Izimiso Zokuziphatha ZeJournalism: Ukusekela Intando Yeningi Ethembekile

Ezweni eligcwele ukwaziswa, indima yezezimiso zokusakaza izindinganiso ayikaze isongwe kakhulu. IJournalism ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi isakhiwo sesine ngoba isebenza njengesehlo sokuhlola amandla, umthombo weqiniso emphakathini, nesikhungo samazwi ahlukene. Ngaphandle kwesisekelo esiqinile sokuziphatha, ukusakaza izihloko zezindaba kungena empempeni - zweni, ekujabuliseni, noma ekuqambeni okunganembile. Lesi sihloko sihlola izimiso zokuziphatha ezisekela ukubika nokuhlola indlela lezimiso ezisekela ngayo idemocriyo enempilo, ehlukile.

Isisekelo Sesayensi Yokugcinwa Kwezincwadi Ezintekenteke

Isimiso sokubala izindaba esingokwesayensi sisekelwe ezimisweni eziyisisekelo eziqondisa izintatheli, abahleli, nezinhlangano zezindaba emsebenzini wazo wansuku zonke. Lezizimiso aziyona imigomo engaqondakali; ziyizindinganiso eziwusizo ezisiza izintatheli ukuba zibhekane nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi kuyilapho zilondoloza ukwethenjwa umphakathi.

Ukunemba Nokukhuluma Iqiniso

Ukunemba kuyisici esiyinhloko se-layistism. Iqiniso ngalinye, ukucaphuna, kanye nokubaluleka kumelwe kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuba kukhishwe. Isimiso somthetho seNhlangano ye-professional pointerss (SPJ) sigcizelela ukuthi izintatheli kufanele "zithathe icala ngokunemba komsebenzi wazo" kanye "namaphutha asheshayo" ne "amaphutha afanele"." esikhathini semijikelezo yezindaba esheshayo nezokusakaza imithombo yezindaba, ukucindezela kokusakaza ngokushesha kungaholela emaphutheni. Izikhulu zezindaba zingamelana nalokho kucindezela ngokuqinisekisa ukunemba okukhulu. Ziphinde zihlukanise phakathi kwamaqiniso nombono, ziqinisekisa ukuthi imibiko yezindaba ihlala ineziphethombelo ezicacile.

Ukuzimela Ethonyeni Elingaphandle

Izintatheli kumelwe zihlale zikhululekile kwezombangazwe, enkampanini, noma ekuzikhetheleni okungaphazamisa ukubika kwazo. Inkululeko isho ukwenqaba izipho, izivumelwano, noma ukuphathwa okukhethekile okuvela emithonjeni; futhi kusho ukugwema izingxabano zesithakazelo. Ngokwesibonelo, intatheli emboze inkampani okumelwe ibe nayo ibeke icala kuleyondaba. Inkululeko idinga futhi ukuba kube sobala ngemithombo esekelwe imali, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezikhangiso zezindaba ezingazuzisi. [[FLT: 0]] Umthetho we-Ethiccs[ usho ukuthi intathelistsscsme "umela ukuphathwa ngokuthandwa yizikhangiso, izikhangiso, noma ezinye izithazo ezikhethekile."

Ubulungisa Nokulinganisela

Ukulunga akusho ukunikeza isilinganiso esilinganayo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi lapho uhlangothi olulodwa lungamanga ngokukhohlisa. Kunalokho, kusho ukunikeza imibono ehlobene nalokhu futhi unikeze izihloko zokugxeka ithuba lokusabela. Umbiko olinganiselayo uhlanganisa umongo womongo, ngakho abafundi abaqondi nje ukuthi kwenzekani kodwa ukuthi kungani kubalulekile. Izintatheli zezindaba azigwemi ukuqamba futhi zifune ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuchaza kwazo kuveza izinhlobonhlobo zezindawo abazisebenzisayo.

Ukulandisa nokubona ngale

Ukulandisa kusho ukuba nesibopho sokubhekana namaphutha nokuchaza izinqumo zomhleli. Uma inhlangano yezindaba yenza iphutha, kufanele ikhiphe iziqondiso ezivelele futhi ichaze ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani iphutha. Ukubona ngokungathi kwenzekile futhi kudlulele ekushwaneni: izintatheli kufanele ziphawule imithombo ngaphandle kokuba kudingekile ukuvikela othile ekulimaleni. Abavikeli beKomiti yenkululeko ye-Press[[FLT] [FLT]] banikeza iziqondiso zokuthi ikuphi futhi kanjani ukunikeza ukufihla, igcizelela ukuthi imithombo engaziwa kufanele isetshenziswe ngokungenamingcele futhi uma ukwaziswa kubalulekile futhi ingahambisani.

Indlela I - Journalism Esekela Ngayo Ukubusa Kwentando Yeningi

Izinhlangano zentando yeningi zincike ezakhamuzini ezinolwazi oluqinile. Ngaphandle kokwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa, abavoti abanakwenza izinqumo ezinengqondo, futhi ohulumeni ngeke balandise.

Ukwakha Umphakathi

Indima eyinhloko yokunikeza izakhamuzi izindaba ezidinga ukukhululeka nokuzilawula. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukubika ngezenzo zomthetho, izinqumo zenkantolo, izinguquko zenqubo, kanye nokwaziswa kwempilo yomphakathi. I-messagement yendawo ibaluleke kakhulu ngoba ihlanganisa amabhodi esikole, imikhandlu yedolobha, neminye imikhakha ethinta ukuphila kwansuku zonke. Ngeshwa, izindaba zendawo ziye zehla kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva ngenxa yezingcindezi zezomnotho. Izinhlangano ezinjenge iLenfest Institute for Journalism isebenzela ukuthola izibonelo ezigciniwe ezigciniweyo ukuze kulondolozwe lomsebenzi wezentando yezwe.

Ukuba Nesibopho Sokulandisa Ngamandla

I-Awatergate, eyambulwa yintatheli uBob Woodward noCarl Bernstein, iyisibonelo esivelele sendlela ukudayisa amaphephandaba okungalimaza ngayo ukuphatha kokonakala. Muva nje, ukuhlola ukuziphatha okubi kwamaphoyisa, ukungcola kwezinhlangano, nokulawula kwezombangazwe kuye kwaholela ezinguqukoni nasemisebenzini engokomthetho. I-Accostanceism idinga imithombo yemali, isikhathi, nesivikelo esingokomthetho. Izikhulu zezindaba zivame ukubhekana nokumangalela, ukuqapha, ukuqapha, noma ubudlova lapho zibekela inselele izithako ezinamandla. Ngakho ukusekela inkululeko yezentethelelo yezelo yentando yeningi.

Inkulumo Yeningi Ekhuthazayo

I-Journalism inikeza iqophelo lengxoxo ne-Protory. Izingxenye zemibono, izincwadi eziya kumhleli, futhi ihlala emanxuseni ivumela izakhamuzi ukuba zihileleke ezindabeni futhi zihlangane. Enkathini ye-minucrometics, lomsebenzi uye wanwetshwa wahlanganisa izingxenye zokuphendula, ukuhlangana kwezezindaba zomphakathi, nezenzakalo zomphakathi eziqhutshwa yiziteshi zezindaba. Izintatheli zezikhulu zezikhulu zezikhulu zezindaba zilinganisela le zindawo ukuze ziqinisekise ukuxoxa ngenhlonipho futhi zivimbele ukuhlukunyezwa. Zibuye zinqume ukuthi kuyiqiniso okwenziwa yizikhulu zeningi nezezombangazwe, zisiza ukugcina inkulumo isekelwe entweni engokoqobo.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukubona Ithuba

Ukubonana ngokomthetho kuhulumeni nezinhlangano kuyinzuzo eyisihluthulelo yentando yeningi. Abacosheli bezindaba basebenzisa inkululeko yemithetho yolwazi ukuze bathole amarekhodi emihlangano kahulumeni, izivumelwano, kanye nezokuxhumana. Babika futhi ngemisebenzi yokuveza obala yezinkampani ezizimele, ikakhulukazi leyo ethinta inhlalakahle yomphakathi. Ngokukhanyisa indlela izinqumo ezenziwa ngayo, amaphephandaba enza izakhamuzi zikwazi ukufuna ukulandisa. IVSIGREAPers ne-IRC inhlangano inikeza ukuqeqeshwa kokusebenzisa amarekhodi omphakathi ngokuphumelelayo, imishini yokunikeza izikhulu zezindaba amandla okubeka isibopho sokulandisa.

Izinselele Ezinkulu Ezibhekene Nesayensi Yezindaba Ezintekenteke

Naphezu kwendima yalo ebalulekile, imithombo yezindaba yanamuhla ibhekene nezinsongo ezinkulu ezithinta isimilo.

Ukusakazeka Kokwaziswa Okungalungile Nokungaqondakali

Izindaba zokukhohlisa, imibono yozungu, kanye nenkulumo - ze zilulaza ukwethemba umphakathi ekutholeni izintatheli ezisemthethweni. I-mistruction isakazeka ngokushesha kuma-computer, lapho i-algoriths imisa khona ukushendeza ngokunemba. Izintatheli kumelwe zilwe nalokhu ngokubhala amagama angeyiwo acacile lapho zibika futhi zinikeza umongo osiza abafundi ukuba baqaphele amanga. Izinhlangano ezingokoqobo ezilawulayo njenge Snopes ne-Politifact ziye zaba izihlobo ezibalulekile kulomzamo. Nokho, umthamo wezinto ezingamangayenzi zenza kube yimpi enzima.

Ukuzitika Nethonya Lezombangazwe

Ukufakwa kwemithombo yezindaba kungaholela ezimpikiswaneni zesithakazelo nobandlululo lomhleli. Uma inani elincane lezinhlangano linezindawo eziningi zokukhipha imibiko, lingahlela ukuhlanganiswa kwezindaba ukuze lifanelane nezindaba zalo noma izithakazelo zezombangazwe. Ukusekela kobumagazini obungokwesayensi kudinga ukuzimela ekucindezelekeni okunjalo. Ezinye izinhlangano zezindaba ziye zamukela izimiso zokubusa ezivimbela izinqumo zomhleli ekutheni umnini wempahla, njengesibonelo semali ephathisiwe esisetshenziswa yi-The Guardian[. Ukusekela komphakathi kwezenzuzo engekho nzuzo nakho kuyakhula, ngesisekelo nangempatho ngayinye ekukhokheleni ukulanda ngokuzibopha ngenkululeko.

Usongo Ekuphepheni Kwezintatheli

Izintatheli emhlabeni wonke zibhekene nokuhlukunyezwa, ukuboshwa, nobudlova ngenxa nje yokwenza imisebenzi yazo. Ngokwe-Committee yokuvikela izintatheli, izintatheli ezingaphezu kuka-50 zafa ngo-2023 kuphela, eziningi emazweni anenkululeko encane yokunyathelisa. Emazweni entando yeningi, izikhulu zezindaba zibhekana nokuxhashazwa nge-intanethi, ama-athom, ama-xxting, kanye nokusongelwa ngokomzimba. Izinhlangano zezindaba kumelwe zinikeze ukuqeqeshwa nokusekelwa kwezisebenzi zazo. Isivikelo esingokomthetho senkululeko yokunyathelisa, njengemithetho evikela izintathena ekuphoqeleleni ukudayisa imithombo yezindaba, naso sibalulekile.

Izingcindezi Zezomnotho Nokuwohloka Kwefa

Inzuzo yokukhangisa iye yashintshwa kumaphepha-ndaba emishini yobuchwepheshe enjenge-Google ne Facebook, ishiya izindawo eziningi zezindaba ezilwela ukuphila. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekususweni, ekuncipheni, nasekuvalweni kwamaphephandaba amaningi endawo. Ukuze kulondolozwe izindinganiso zokuziphatha ngaphansi kwezinkinga zemali, amagumbi okudayisa amasha enzuzo entsha. Izimo zemali ezisekelwe kumthetho wezimali, izinhlelo zamalungu, izenzakalo, nemvume zihlolwa zonke. Kodwa ukucindezela kwezomnotho kungalinga futhi ukuphuma ekucindeni kakhulu, kuholele ekufuneni ukuthatha izihloko eziphambili zezindaba eziphambili, kuholele ekufuneni i-spective. Izindaba ze-Ethical zenza zimela lezi zimo zemali ngokugxila enkonzweni yomphakathi.

Imisebenzi Yesakhelo Emangalisayo Yokuqondisa I - Journalism Yanamuhla

Ukuze zikwazi ukubhekana nalezi zinselele, izintatheli zincike ezimisweni eziyisisekelo ezinikeza isiqondiso ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Isilinganiso Sesithakazelo Somphakathi

Izintatheli kufanele zibuze njalo: Lendaba ifeza kanjani isithakazelo somphakathi? Izindaba ezithakazelisayo noma ezihlazisayo zingase zingafinyeleli kulendinganiso. Isithakazelo somphakathi sihlanganisa ukutshela izakhamuzi ngezindaba zempilo, ukulondeka, ukubusa, nobulungisa. Kuhlanganisa nokuvikela abantu abangavikelekile ekulimaleni. Ngokwesibonelo, ukubiza isisulu sokuhlaselwa ngokobulili kungase kunganikezi isithakazelo somphakathi ngaphandle kokuba isisulu singumuntu obala noma icala lihilela impikiswano yesimiso. Izikhulu zezindaba zihlola izinzuzo zokukhishwa kwezincwadi ngokumelene nokulimala kwabantu ngabanye.

Izimiso Zokuziphatha Ezivela Ezinhlanganweni Zochwepheshe

Izinhlangano eziningi zobuthadisi zinemithetho yokuziphatha ehlela izindinganiso zobuchwepheshe. I-Society of Professional Journals' isetshenziswa kabanzi e-United States, kuyilapho i-Ethical Journalism Network [ inikeza uhlelo lwembulunga yonke. Lemithetho igcizelela izimiso ezinjengeqiniso, ukuzimela, ukungaguquguquki, nokulandisa. Inikeza futhi isiqondiso ezindabeni ezithize njengokusingatha imithombo engaziwa, ukuvikela imfihlo, nokugwema i-plagiarism. Izikhulumi zezindaba kufanele zijwayelane nale nalemithetho futhi zibhekisele kuyo lapho zibhekene nezinkinga zezimiso zokuziphatha.

Ukucabanga Okubucayi Nokuhlola Umthombo

Kulenkathi yokungaqondi kahle, ukucabanga okugxekayo kuyikhono elibalulekile kubacosheli bamaphephandaba. Kudingeka bahlole imithombo ukuze bathembeke, bathathe izisusa, futhi baqonde. Lokhu kusho ukuhlola imibhalo yokuqala, ukudluliswa kokwaziswa, nokufuna imibono eminingi. Abacosheli bezindaba nabo kudingeka baqaphele ubandlululo lwabo siqu futhi basebenze ukuze banciphise. Amashadi amaningi manje asebenzisa amathuluzi okuhlola amaqiniso anikezelwe futhi asebenzise amanani ukuze afakazele izithombe, amavidiyo, kanye nezigqebhezana zomphakathi.

Ukuqhubeka Nemfundo Engokokuziphatha

Izinselele zesayensi zisuka ngobuchwepheshe nangomphakathi. Lokho okwakubhekwa njengokwamukelekayo eminyakeni eyishumi edlule kungase kungasafaneleki. Izintatheli kumelwe zihlanganyele ekuqhubekeni zifunda ngezimiso zokuziphatha. Lokhu kungahlanganisa amashadi, izifundo ze-inthanethi, nemihlangano ye-internet. Izinhlangano zezindaba kufanele zikhuthaze ukuxoxa ngokukhululekile ngezindaba, ziveze indlela yokuthuthukisa izinkathazo. Ngokuhlala zinolwazi ngemikhuba emihle, intatheli zingazivumelanisa nezinselele ezintsha kuyilapho zisekela izindinganiso eziyisisekelo.

Ikusasa Le - Ethical Journalism Enkathini Yokusetshenziswa Kwamanani

Imboni yokudayisa izincwadi ishintsha ngokushesha, kanti izinguquko eziningi ziletha izinselele, zinikeza namathuba okuqinisa imikhuba yokuziphatha nokuthembisana ngokujule nomphakathi.

Ukwamukela Ubuchwepheshe Ngenxa Yokulandisa

Amathuluzi emishini angathuthukisa ukuhlola ukulandisa, ukuhlola amaqiniso, nokubona. Ngokwesibonelo, umbiko wemininingwane uvumela izintatheli ukuba zihlaziye iziteshi ezinkulu zokuthola inkohlakalo noma ukungalingani. Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini kungahilela umphakathi ekuqoqeni ukwaziswa. Ubuchwepheshe be-blockchain buhlolwa ukuqinisekisa ubuqiniso bezindaba. Izinhlangano zezindaba kufanele zifake imali kulamathuluzi kuyilapho zithintana nezici ezingokokuziphatha ngokusebenzisa ukuhlakanipha kokwenziwa ekukhiqizweni kwezindaba, njengokusetshenziswa kwesizukulwane esinezinto ezisebenza ngemishini kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-althm-ractive-redimen.

Ukwakha Ithemba Ngokuhlanganyela Komphakathi

Ukuthemba emithonjeni yezindaba kuye kwancipha emazweni amaningi, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuhlukana nokungaqondi kahle. Ukuze kuqalwe kabusha ukwethembana, izintatheli zidinga ukuzihlanganisa ngokuqondile nezindawo ezihlala kuzo. Lokhu kusho ukulalela izikhalo zezilaleli, ukuchaza izinqubo zomhleli, nokuveza amaphutha. Ezinye iziteshi zezindaba ziye zaqasha abahleli bezivumelwano abaqashela izingxoxo nomphakathi. Abanye bangenisa amahholo edolobha noma bakha amabhodi okuhlola amalungu omphakathi ahlukahlukene. Ithemba lakhiwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngokuthembeka, nangokulandisa okunecala.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukuhlukahluka Nokuhlangana Kwabantu Ezindlini Zezindaba

Uma amashabhu engabonisi izinhlobonhlobo zemiphakathi ayihlanganisayo, imibiko ingaba ehlukanisayo noma ephelele. Ukuhlukahlukahluka kuhlanganisa uhlanga, ubuzwe, ubulili, isigaba, isayensi yezwe, nombono wezombangazwe. I-Ethical mediaism idinga imizamo esebenzayo yokuthola nokugcina izintatheli ezivela ezizindeni ezihlukahlukene. Kusho futhi ukufuna imithombo yezindaba nezindaba ezivame ukunganakwa. Igumbi lezindaba elinhlobonhlobo liveza ukuhlanganisa okungcono, okunembejekile futhi lisiza ekulweni nombono ovamile. Izinhlangano ezinjenge- iNhlangano yase-America yamaphephandaba [[FLT]] ibeke imigomo ehlukahlukeneyo futhi inikeza imicebo yokusiza ukuba kufinyelele.

Ukusekela Inkululeko Yokunyathelisa Nesivikelo Esingokomthetho

Izintatheli azinakwenza umsebenzi wazo ngaphandle kwezivikelo ezingokomthetho. Inkululeko yokuxosha isongelwa ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, kuhlanganise namazwe entando yeningi lapho izintatheli zimangalelwa khona ngenxa yokumangalelwa, ziboshelwe ukubika ngezenzakalo zomphakathi, noma zinqatshwe ukuvunyelwa kwemithetho yezivikelo zomphakathi. Ukufakwa kwemithetho eqinile, inkululeko yezenzo zokwaziswa, nesivikelo sabafuyi bemilingo yezemilingo kufanele futhi kusekele izintatheli ezibhekene nokuhlukunyezwa okungokomthetho ngokunikeza izimali zokuvikela i-prono.

Isiphetho

Izihloko zezindaba ezihlukene aziyona into yokunethezeka kwentando yeningi; kuyisidingo. Ngokunamathela ezimisweni zokunemba, zokuzimela, ukungalingani, nokulandisa, izintatheli zinikeza izakhamuzi ukwaziswa ezikudingayo ukuze zenze izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi zibambe amandla okulandisa. Izinselele ezibhekene nobumagazini (ne-messisformation), izingcindezi zezomnotho, ukusongela ekulondekeni, kanye nokuncipha kokuthembana, kodwa azinakweqiswa. Ngokuzibophezela ezimisweni zokuziphatha, ukutshala isayensi entsha, nokubophana okuqotho nemiphakathi, izihloko zezindaba zingaqhubeka zifeza indima yazo ekusekeleni ukubusa ngentando yeningi. Ikusasa lentando yeningi lixhomeke kulesosibopho.