Izinqumo zikahulumeni ezingabonakali ziwuphawu olulawula umhlaba ongokoqobo esiwulawula nsuku zonke — kusukela kuma-asphalt ngaphansi kwamasondo ethu kuya emabhulohweni ahlanganisa imifula yethu nezimiso zokuthutha ezihlanganisa indawo yethu. Nakuba umphakathi uvame ukuthatha imigwaqo, imihubhe, nezimiso zemishini ezisebenzayo ezigunyaziwe, zonke ikhilomitha nensimbi ziwumkhiqizo wokukhetha ngamabomu okwenziwa izikhulu ezikhethiwe, abaholi bezinhlangano, abenzi bezimiso. Lesi sihloko sihlola indima ebalulekile yezentengo yezomnotho, ukulondeka komphakathi, impilo ezungezile, kanye nezimiso zezenhlalo. Ukuqonda indlela inqubo kahulumeni ethinta ngayo izakhiwo akuyona nje inqubo yemfundo yemfundo yezemfundo yezemfundo; kubalulekile ezakhamuzini nasebangeni elifuna ukusekela iswonga elihlakaniphile, imiphakathi yezindawo eziphambili zikahulumeni ezisemgwaqweqweni zethu, nokuhlola izinhlelo zokulawula imigwaqo, izinhlelo zemisebenzi kanye nezokuhlola izinhlelo zokuhamba.

Ukubaluleka Kwezakhiwo

Izimiso zesisekelo zihlanganisa izimiso ezisekela imisebenzi yomphakathi yansuku zonke — imigwaqo, amabhuloho, imihubhe, izintambo zokuthutha amanzi, izimiso zokuthutha indle, imishini kagesi, kanye nezimiso zokuthutha zomphakathi. Uma lezi zimiso zisebenza ngokuthembeka, zenza ezohwebo, zikwazi ukusabela okuphuthumayo, futhi zithuthukise izinga lokuphila.

I-American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) ikhipha i-Infrablicture Report kakhadi elihlala kane elithi amamaki esisekelo e-U.S. ahlukene ngezigaba ezingu-17. Ekuhloleni kwamuva nje, i-C, intuthuko encane eminyakeni edlule kodwa iseyisibonakaliso esicacile sokuthi kudinga izigidi zezigidi zamadola. Ngokwe-ASCE, igebe lokutshala imali ekuthutheni ngaphandle kuphela lidlula izigidi zezigidi ezingu-R3. Lezi zibalo zigcizelela ithonya eliqinisekile lesinqumo sikahulumeni — noma ukusekela izimali zokwaluphala, noma ukutshala izimali zanamuhla ezisafufusayo.

  • .Trade nezentengiselwano — imigwaqo ephezulu namatheku kunciphisa izindleko, kusiza amabhizinisi ukuba asheshise izinto ngokushesha futhi anciphe. Ngokwesibonelo, uMnyango Wezokuthutha wase-U.S. ulinganisela ukuthi ukuminyana kwemigwaqo emikhulu kubiza umnotho ongaphezu kwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-60 ngonyaka.
  • Ukuphepha kwe-Public — amabhuloho nemigwaqo okunendawo eqinile kunciphisa ingozi yezingozi nokwehluleka kokwakha. Ukuwa kwebhuloho loMfula i-I-35W Mississippi, elabulala abantu abangu-13, kwakuyisikhumbuzo esidabukisayo sento eyenzekayo lapho izinqumo zokunakekela zifinyele.
  • Ukukhululeka nokuhamba — Inqubo yokuzivumelanisa inqumo inquma ukuthi ubani ongafinyelela imisebenzi, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, imfundo, nokuzijabulisa. Imiphakathi yasemaphandleni ivame ukubhekana “nezingwadule ezidluliswayo” lapho umgwaqo olinganiselwe uhlukanisa khona izakhamuzi ezinkonzweni ezibalulekile.
  • [ Ukusabela okuthe ukushelela [ — Phakathi nezinhlekelele ezingokwemvelo ezinjengeziphepho noma amaqubula omlilo, isimo sezindlela zokuthutha nokuzivuselela kwemigqa yamandla kungasho umehluko phakathi kokuphila nokufa.

Indima Kahulumeni Ekuthuthukeni Kwezakhiwo

Izakhiwo azizenzakaleli. Kudingeka ukuba kuhlangane phakathi kwamazinga amaningi kahulumeni, ngalinye lilethe imithwalo yemfanelo ehlukile, imithombo yezimali, nezimiso zokuqondisa. Imidlalo ephakathi kweziphathimandla zikahulumeni, zikahulumeni, nohulumeni nendawo ihlela indlela izakhiwo ezihlelwa ngayo, zixhaswe, zivunyelwe, futhi zakhiwe ngayo.

Ukuhileleka Kukahulumeni Ozimele

Uhulumeni umisa izinto eziza kuqala zweni, umisa izindinganiso zokuphepha, futhi unikeza ukusekela okubalulekile ngokwezimali ngezinhlelo ezinjenge-Federal-Aid Highway Act ne-Bipartisan Infractive Law. I-Profectal enjenge Federal Highway Administration (FWA) neFederal Transtit Administration (FTA) inikeza imvume, yengamele ukubukezwa kwendawo ezungezile, futhi ibophezelwe ngezindlela ezicaciswe. Ngokwesibonelo, i-FHAWA’S Highway Treach, ishop Treaunt Fund, ishicelelwa intela kahulumeni, inikezela izigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zemali ukuze kuthathwe izakhiwo zomgwaqo nebhulo. Ukuhileleka kwe-Federal Izentellivey ezindaweni zombuso wombuso wonke ozimele wombuso wombuso wombuso nezwe wonke.

Imizamo yamuva kahulumeni, kuhlanganise ne-Ifrastructural Investment and Jobs Act (IJA) eyasayinwa ngo-2021, iye yaqondisa amazinga angokomlando okuxhasa imigwaqo, amabhuloho, ukuthutha komphakathi, ububanzi, nezimoto zikagesi ezithengisa izingcingo. I-IJA yahlukanisa imali engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-550 zemali esetshenziselwe ukuyisebenzisa, kanye nezigidi eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-R3 ezinikezelwe emigwaqweni nasebhulohweni kuphela. Lezi zinqumo azikho nje kuphela ezakhiwa kodwa nendlela izakhiwo ezithuthukisa ngayo ukuqina kwesimo sezulu, i-ectiveily, i-ey, kanye nentuthuko yezisebenzi.

Iminikelo KaHulumeni Nohulumeni Wendawo

Iminyango yoMbuso yezokuthutha (i-DOT) nezinhlangano zomphakathi zithwele umthwalo oyinhloko wokuhlela, ukuklama, nokulungisa izakhiwo. Izindawo zikahulumeni zilawula imigwaqo emikhulu, zinikeza izimali zikahulumeni, futhi zihlela umsebenzi oza kuqala ngokwezidingo zendawo. Ohulumeni bendawo — amadolobha, izikhungo, nezinhlangano zokuhlela izakhiwo zedolobha — beqondisa imigwaqo yendawo, izinhlelo zomphakathi, imigwaqwe, imizila yemigwaqo, kanye nemigwaqo yamabhayisekili. Izinqumo zabo zithinta ngokuqondile ukunyuka kwansuku zonke kwezindawo nezindawo zomphakathi.

Izwe nezindlela zokuxhasa imali ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. Izifunda eziningi zithembele ezintelani zikaphethiloli, ezikhokhelweni zezimoto, ezikhokhelwayo, nezibopho ezidilivwe ukuze zithole inzuzo. Ezinye izifundazwe ziye zaphakamisa intela yegesi noma zasungula amathuluzi amasha okusekela imali afana nobudlelwane bomphakathi (amaP3) ukuze zifake imali elinganiselwe. Ngokuvamile ohulumeni bendawo babhekana nobunzima obukhulu kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi banomthwalo omkhulu wokulungisa izakhiwo zendawo — njengemigwaqo ehlalayo kanye namanzi aphumayo amanzi avundlile — kodwa banemithombo eselelishisiwe engcono kunezifundazwe noma uhulumeni. Lokhu kushiya amapulaneteyini amaningi ekhubazekayo ekhulela phambili.

Ukwenziwa Kwesinqumo: Indlela Imisebenzi Esuka Ngayo E - Idea Iya E - Asphalt

Ukuqonda le nqubo kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba ziqonde ukuthi kungani eminye imisebenzi ishesha ukuqhubekela phambili kuyilapho eminye ihlupheka amashumi eminyaka.

Ukuhlela Nokuzibeka Phambili

Izinqumo zokuhlela izakhiwo ziqala ngokuhlela. Izinhlangano ze-Metropolitan Plannings (MPOS) zisungula amasu ezokuhamba ahlukahlukene abikezela ukwanda kwenani labantu, ukufunwa kwesidingo sokuhamba, nezimiso zezomnotho. Izwe likhiqiza i-State DOTS i-StateniverFound Mozection Reformation Programs (STIP) edweba yonke imisebenzi exhasweyo ekhona ezungeze umkhathi weminyaka eminingi. Lamacebo ahlelwa njalo futhi avunyelwe yizinhlangano zikahulumeni ukuba athole izimali. Isigaba sokuhlela sihlanganisa ukuqoqa ukwaziswa, ukuveza izimo zesikhathi esizayo, nokuhlanganisa izithakazelo phakathi kwezithakazelo eziphikisanayo — imigwaqo yasedolobhukwini, i-meterraliters, i-eces traced.

Ukubukeza Indawo Ezungezile Nokukhishwa Kwezakhi Zomphakathi

Imisebenzi emikhulu idinga izinkulumo zendawo ezungezile (EIS) ngaphansi kwe-National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). Le nqubo ihlola imiphumela engase ibe khona ekwakhekeni komoya, imithombo yamanzi, indawo yokuhlala yezilwane zasendle, izindawo ezingokomlando, nemiphakathi ezungezile. Ifuna futhi ukuqulwa kwamacala omphakathi kanye nezimpendulo, inikeza izakhamuzi izwi ezizothinta izindawo zazo eziseduze. Nakuba ukubukeza i-NEPA kubalulekile ekuvikeleni imvelo, kungabangela futhi ukulibala. I-EIS ithatha iminyaka eminingana ukuqeda, futhi i-intshinga i-od transport ingexande ngezikhathi ezengeziwe. Ukubukeza lezizi ezithiyo kuyilapho kulondoloza ukufakwa komphakathi kulokhu kuseyinselele inselele yenqubo yokuphikisa.

Ukusekela, Ukuvumela Nokwakha

Uma umsebenzi usuhleliwe futhi uqediwe, ukulondolozwa kwezimali ngokuvamile kuyisithiyo esilandelayo. Ohulumeni kumelwe bahlele imali yokukhokha izimali, izibopho, bafuna izimali zikahulumeni, noma bangene ezivumelwaneni zeP3. Ukuvunyelwa kwezindawo zendawo — imvume yokuhlanganisa, imvume yokwakha, imvume yokwakha — kwenezela ezinye izingqimba zokubukeza. Ukwakha okukhona kubekwa izinhlangano zikahulumeni noma abakhi, ngokuqinisekisa okusemgangathweni kanye nokuphepha phakathi nonyaka. Lonke ucingo kusukela ekukhulelweni kuya ekuqedeni ibhulohoshozeni komgwaqo omkhulu.

Umphumela Wezinqumo Zokufundisa Emiphakathini

Ohulumeni abakhethayo bakhetha ukuthi isisekelo sesisekelo siyoba yini nemiphumela ehlala njalo, ngaphandle kokuhamba, ukuthuthukisa amathuba ezomnotho, izinga lendawo ezungezile nokulingana kwezenhlalo.

Ukuthuthuka Kwezomnotho

Izakhiwo ezihlelwe kahle zikhanga ukutshala imali futhi zibangele imisebenzi. Imigwaqo emikhulu emisha inganciphisa izindleko zemikhumbi, ivule indawo yokuthuthukisa, futhi ithuthukise ukufinyelela izimakethe zezisebenzi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imigwaqo enganakekelwanga kahle ivimbela amabhizinisi futhi iphakamise izindleko. Ukuhlola kwe-Economic Policy Institute kwathola ukuthi izakhiwo ezishicilelwe izakhiwo zezemisebenzi zibangela ukuba kuvele imisebenzi eqondile nengaqondile eyizigidi eziyizi - 13 000. Nokho, indawo yalezo zindaba zokutshala imali: umgwaqo omusha ohlanganisa isikhungo semisebenzi sasemaphandleni esisendaweni yasemaphandleni ungaveza ukukhula, kuyilapho ukudlula ngaphakathi kwe-injini kungahlukanisa izindawo ezihlala abantu abahlala kuzo.

Ukulondolozwa Kwendawo Ezungezile

Izinqumo zokulungisa indawo ezungezile zinganciphisa noma zithuthukise izinselele zendawo ezungezile. Ukwandisa amandla emigwaqo emikhulu ngokuvamile kubangela ukuhamba ngemoto, ukwanda kokukhishwa kwegesi eshisayo nokungcola komoya. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukutshala izimali ekuthuthweni komphakathi, imizila yamabhayisekili, kanye nemishini yokuhamba ngezinyawo kunganciphisa ukuncika ezimotweni. Ohulumeni bayaqhubeka befaka izimpawu ezisekela izinhlelo zokukhetha izakhiwo zokulungisa izimoto — ngokwesibonelo, idinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezivusene, ukwenezela izici eziluhlaza zamanzi ashisayo, noma ukulondoloza indawo engokwemvelo. I-Federal Highway Administration’s Sustable Pavements Program ikhuthaza ubuchwepheshe obunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwecarbon ekwakhelwa umgwaqo.

Ukulingana Kwezenhlalo

Ifa lalezi zinqumo liye laba yithuluzi lokufakwa nokukhishwa kwezimpahla. Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20 leminyaka, imisebenzi yomgwaqo omkhulu ngokuvamile yakhiwa ezindaweni ezigcwele abantu abamnyama nabampofu, isusa imikhaya futhi ihlukanisa izibopho zomphakathi. Ifa lalezi zinqumo liyaqhubeka namuhla liyimingcele engokomzimba, intengo yempahla, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezempilo. Ukwenziwa kwezimiso zezezinqumo kwanamuhla kugcizelela kakhulu ukudlula — ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iMiphakathi egciniwe ithola isabelo esihle senzuzo yezezezenzuzo. IJaji le-Biden i-Baden ithatha isinyathelo esingu-40% senzuzo evela esimweni sezulu nasemiphakathini edinga ukukhokha imali engcono.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo Zezinqumo Zokuqeqesha

Isimiso Sendlela Ephakeme Ye - Intertate

UMongameli Dwight D. Eisenhower wasayina i-Federal-Aid Highway Act ka-1956, eqala umsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu womphakathi emlandweni waseMelika. Isimiso se-internat, esihlanganisa amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-48 000, silungisa indawo yesizwe. Sashesha kakhulu ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, sabangela ukunyuka kweloli njengendlela yokuthutha impahla ebanzi, futhi sasiza ekuhambeni isikhathi eside ngezinyawo ezinde. Nokho izinqumo ezihlobene nokuthutha kwayo nokwakha zazinezinhlangothi ezimnyama. Emadolobheni anjengeBaltium, iMiya, neDetroit, zazihamba ngamabomu ezindaweni ezimnyama — umcimbi oyaziwa ngokuthi “igrackyantiumchy” noma“ imigwaqo emhlophe ezindaweni ezimnyama. Le miphakathi yemiphakathi yakhona futhi yanikela engcebweni ezindaweni ezinhlabeni. Namuhla, amanye amadolobha afana namadolobha ayesezindaweni ezihlukene abonakala ngamanxeba amanxeba akhona, ngokwesimu ye-Sracrackiach, i-New York, i-20.

I - hot Boston’s Dig Enkulu

I-Central Artery/Tunnel Project, eyaziwa kangcono njenge-Big Dig, ihlala ingenye yemisebenzi yezezisekelo eziphambili neziyimpikiswano emlandweni wase-U.S. ekuqaleni yayihloselwe ukukhulula ukuminyana eBoston eMgangathweni ophakeme we-Central Aryery, iprojekthi yamboza i-I-90-90 ngaphansi komhlaba, yandisa i-Logan Airport, futhi yanezela izindleko zika-Ted Williams Tunnel. Izinqumo zikahulumeni zahamba zonke izici: ukukhetha ukusebenzisa imihubhe emisha emisha, isinqumo sokuphishekela indlela yokwakha ephakeme, nezindleko ezinkulu ezakhuphulula inteko yokugcina imali yaba ngaphezu ko $1.6, izindleko zayo eziphakeme, i-Big Digner zinciphisa ukulibala nokuvuleka kwezindawo zomphakathi ngaphezu komhlaba, njengo-Greendoener. Nokho, izindleko ezinkulu zokukhohlakala komlando, ukukhohlakala nokukhohlakala inte ngopha ngopha ngophanga.

Irail Ephakeme YaseCalifornia

Njengoba kuvezwa njengesimiso sokuqala sesitimela esinejubane eliphezulu ngempela e-United States, umsebenzi wesitimela esinezinhlamvu eziphezulu eCalifornia ubonisa indlela izimpi zezezombangazwe nezezomthetho ezingavala ngayo izakhiwo. Ekuqaleni ezagunyazwa abavoti ngo-2008 ngesilinganiso esiqinile, isakhiwo siye sabhekana nentengo engapheli, intengo, nokuhlelwa okuguquguqukayo. Izinqumo zikahulumeni — kuhlanganise nezinguquko kuhulumeni, ukumangalelwa kwendawo ezungezile, nokungavumelani kokuthuthwa kwezindawo ezizungezile — kuye kwawunciphisa umsebenzi ngeminyaka eminingi futhi kwashintshwa izindleko ezisukela kuma - R3 000 000 000 000 000 kuya kweziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingaphezu kwezingu-R3 ngesilinganiso esithile ngokwesilinganiso esithile. Nakuba lo msebenzi ukwakhiwa eSigodini Esiphakathi, ukuhlobana kwawo okuphela phakathi kweSan Francisco neLos Angelesstles kuhlala kungaqiniseki. Lokhu kubonisa ubunzima bokugcinwa kwemicimbini engongongongongongongongongongongongongongongongongozayo nakuzo eziyo.

Izinselele Ekuthuthukeni Kwezakhiwo

Naphezu kwesidingo esisobala sezesisekelo sanamuhla, izinselele eziphikelelayo zivimbela intuthuko.

Ukulahlekelwa

Isithiyo esivame ukukhonjwa kakhulu ekubekeni imali enele. Intela kaphethiloli kahulumeni, umthombo oyinhloko weHighway Trust Fund, ayizange ikhushulwe kusukela ngo-1993. Ngenxa yokwehla kwamandla nokwenyuka kwamandla emoto, amandla ayo okuthenga aye ancibilika ngokulingana nonyaka ka-40%. Okwamanje, izifunda zibhekene nokungahleleki kwazo siqu. Abaningi baye baphendukela ekukhokheni, intela yomsebenzi osekelwe ku-makhilomitha, kanye nenkokhelo yomphakathi ukuze bathakazelise imithombo yenzuzo engokwesiko. Infracucus Revolution Act ilungiselele ukuncishiswa kwesikhashana, kodwa inzuzo ende ebekelwe isikhathi eside ihlala inzima. Ngaphandle kwemoto entsha ehamba amakhilomitha angu-MT — igebeko yemali iqhubeke iyanda.

Izingxabano Zezombangazwe

I-infracracon kucatshangwa ukuthi iyi-bipartisan, kodwa ngokwesiko, ukuvalwa kwemiklamo ehlukanisayo kuvame ukubambezela imisebenzi. Ukungavumelani ngokukhetha umsebenzi, ukubukezwa kwendawo ezungezile, izimfuneko zezisebenzi (isibonelo, i-Davis-Bacon imigaqo yeholo ekhona), futhi izindlela zokuxhasa ngemali zingavala izikweletu iminyaka eminingi. Ngisho nangemva kokuba umsebenzi usuxhaswe, izimpi zezombangazwe zendawo — ngokwesibonelo, endaweni yebhuloho elisha noma ipase-parrowsss — zingabangela ukulwa okuthatha isikhathi eside. Umphumela uwukuthi izakhiwo eziningi ezidingekayo zingahlala e-livolo, futhi isimiso sonke singabi nakuntula imali engaguquki, eqinisekile.

Ukuphikiswa Komphakathi Nenkolo Eyingozi

Izakhamuzi zendawo zivame ukuphikisa imisebenzi yezesisekelo eziyibheka njengephazamisayo ezindaweni zazo — into eyaziwa ngokuthi “Ayikho Endlungwini Yami ye-" (NIMBY). Ukukhathazeka ngomsindo, izakhiwo, ukungqubuzana kwendawo ezungezile, nokwephuza ukwakha kungakhuthaza ukuphikisa komphakathi okuthi ukukhubazeka kwemisebenzi noma amandla abiza izimpawu zokuvuseleleka. Nakuba ukuthatha isinyathelo emphakathini kuyigugu, i-NIMBYism engaphezulu kungavimbela imisebenzi ewusizo ekuqhubekeleni phambili. Ukulinganisela ukufakwa komphakathi nesidingo esikhulu sesifunda kungabangela ukumelana okungapheli ekwakheni izakhiwo.

Ikusasa Leziyalezo: Ukuzivumelanisa Nokushintsha

Uma sibheka phambili, izinqumo zesisekelo kumelwe zibangele ukushintsha kwenqubo yezobuchwepheshe, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, nokushintsha kwemikhakha okudinga ukunakekelwa kwezenhlalo.

Ukusetshenziswa Kobuchwepheshe Obuhlakaniphile

I-Inight Trounty Systems (ITS) — kuhlanganise nezimpawu zomgwaqo ezivumelanisayo, ezobuchwepheshe ezixhunyiwe, kanye nokwaziswa okuthatha isikhathi esingokoqobo — zingandisa amandla ngaphandle kokwakha imizila emisha. Ohulumeni baqala ukufuna ukuba imisebenzi emisha ihlanganise amalungiselelo obuchwepheshe besikhathi esizayo, njengemicu ye-fiber obroscopes noma ukuxhumana okufushane okunikezelweyo (DSRC). Izimoto ezizimele zingashintsha ngokwengeziwe izidingo zezakhiwo, zinganciphisa isidingo sokupaka nokulawula imigwaqo nokulawula kwemigwaqo. Nokho, isikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwe-auto ebanzi esisasaziwe ezindaweni ezisemuva azisaqinisekile, futhi ohulumeni kumelwe baqaphele ukuthi imishini esekelwe ezindaweni zokuhlola izinto ezikhomba.

Isimo Sezulu Siyavuleka

Izenzakalo zezulu ezinkulu kakhulu — iziphepho, izikhukhula, imililo yemlilo, neziphepho — zivivinya izakhiwo zezakhiwo kunanini ngaphambili. Imigwaqo ehambayo ngaphansi kokushisa, ibhungane elinamanzi, nemigwaqo emikhulu esogwini iyashenxa. Umthetho we-Federal Emergency Management Agement (FEMA) noMnyango Wezokuthutha manje ucindezela “impinga” eklanyweni yemisebenzi: ukuphakamisa imigwaqo ehambayo, ukusebenzisa imigwaqo ehambayo, ukuqinisa amabhulohobhini amelene nokuvuthuluka kwesiphepho, nokwakha izindlela eziqinile ezivuthuzayo. Umthetho we-Bpartistan Infractureal Law uhlanganisa izigidigidiotationss yemisebenzi, njenge-Pintent Reintent ye-octivectionation, ne-Effentientsstion (Procet). Izinhlangano ezibangela ukuba zikwazi ukuhlanganisa izingozi zezulu ezingokwembuku

Ukutholakala Okulinganayo Nokwehlukana Kwezinombolo

Izimiso azisabalulekile nje ngokunyakaza ngokomzimba; ukuxhumana kwezimiso kuya ngokuya kuqina. Umqedazwe ogcizelelwe ukuthi i-intanethi ebanzi iyisisekelo esibucayi semfundo, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, nokuhlanganyela kwezomnotho. Izinqumo zikahulumeni zokusekela izakhiwo ezibanzi ze-Banland — ikakhulukazi emadolobheni asemaphandleni nangaphansi kwezindawo ezikhona — zingavala igebe eliphakathi. Ngokufanayo, ukutshala imali ezikhungweni eziphephile ezihamba ngezinyawo nebhayisekili kunganikeza izinhlelo ezithelekayo ezingenakukwazi ukuthatha imoto. Umqondo ‘ wokuqeda imigwaqo impela izimoto, hhayi izimoto nje kuphela — ukuzuza igebesemgwaqweni njengendlela yokuthuthukisa ukulingana nokuzinza.

Isiphetho

Izinqumo zikahulumeni ziyizikhundla lapho imigwaqo yethu, amabhuloho, nezimiso zokuthutha zomphakathi zingenakweqiwa khona. Kusukela ekuboneni komthetho kokuqala kuya ezingqimbeni zokugcina ze-asphalt, isinyathelo ngasinye sihlanganisa ukukhetha okunquma ukuphepha, ukuphumelela, nokulunga kwendawo ezungezile eyakhiweyo. Ukubaluleka kwezezimali zezezimali, ubuphathi bemvelo, nobulungisa bezenhlalakahle yezenhlalo akubalulekile. Njengoba i-United States ibhekana nempahla yokuguga, ubuchwepheshe obusha obusha, nesimo sezulu esishintshayo, izinga lesinqumo sikahulumeni liyoba nesokwehluleka ukubhekana nako kunanini ngaphambili. Ukuhlelwa kwezentengosi, izinqubo ezibonisa ukuphakama, nokuzimisela kokwenza izinto zemvelo kubaluleke uma sisakha izakhiwo ezikhonza wonke amaMelika — hhayi nje namuhla, kodwa izizukulwane ezizayo., yenza, ukushintsha, ukuphatha nokulawula nokulawula kweminyaniswa kwemigwaqo futhi kunakho yonke imikhumbi esihamba kuyo.

Ukuze ufunde ngokwengeziwe, hlola ASCE 2021 Ikhadi Lemali Yokwaziswa , [[FLT]] I-Federal Highway Administration[[ imithombo yezimiso, kanye ne U.S.C.’S 'S Bipartis Impactrastrust yomthetho wokwaziswa .[FLT]