Isingeniso: Amandla Okusebenza Kwendawo Ezweni Elinamanzi Acindezelayo

Imithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile ingaphansi komfutho onamandla nokhulayo. Ukukhula kwenani labantu, ukukhuliswa kwezentengiselwano, ukuthuthukiswa kwezentengiselwano, kanye nokusheshisa kwemiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kubangela inkinga yamanzi embulungeni yonke. NgokweZizwe Ezihlangene, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili bahlala emazweni acindezeleke kakhulu amanzi. Nakuba imisebenzi emikhulu yezemisebenzi yezemisebenzi engokobuchwepheshe enjengeziko lezindawo zokuhlalisa imishini ibucayi, ngokuvamile iyashesha ukwakha, ibiza kakhulu, futhi ingabhekana nokumelana okuphawulekayo nezenhlalo nendawo ezungezile.

Kulokhu kusabela kulokhu kuqhekeka, ukuhamba okufanayo nokubalulekile kuyanda amandla: ukulondolozwa kwamanzi okungangeni manzi. Lokhu kuyizinyathelo zokuthatha isinyathelo lapho izakhamuzi zendawo, amaqembu endawo, abalimi, nabaholi bomdabu bathatha isinyathelo sokuhlola izinkinga zabo siqu zamanzi nokusebenzisa izixazululo ezilungisiwe. Ngokungafani nemizamo ephezulu ekhona, imizamo eqikelelwe umphakathi ihlakulela umuzwa ojulile wokuba nobunikazi, ukuziqhenya ngasendaweni, kanye nokuphathwa isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuguqula abathengi babe abaphathi bamanzi abakhuthele, bathuthukise isakhiwo esisuka emhlabathini phezulu. Ubufakazi bubonisa ukuthi lezi zinyathelo, uma zisekelwa kahle, zingaletha imiphumela ephawulekayo ngenxa yokuphepha kwamanzi, ukulondolozwa kwezomnotho, ukugcinwa kwezenhlalo, nokuhlala kwabantu.

Ukuchaza Ukulondolozwa Kwamanzi Okunomphakathi

Phakathi nendawo, ukulondolozwa kwamanzi okuhamba emphakathini kuyinqubo yokuzigcina. Ihamba ngaphandle kokucela abantu ukuba basebenzise amanzi ambalwa. Ibanika amandla okuklama, ukusebenzisa, nokusebenzisa amasu avumelana nezindawo zabo ezizungezile, amasiko, nezomnotho. Lokhu kungasukela ekuvuseleleni kabusha izakhiwo zokuvuthwa kwamanzi emvula zasendulo emaphandleni aseNdiya kuya ekuhleleni ukufakwa kwamanzi awenziwe endaweni ehlala i-dolophan Arizona.

Izimiso eziyinhloko ziyalihlukanisa kwezinye izindlela zokulondoloza imvelo:

  • Indawo ezungezile:[ Umphakathi, hhayi inxusa langaphandle, uqhubela phambili inqubo yokwenza izinqumo futhi unikeze umsebenzi oyinhloko noma imithombo.
  • Ulwazi oluhambisanayo: Luhlanganisa ulwazi olungokwendawo nesayensi yanamuhla, ludala amakhambi afanele isimo sezulu sendawo, ukwakheka kwezwe, kanye nokwakheka kwezenhlalo.
  • Umkhumbi nokugcinwa: Ngenxa yokuthi umphakathi unesigxobo somuntu siqu emphumeleni, basengozini kakhulu yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza nokugcinwa kwezimiso abazakhayo.
  • Ukufunda:[ Lezinyathelo zakha izithuba ezinamandla ukuze omakhelwane bahlanganyele ulwazi, bakhe ukwethembana, futhi bashintshe isimilo somphakathi ngokusetshenziswa kwamanzi.

Imidlalo Ehlekisayo: Izinhlobo Zomphakathi Ezingasetshenziswa

Ukulondoloza amanzi akuyona indlela yohlobo olulinganayo. Kuhlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi, kusukela ekushintsheni kokuziphatha okuthambile kuya emikhakheni enzima.

Imikhankaso Yokuziphatha Neyokufundisa

Lezi zinyathelo zigxile ekushintsheni imikhuba yomuntu ngamunye neyasekhaya, zisebenzisa ukucindezela komphakathi, ukuncintisana nobungane nemfundo ukuze zizuzise imiphumela.

  • [[[UMTL:0] Izinselele zamanzi asendaweni ebanzi:[ imiphakathi incintisana ukuze inciphise ukudla kwanyanga zonke, ilandelwe ngezindleko ze-ithilithi.
  • [ Izinhlelo zobumbambo: Izingane ziba "abaseshi bamanzi" ekhaya, zifundisa abazali bazo ngokuvuza nemikhuba ephumelelayo.
  • [ Izikhungo zomsebenzi ezihlangene: ochwepheshe bendawo bafundisa omakhelwane indlela yokufaka izinto ezisebenza kahle, ukufunda amamitha amanzi, noma ukusebenzisa ingadi yesomiso.

Izakhiwo Nezobuchwepheshe Ezakhelwe

Lena imisebenzi ethatha, egcina, futhi ephinda isebenzise amanzi endaweni. Idinga ukubambisana nokusetshenziswa kwemali.

  • Ukuvubukula i-RWH: imiphakathi yakha imithombo, izimiso zophahla, kanye namathangi angaphezulu. Ezifundeni zamanzi, i-RWH ingahlangabezana nezidingo eziningi zamanzi angekho endlini.
  • [ Izimiso ze-Greywater:[ amaqembu omakhelwane akha imiklamo evamile yokuphambukisa amanzi ukusuka ekusinkini, eshaweni, nasewashini wezingubo ukunisela uhlaza.
  • [[[NT] Imithombo ehlangene nePonds: Ukulondoloza noma ukubuyisela imithombo engajulile, i-seck dame, namachibi okuvuselela amanzi asemhlabeni.
  • [[[I-FLT:0] I-coops e-Drigation: amaqembu abalimi aqoqa imithombo ukuze athenge imishini esebenzayo yokunisela, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ezolimo ngokuphawulekayo.

Amakhambi Asekelwe Imvelo (Ukubuyiselwa Kwesimiso Semvelo)

Lezizindlela zisebenzisa izinqubo ezingokwemvelo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukutholakala kwamanzi nezinga lawo.

  • [ Ukubuyiselwa okungasheshiwe: izihlahla zezitshalo zomphakathi, ukwakha imisele emincane ehambayo, futhi ukususa izinhlobo eziphazamisayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukungena kwamanzi futhi kuncishiswe ukugeleza.
  • [ Ukudala iWetland: Ukulungisa indawo ebandayo esebenza njengendalo "isipongesi," ukuhluza izinto ezingcolisayo nokugcina amanzi ezikhukhula.
  • Izingadi ze-Rain:[ Izindawo ezisezindaweni ezizungezile zifaka ibhayoloji kanye nezingadi zemvula emigwaqweni ukuze kuthathwe amanzi esiphepho futhi kuvuselelwe amanzi angaphansi komhlaba.

Ukubusa Nesimiso

Ukusebenza komphakathi okuphumelelayo kuvame ukuholela ekushintsheni kwemithetho nezimiso zendawo. Imiphakathi yakha izinxulumani zabasebenzisi bamanzi noma amakomiti okuqondisa asebenza ngokuqondile ngemishini kamasipala.

  • [[[I-FLT:0]] Ama-User Association (WUA): amaqembu endawo athatha ukuphatha kwemisele yokunisela ngenkasa noma ukusakaza amanzi endaweni.
  • [ Izakhamuzi zihlola i-community-esekelwe ekuhlolweni: zihlola imifudlana yendawo futhi zibike ukwaziswa ukuze zigcine abangcolisi noma abasebenzisi becala.
  • Ukuzuza ama-Rebates: imikhandlu yamadolobha engenisa imikhandlu yezindawo ukuze ikwazi ukusekela imali engcono emathankini emvula noma ezintweni ezisebenza emanzini.

Imiphumela Nezinzuzo Ezibhalwe Kule Ndawo

Ukusuka ekufikeni phezulu kuya emotweni ehamba ngomphakathi kuveza izinzuzo eziningi ezingalungiseka ezidlula kude kakhulu amanzi alondoloziwe.

Ukuhamba Kwamanzi Nokuphepha

Lokhu kuwumgomo oyinhloko, futhi ukwaziswa kuyashukumisa. Izindawo ezithatha izinyathelo zokuzilondoloza ezisebenzayo zibona ukuncishiswa okukhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ukufinyelelwa okukhulu komphakathi emadolobheni anjengeMelbourne, e-Australia, kwasiza ekuqhubeni imoto ngesilinganiso se-mont % [[FLT]] phakathi nenkathi yeMinyaka Eyinkulungwane Yesithuthi. Esemaphandleni iRajasthanan, eNdiya, ukuvuselelwa kwenkambiso [[FLT:]johads [ (amadamu) aholela ekunyukeni [FLT:]] 6-meter [[FLT]] ematafuleni asendaweni yasekhaya, nasebuyileni ngasematafuleni asemamfuleni asemathubeni.

Ukulondoloza Kwezomnotho

Ukulondoloza amanzi ngokuvamile kungumthombo oshibhile kakhulu "wamanzi amasha". Imiphakathi, ukuncishiswa kokusetshenziswa kwemali kuguqula ngokuqondile izindleko zezethuthi. Ezingeni likamasipala, ukuhlehlisa noma ukuqeda isidingo semisebenzi eshintshwayo ebizayo (amadam, amapayipi, izikhungo zokususa indleko). Ukucwaninga kwe Pacific Institute nge "oft] ukuphatha amanzi kuveza ukuthi ukulondolozwa nokuphumelela kuyizindlela eziziizela kakhulu zokulinganisa izindleko zamanzi. Umphakathi onciphisa izindleko ezibiza izindleko ezinkulu zemali, izimali ezingabuyiselwa emuva ezinkonzweni zendawo.

Ukubambisana Nobuhlobo Nezibopho

Ukusebenza ndawonye ngenkinga engokoqobo, yendawo kwakha ukuthembana nenhloko- dolobha yomphakathi. Imisebenzi ehlanganisa izinhlangano ikhuthaza ukufunda phakathi kwezizukulwane futhi idala amathuba ahlelelwe omakhelwane ukuba baxhumane. Lomuzwa wokusebenza ngokuhlangene ."inkolelo yokuthi "singaxazulula izinkinga ndawonye""-_izinto ezingaphandle kwamanzi sizenza zibe nezinselele zomphakathi. Lemisebenzi ngokuvamile inika amaqembu angaphansi, ikakhulukazi abesifazane, ngokuvamile abangabaqondisi bamanzi abayinhloko emakhaya amazwe athuthukayo.

Ukubuyiselwa Kwendawo Ezungezile Nokuzinza Kwesimo Sezulu

Uma imiphakathi inciphisa ukumpompa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba nokuthatha amanzi emvula, inzuzo. Imifula ebuyiselwe nezindawo ezingamaxhaphozi zisekela izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ukukhuphuka komhlaba kuyasiza izihlahla zasedolobheni ukuba zihlale zivundile. Amakhambi asekelwe emvelweni, njengawokuvulela amahlathi akhucululwa umphakathi, awagcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukungena kwamanzi kodwa futhi anciphisa ikhaboni eyingozi yezikhukhula nezindawo ezishisayo. Lokhu kubangela isithiyo esibheke ekulweni kwenguquko yesimo sezulu.

Izifundo zecala elingokoqobo lezwe

Ukuze siqonde amandla ale ndlela, kuwusizo ukuhlola izibonelo ezithile lapho ukuthatha izinyathelo zomphakathi kuye kwashintsha khona ukulondeka kwamanzi.

URajasthan, ENdiya: Inkathi Yokuvuna Amanzi Engokwesiko

Izwe eliwugwadule laseRajasthan libhekene nokuntuleka kwamanzi okukhulu. Izimiso zamakoloni aseBrithani eziphethe amanzi phakathi, eziholela ekunganakwa nasekuboleni kwezakhiwo zokuvuna amanzi zasendulo, ezicwebezelayo ezaziwa ngokuthi johads. Ngawonyaka ka-1980, iNGO Tarun Bharat Sangh (TBS), eholwa uRajendra Singh (u-"Waterman waseNdiya", wasiza izakhamuzi zendawo esifundeni sase-Alwar ukuba zivuse lesisakhiwo sezwe.

Abakhi bamadolobha banikela ngomsebenzi owenziwe ngemisebenzi kanye nezinto zendawo zokwakha amadamu odongwe athatha iziphepho. Kwakhiwa amajohads [ ngaphesheya koMfula i-Arvari. Imiphumela yaba yinguquko. UMfula i-Arvari, owawususumile amashumi eminyaka, waqala ukugeleza ngokuqhubekayo. Amazinga amanzi enhlabathi anyuka, akhuphuka, akhuliswa futhi amadolobhana ayencikene nemikhumbi yamanzi kahulumeni eyayinogada ngonyaka wonke. Umphakathi awuzange wakhe amadamu; wakha i-Arvari River River Plameter, i-palementose, i-mkhamzimbuluko yomphakathi ephakemeyo yonke indawo. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwemisebenzi yendawo yendawo yasekhaya kuvusenelisa yonke indawo.

Tucson, e - Arizona: Umkhuba Wasogwadule Wokuvuna Amanzi

ESonoran Desert, uTucson uthola imvula engaphansi kwamasentimitha angu-10 ngonyaka futhi uthembele kakhulu eMfuleni weColorado othelwe kakhulu. Umzabalazo onamandla womphakathi, oholwa yizinhlangano ezinjenge Waterted Management Group (WMG)[FLG], usebenze amashumi eminyaka ukuze ushintshe izinga lamanzi edolobha. WMG wadala i-"scopt cop" isifanekiso sokuvuna amanzi lapho omakhelwane besebenza ndawonye ukumisa imithombo, izivande, nezimiso zemvula ekhaya elilodwa. Abanikazi bakhokhela izinto zokwakha, futhi i-copt nikeza umsebenzi.

Lomzamo wezimpande zemvula uye waphumelela kakhulu kangangokuba iye yalungisa futhi isimiso sedolobha. Manje uTucson ugunyaza ukuba intuthuko yezentengiselwano isebenzise ukuvunwa kwamanzi ukuze ihlangabezane namaphesenti angu-50 amanzi awo adingayo okulungisa izihlahla. Idolobha linikeza ama - rebite (aya kuya ku-R2,000) emathankini emvula ahlala khona. Izinkulungwane zezakhiwo manje zithatha amanzi ophahleni lwazo. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukushintshwa kwempucuko kuye kwenzeka: amanzi awabonwa njengemfucumfucu enci ukuze akhiswe, kodwa njengempahla eyigugu okufanele ithathwe futhi isetshenziswe endaweni ethile. Ikhono lobuchwepheshe bomphakathi nokusetshenziswa kwemiphakathi kwezindawo ezihlala khona.

IMelbourne, e - Australia: IMibungu Yezenhlalo Nenkathi Yeminyaka Eyinkulungwane Yesomiso

I-Millennium Drought yase-Australia (cishe ngo-1997 kuya ku-2009) kwakuyisixwayiso esiqinile sesimo sekusasa elibi kakhulu. Njengoba amadamu ayencipha kakhulu, uhulumeni wasebenzisa imingcele yamanzi eqinile. Nakuba uhulumeni wabeka imithetho, kwakuwumphakathi owawenza anamathela. Amaqembu endawo yendawo, ama-albudi, ne "Water Gorder" zaguqula i-socity yaba inqubo enamandla yezenhlalo.

Abantu bafaka amathangi emvula namapayipi akhubazayo emikhunjini. "Izimo ezibonisa isikhathi esiphansi" zaba yizinto ezivamile. Omakhelwane babikana ngokuhamba emigwaqweni ehambayo. Lokhu kugcinwa kwezenhlala - kahle nokusekelana kwahamba ngezikhathi ezihlangene kusuka kumathangi angaphezu kuka-300 ngosuku kuya emadolobheni ahambayo ngokulunga 155 ngosuku [. Izifundo ezafundwa phakathi nenhlekelele azizange ziphele lapho isomiso siphela. Namuhla, iMelbourne ihlala ingeli eyodwa yamadolobha ahamba amanzi kakhulu emhlabeni, i-tectal enzimbeni yomphakathi.

Ukubhekana Nezinselele Nezithiyo

Nakuba amandla okuwasebenzisa enkulu, ukulondoloza amanzi okuhamba emphakathini kunezithiyo zakho. Ukuvuma nokusingatha lezinselele kuyisihluthulelo sokukhuphula lemizamo.

Ukuxhasa Nokuchuma

Amaqembu amaningi anezimpande alwa nodwendwe "lomsebenzi wokuzingela". Angabonisa impumelelo elinganisweni encane kodwa antula amandla enhloko- dolobha nakwenhlangano ukwandisa lonke idolobha elinamanzi. Imali ngokuvamile iyisikhashana futhi isekelwe kumsebenzi, okwenza kube nzima ukugcina izinduku nokugcina amandla. Izinqubo zezezimali zesikhathi eside, njengezibonelelo zezezinkonzo zamanzi noma iminikelo kahulumeni yokwakha isakhiwo somphakathi, zibalulekile.

Izithiyo Ezilawula Uhulumeni Nezokuqondisa

Okusebenza emphakathini ngokuvamile kungqubuzana nemithetho ekhona kanye nemithetho yamapayipi amanzi. Emadolobheni amaningi, izimiso zamanzi ampunga zilinganiselwe kakhulu noma zidinga izimvume ezibizayo eziklanyelwe imisebenzi emikhulu yezentengiselwano. Ukuvunwa kwe-interterter kunganqandwa imithetho ehlela izinto ezisemgangathweni zamanzi. Amaqembu omphakathi aphumelelayo ngokuvamile adinga ukuchitha isikhathi esiphawulekayo namandla ekuhleleni kabusha ukuze adale indawo ekwazi ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo ezifanele.

Ukuhlanganyela Okuqinisekisa Ukungavumelani Nokuhlanganyela Ngokufanele

Imiphakathi ayiwona amaqembu ahlekisayo, amaqembu anezikhundla. Amandla asekelwe esigabeni, ngokwesigaba, ubulili, noma ubuzwe angasusa abasengozini kakhulu ekwenzeni izinqumo. Umsebenzi wokuvuna amanzi owakhiwa abaninimakhaya abacebile ungasusa ukucindezela komphakathi otholakele oseduze. Imizamo ephumelelayo yomphakathi esebenzela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abesifazane, abaqashi, amaqembu abomdabu, nabampofu banezwi elinenjongo ekuhleleni nasekusebenziseni izinqubo ezizuzisayo.

Ubuchwepheshe Bokuhlolela Nokuhlola

Ithangi lamanzi emvula noma idamu elingenziwanga kahle lingahluleka, licindezele imizamo yesikhathi esizayo. Izindawo zidinga ukuqeqeshwa kobuchwepheshe nokusekelwa okuqhubekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulinganisa ithonya langempela lemisebenzi emincane, esakazwayo kunzima. Ngaphandle kokwaziswa okuqinile ngokuthi amanzi angakanani alondolozwayo noma amanzi angaphansi komhlaba agcwaliswayo, kungaba nzima ukuthethelela ukuqhubekeka kokutshala imali. Izinhlelo zesayensi yezakhamuzi namathuluzi okuhlola amanani anele (njengamamitha amanzi acwebene) ziyingxenye ebalulekile yekhambi.

Indlela Engaphambili: Ukuphakama Nokujula Komphumela

Ikusasa lokuphatha amanzi kumelwe libe phezulu futhi libe nendawo ephezulu. Ukulondoloza umphakathi akusiwo umthatheli indawo yezimiso eziphakathi, kodwa umngane ogxekayo kuzo. Izimo eziningana zizosheshisa lenhlangano.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwamanzi acabangayo: Ama-athomu amanzi angaphambili ayaqaphela ukuthi awakwazi ukufinyelela izisulu zawo zokuzilondoloza ngaphandle kokusekela kwemiphakathi abakhonza kuyo. Amapulani awenziweyo agcizelela indima yabafaki-mathingi bendawo. Ukwenza izakhiwo ezisemthethweni zokuzilungisa kanye nemisebenzi yomphakathi ejabulisayo kuyimali engcono kakhulu egciniwe ye-Provicess.

Amathuluzi e-Community Action: Ukwanda kwezinzwa eziphansi nezinhlelo ze-meter zinganika i-octal i-miphakathi i-data. Iqembu lendawo manje lingahlola izinga lamanzi angempela asetshenziswayo esakhiweni somphakathi noma emikhondweni yamanzi angaphansi kwamanzi endaweni yalo. Lokhu kwakha ukwethembana futhi kuvumela amaqembu ukubona imiphumela eqondile yemizamo yawo.

Ukuhlobana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu: Njengoba isimo sezulu sivame kakhulu, isimo sezulu esibuswa umphakathi sibuye sitholakale (njengokubuyisela izindawo ezibandayo zasemadolobheni noma ukwakha izinga lemvula) kunikeza indlela ephansi yokulawula izikhukhula nokunciphisa imiphumela yeziqhingi zokushisa kwasemadolobheni. Lokhu kudala indlela "inzuzo engcono" ekhanga kakhulu kubantu abahlala emapaki, eminyangweni yezempilo yomphakathi ukuya emapaki.

Ukuhlobisa esizukulwaneni esilandelayo: Izinhlelo zokulondoloza amanzi ezisekelwe esikoleni zitshala imbewu yomphakathi wesikhathi esizayo okwazisa kakhulu amanzi. Lapho izingane zifunda ukuvuna imvula noma ukuhlola izinga lemifudlana yendawo, zifaka lololwazi nezimiso ekuphileni kwazo kobudala.

Isiphetho: Izakhamuzi Ezinamandla Zakha Ukulondeka Kwamanzi Okunamandla

Isifundo esiyinhloko esisuka emashumini eminyaka yomsebenzi wamanzi owenziwe ngotshani sicacile: abantu bayinto evuselelwa kakhulu emjikelezweni wamanzi. Izakhiwo eziphezulu phansi zenza izakhiwo ezibalulekile, kodwa kusetshenziswa umphakathi ukuthatha izinyathelo ezakha ukuqina, ukwethemba, nemikhuba yokuziphatha edingekayo ukuze kuqondiswe ikusasa lokungaqiniseki kwamanzi. Lezi zinyathelo zibonisa ukuthi intengo yamanzi egciniwe ingenzeka, ngokuvamile ngengxenye yezindleko zemisebenzi emisha, kuyilapho kuqinisa indwangu yezindawo zomphakathi nezindawo ezihlala kuzo.

Kohulumeni, i-NGOS, kanye nezithiyo zamanzi, indlela ihlanganisa ukusuka ekuqondiseni ingqondo elawulayo kuya ekusebenziseni kanye nasekulawuleni. Yipha ukusekela kobuchwepheshe. Umbuso womphakathi uyakwazi ukuphatha. Susa imingcele yomthetho. Thembela ulwazi lwendawo. Imiphumela ebhalwe emhlabeni wonke. Ibhalwe phansi ukusuka emifuleni evuselelwe ye-Rajastan ukuya ezigadinini ezinamanzi zase-Tucson naseMelbourne-cheh, uqinisekisa ukuthi uma ufaka embusweni womphakathi, uvula amandla ahlala njalo okulondoloza amanzi kanye nempilo yeplanethi.