Ukuqonda Iziphendu Zomthetho - sisekelo

Ukulungiswa komthetho-mthetho kungushintsho olungokomthetho noma ukwenezela ekwakheni kwezwe noma kwezwe ibhukwana lomthetho. Ngokungafani nomthetho ovamile, ongadluliswa noma ulungiswe ngevoti elula endikimbeni yemithetho, ukuguqulwa komthetho-sisekelo kuklanyelwe ukuba kuqine kakhulu futhi kube nzima ukukuguqula. Lokhu kunenkinga eyengeziwe ngoba umthetho-sisekelo uphakeme wezwe (iwumisa uhlelo lwayo yonke eminye imithetho kanye nemibuso kahulumeni). Ukuwulungisa kufanele udingenele ukuvumelana okukhulu nokucabangela nokucabangelana ngamabomu. Inqubo ihluka kakhulu emazweni namazwe ahlukene, kodwa isimiso sihlala sinjalo: umthetho-mthetho-sisekelo akumelwe ushintshwe emgceni.

Izinguquko zokuqala eziyishumi zoMthetho-sisekelo wase-United States, ezaziwa njenge-Bill of Rights, zinikeza isibonelo esiyisisekelo sendlela ukulungisa kungandisa ngayo inkululeko yomuntu siqu. Lokhu kulungisa, kuhlanganise nenkululeko yokukhuluma, inkolo, nelungelo lokuphatha izikhali, zenezelwa ngokushesha ngemva kokuba uMthetho-sisekelo wokuqala ugunyaziwe ukuxoxa ngezinkinga eziphathelene namandla kahulumeni. Ngokufanayo, iSichibiyelo sekhulu le-13 saqeda ubugqila, kanye neSichibiyelo se-19 sanika abesifazane ilungelo lokuvota. Ngamunye walaba wamelela ukushintshwa okubalulekile kwesivumelwano sezenhlalo futhi wadinga inqubo eqinile yokuvunyelwa.

Kulelozinga likahulumeni e-U.S., imithetho-mthetho ivame ukulungiswa kaningi kakhulu kunomthetho-sisekelo kahulumeni. Izifundazwe eziningi zivumela abavoti ukuba bahlongoze futhi bavumele ukumiswa ngokuqondile ngokuthatha isinyathelo, kuholele ekuthatheni indawo enamandla kakhulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi ephikiswayo. Ukuqonda lenqubo akuyona nje indlela yokufundela imfundo; kuthinta ngokuqondile indlela ovota ngayo ezindinganisweni zokuvota ezingashintsha ukubusa kombuso wakho, isimiso sentela, noma amalungelo omphakathi.

Inqubo Yesichibiyelo

Ukuvinjelwa Okuyimpoqo

Isinyathelo sokuqala kunoma isiphi isikhalazo yisiphakamiso. Kukhona izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko ukulungisa okungahlongozwa ngazo: ngendikimba yemithetho noma ngomhlangano womthetho-sisekelo. E-United States, i-amente yokulungisa ingahlongozwa ngevoti eyizingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu eMfuleni wabameleli naseSigqeni, noma ngomhlangano wesizwe obizwa yi-Congress ngokucela izishaya-zindlu zombuso ezimbili-ntathu. Lendlela yamuva ayizange isetshenziswe ezingeni likahulumeni, kodwa ihlala iyindlela yomthetho-mthetho.

Esilinganisweni sikahulumeni, imithetho-mthetho eminingi ivumela futhi indlela yesithathu: isakhamuzi. Ezifundeni njengeCalifornia, Florida, ne-Arizona, abavoti ngokwabo bangacela ukushintshwa komthetho-sisekelo ngokuqoqa inani elanele lezicelo. Lenqubo idlula isishaya-mthetho futhi ibeke imvume ngokuqondile kuvoti ukuze ithole imvume. Nakuba lokhu kunikeza izakhamuzi ithuluzi elinamandla lentando yeningi, futhi kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngezinga lokuhlela izicelo zemvume nethonya lamaqembu enzalo elungile.

Ukuvinjelwa Kwemisebe

Uma nje kuhlongozwa, ukulungisa kumelwe kugunyazwe. Ngezinga likahulumeni, ukudilizwa kudinga ukuvunyelwa yizindlu zombuso ezintathu ezine. Okanye, iSishaya-mthetho singasho ukuthi ukuvuselelwa kwenziwe ngemihlangano egunyazayo kahulumeni, njengoba kwakunjalo ngeSichibiyelo sekhulu lama-21 esaphela iProjini. Lesi simiso semiphando emibili siqinisekisa ukuthi ukubuyiselwa kunesisekelo esibanzi futhi izombangazwe ziqala ukuba umthetho.

Izinqubo zokulungisa isilinganiso sikahulumeni ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. Ezinye izigaba zidinga ukuvunyelwa yiningi labavoti abavamile. Abanye badinga ukumiswa okukhulu kakhulu (ngokuvamile) ukuze kudluliswe imithetho yezwe lakho (60% noma ngaphezulu). Izigaba ezimbalwa zidinga imvume eziqediwe ezinhlanganweni ezimbili ezilandelanayo zendlu yomthetho ngaphambi kokuba iye ekuvoti, noma idinge iningi lamavoti akhankanyiwe kukhetho olukhethekile kunanoma oluvamile. Ukuqonda imithetho kazwelonke kubalulekile ngoba zinquma ukuthi ivoti yakho siqu ithwala isilinganiso esingakanani enqulweni yokuvota enqunyweni.

Isikhathi Nendlela Yokusebenzisa

I-sigqebhezana sonyaka kusukela ekuhlolweni kuya ekugudluzweni singaqala ngezinyanga kuya eminyakeni. Ezinye izinguquko zihlanganisa izinsuku ezithile zokusetshenziswa noma ulimi olushintshiwe, kuyilapho ezinye zithatha ukusebenza ngokushesha lapho kugunyazwa ukuvota. Akuyona into engavamile ukuba ukushintshwa kubhekane nezinselele ezingokomthetho ngemva kokudluliswa kwendima, kungaba ngezizathu ezingokwemiqondo noma ngemiqondo yazo ngaphansi koMthetho-sisekelo wezwe. Amavoter kumelwe azi ukuthi ngisho nangemva kokuvunyelwa, ukubuyiselwa kungaqhubeki ukusebenza ngokuphelele kuze kube yilapho ukubukezwa komthetho kuphelele.

Okwenza Izinqumo Zomthetho - sisekelo Zibaluleke Kubezivocavoci

Izinguquko ze-Constitution ziyingqayizivele ngoba ziguqula imithetho eyisisekelo yomphakathi. Uma uvota ngokulungisa, awumane nje ukhetha indlela yokukhetha okumelwe ilandelwe ngayo; unquma ukuthi izinqumo zesimiso sesikhathi esizayo ziyokwenziwa kanjani. Ngokwesibonelo, inguquko edinga ukuvota okukhulu kumthetho omkhulu ukuze kushintshwe ukushintsha yonke inqubo yokuhlela imali iminyaka. Ukulungisa okubangela ukuba kukhishwe izisu noma ukuba ne-gasmes zomthetho-mthetho we-sigqeqebhene kungavikela ukuthi ukuvota okungahlengi okungashintsha ukumiswa kwemithetho yemithetho ye-mthetho esikhathini esizayo. Ukushintsha kokuthi imikhanka yokuvota kungathinta ukulingana kwesimiso sezentengo yezombangazwe iminyaka eyishumi noma ngaphezulu.

Ngenxa yokuthi kunzima ukuguqula, imiphumela yayo ihlala isikhathi eside. Ukulungisa okungagunyaziwe kungadala ukudideka komthetho, kubangele ukubiza, noma kuveze imiphumela okunzima ukuyilungisa. Abashicileli banomthwalo wemfanelo wokubheka ngalé kweziqu zomkhankaso nezikhangiso nokuqonda lokho okushiwo nakwenziwa yile nguquko.

Izibonelo Zezichibiyelo Eziphakeme

Cabangela izibonelo ezilandelayo ezingokoqobo zezwe ezibonisa uchungechunge lwalokho ushintsho olungakwenza:

  • I-California's Procement 13 (1978): Lentengo yempahla enqanyuliwe kanye nonyuko olulinganiselwe lwaminyaka yonke. Yashintsha kakhulu isimo sikahulumeni futhi yaholela emashumini eminyaka enkulumo mayelana nokuxhasa izikole nezinkonzo zendawo.
  • Isichibiyeli so-Florida's 4 (2018): Lokhu kubuyiselwa kwamalungelo okuvota kubantu abangaphezu ko-1.4 000 abanecala langaphambi kokuba baqede imigwebo yabo. Kwakuwukwanda okuphawulekayo kwamalungelo okuvota futhi kwakudinga ukuthatha isinyathelo sokumisa okulandelayo ukuze kucaciswe ukumiswa kwemithetho.
  • Isichibiyeli somshado saseNorth Carolina (202): Lokhu kulungisa umshado kuchazwa njengowendoda eyodwa nowesifazane oyedwa kumthetho-sisekelo kahulumeni. Kamuva kwaphequlwa ngesinqumo senkantolo kahulumeni, kodwa kubonisa indlela ukulungisa okungahlanganisa ngayo izimiso zezenhlalo eziphikiswayo.

Ngasinye salezi zibonelo sibonisa ukuthi izinguquko zinemiphumela engokoqobo, engenakulungiseka ekuphileni kwabantu. Abaqondisi abanolwazi olungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izinguquko zifeza injongo yazo ehloselwe ukufezeka kunokuba zibangele izinkinga ezintsha.

Izindlela Eziyinhloko Zokucabangela Abaqophi Bemali Lapho Bebhekene Nesichibiyelo

Funda Umbhalo Ongokomthetho

Ulimi lwebhola lungadukisa. Inkampano ngokuvamile isebenzisa izifushaniso ezithinta imizwelo ezigcizelela imigomo ethandwayo kuyilapho ifihla izinqubo ezingathandwa kakhulu. Umthombo wokwaziswa okuwukuphela kwawo othembekile umbhalo ophelele wesilungisi esihlongozwayo, esivame ukutholakala ehhovisi lokhetho likahulumeni noma ehhovisi lomphathi wolwazi osemthethweni. Yifunde ngokucophelela, futhi uma kudingeka, hlola izincazelo zamagama angokomthetho. Uma umbhalo ude noma uyinkimbinkimbi, funa ukufingqa okungathathiwe yimithombo ethembekile njengeNhlangano yabesifazane Voters noma izikhungo zomthetho.

Zazi Ukuthi Obani Abasekelayo Nabaphikisayo

Ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlangano, amaqembu ezithakazelo, nezikhulu zezombangazwe ezisekela noma eziphikisayo ezingakutshela okuningi ngemiphumela engenzeka. Zibuze: Ubani ozuzayo kulokhu kulungisa? Ubani oxhasa izikhangiso zomkhankaso? Kukhona ukusekela okubanzi, noma ingabe ukulungisa kusekelwa ngokuyinhloko iqembu elilodwa noma iqembu elilodwa lenzalo? Iziphendu ezisekelwa kakhulu yimifelandawonye ehlukahlukene zivame (kungaba njalo) zisebenza ngokunakekela nangokuzuzisa kakhulu.

Cabanga Ngemiphumela Engahlosiwe

Ngisho nezinguquko eziqondiswe kahle zingaba nemiphumela engalindelekile. Ngokwesibonelo, ushintsho olugunyaza ukuhlelwa kwemali elinganiselwe yombuso lungase luzwakale lunesibopho esiqinile, kodwa lungaphoqelela futhi ukuba kuncishiswe izinkonzo ezidingekile phakathi nokuntengantenga kwezimali. Ukulungiswa okubeka imingcele ebekwe imingcele enqubeni yemithetho kunganciphisa ithonya lezemisebenzi yezombangazwe, kodwa futhi kunganciphisa ulwazi lwamandla angokwezezimali kanye namandla okushintshwa abangenisi abangenisi nababekiwe. U Voter kufanele acabange ngemiphumela yesibili yenzuzo yokunciphiswa kwemali futhi acabange ukuthi izindlela ezingenyekayo, njengomthetho ovamile, zingayifinyelela umgomo ofanayo ngokuvumelana kakhulu.

Ukuqonda Ukuthi Ungakwazi Yini Ukudlula

Yazi izinga lokuvunyelwa kwevoti elidingekayo esifundeni sakho. Ezinye izigodlo zidinga iningi elivamile, ezinye zidinga ukuvunyelwa okukhulu kakhulu, futhi ezinye zidinga ukuvunyelwa kokhetho oluningi. Lomnyango uthinta inqubo yomkhankaso: uma kufunwa umnyango omkhulu, inguquko idinga ukusekelwa okukhulu. Kusho futhi ukuthi umkhankaso wokuphikiswa othuthukisiwe ungavimbela ukulungiswa ngesilinganiso esincane kakhulu samavoti. Ukuqonda imithetho kukusiza ukuba uchaze imiphumela yokuvota futhi usho ukuthi imvume ihamba yini.

Indima Yabavoli Enqubweni Yesichibiyelo

Abavoti abathatheli phambili izinguquko zomthetho-sisekelo; ezifundazweni eziningi, bahlanganyela ngentshiseko. Uma uvota ngesilinganiso sokusebenza komthetho-sisekelo, usebenza njengesishayamthetho womthetho-mthetho. Lona umthwalo ongathi sína. Ukuvota kwakho ekulungiseni kuthwala ubunzima obungaphezulu kunabo ovotayo ku-mvoti noma emthethweni ovamile ngoba umphumela kunzima ukuguqula. Ezizweni eziningi, indlela yokulungisa inguquko yomthetho-sisekelo iwukudlula enye inqubo engathatha iminyaka eminingi.

Lamandla asho futhi ukuthi abavoti kumelwe bazinike isikhathi sokuzifundisa. Ukuthembela kuphela ezikhangisweni zethelevishini, izimemezelo zeposi, noma izikhungo zezokuxhumana kuyingozi, njengoba le mithombo ngokuvamile iklanyelwe ukuthonya kunokuba yaziswe. Kunalokho, funa ukuhlaziya okungathathi hlangothi emithonjeni enjengale Baballotepia[, enikeza imininingwane, engahlanganisiwezo ezinyathelo zombhedengu webhola ezweni lonke. Ibhodi yomhleli wephephandaba lakini lakini futhi inganikeza ukuhlaziya okuwusizo, nakuba kufanele uqaphele noma yikuphi ukuthambekela kwezombangazwe eziko.

Umthwalo Wokukhiqiza Okungakaqondi

Ukungaqondi ukuthi yini oyivotayo kungalimaza yona kanye indlela yokulawula othembele kuyo. Abavoti abangafundile bathambekele kakhulu ekukhulumeni okudukisayo komkhankaso, ukuqamba amagama okukodwa, nokuthumela imiyalezo esekelwe ekwesabeni. Bangase bavote bevuna ukuvumelana okungcono kodwa okusizayo kodwa eqinisweni kululaza amalungelo noma ukusebenza kahle, noma bangavota ngokumelene nokulungisa okunganikeza intuthuko edingekile. Okhethweni abaseduze, inani elincane lamavoti angawuthola umehluko phakathi kokungena nokwehluleka. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela isithakazelo sakho siqu kanye nesomphakathi kukusebenzisa isikhathi sokufunda ngaphambi kokuba uvote.

Izinganekwane Ezivamile Ngeziphendulo Zomthetho - sisekelo

Izinganekwane eziningana eziphikelelayo ngoshintsho zingadukisa abavoti.

  • Myth tamil: Iziphendu zihlale zandisa amalungelo. Empeleni, izinguquko zingawalinganisela futhi amalungelo. Ngokwesibonelo, ezinye izinguquko zinamalungelo omshado alinganiselwe, zibekelwe imingcele yezindlela ezithile zokukhuluma, noma imingcele yokuvota. Njalo funda umbhalo ukuze ubone ukuthi ungenzani ngempela.
  • Myth # 2] Uma ukudluliswa kwenguquko, indaba ixazululwa unomphela. Nakuba kunzima ukushintsha kunemithetho, abagonyelwa ekubukezweni kokwahlulela noma ekulungisweni okulandelayo. Umthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S. uguquliwe izikhathi ezingu-7, futhi imithetho-mthetho eminingi yombuso iye yalungiswa izikhathi ezingamakhulu amaningi. Akukho kubuyiselwa okuhlala njalo.
  • Myth #3: ivoti ihlala ingukhetho oluqhubekayo, futhi akukhovoti ehlala ithatha indawo. Lokhu kuvota kulula kakhulu. Iziphenduzeko zivela kuzo zonke izici zemibono. Yebo ukuvota ekulungiseni intela kungabhekwa njengokungaguquguquki, kuyilapho ivoti ekuvotelweni kwenkokhelo elinganiselwe ingaba yintuthuko. Eva akwahluleki ukuvumelana nokufaneleka kwayo, hhayi ngelelento yezombangazwe.
  • Myth #4: Uma ungaqondi ukuguqulwa, vota ungayidlali ngendlela ephephile. Lena icebo elivamile, kodwa ayizwakali njalo. Ezinye iziphakamiso ezicindezelayo ezidinga ikhambi. Ukungaqapheli kungalondoloza isimo, kodwa isimo ngokwaso singaba yinkinga. Kunalokho, zinike isikhathi sokuzinika ulwazi, noma ufune ukutusa okuthenjwayo ezinhlanganweni nikuhlonipha.

Isiphetho

Izinguquko zomthetho-mthetho zingamathuluzi anamandla okulungisa umthetho oyisisekelo wesizwe noma umbuso. Zingavikela amalungelo, zithuthukise ukubusa, futhi zivumelanise umthetho-sisekelo nezimo ezishintshayo. Kodwa zingadala futhi ukuqina, ziveze imiphumela engalindelekile, noma zisetshenziswe ukuqhubekisela phambili izithakazelo ezilinganiselwe. Njengomvoti, indima yakho enqubeni yokulungisa ilungile futhi inomthwalo wemfanelo. Ngokuqonda indlela yokulungisa umsebenzi, ukufunda umbhalo ongokoqobo, ukuhlaziya izimpikiswano, nokucabangela imiphumela emide, ungavota ngokunikeza imvume ewusizo emphakathini.

Phambi kokhetho olulandelayo, zinike isikhathi sokubukeza izinyathelo ze-bolot ezizobekwa phambi kwakho. Hamba webhusayithi yehhovisi lokhetho lombuso, funda iziqondiso zomvoti osemthethweni, futhi uthinta imithombo engaphathi-buparti enjenge i-National Conference of State Legislatures yesizinda sezindlela ezifanayo zokulungisa. Uma usondela edwa, ngeke uhlonyiselwe ukuvota, kodwa ukuvota ngokuhlakanipha ngemibuzo ethinta ikusasa lomphakathi wakho. Umzamo owufaka ekuqondeni i-antementmentments ezinengqondo kakhulu ungawenza ukuze ube isakhamuzi esilwazini.