Table of Contents
Ukuqonda Amalungelo Akho Omphakathi: Isisekelo Sokuhlanganyela Ngokwentando Yeningi
Kumphakathi wentando yeningi, amalungelo omphakathi asebenza njengesisekelo senkululeko yomuntu ngamunye nentuthuko ehlangene. Lezisivikelo eziyisisekelo ziqinisekisa ukuthi isakhamuzi ngasinye singahlanganyela ngokugcwele ekuphileni komphakathi, siveze imibono yaso ngaphandle kokwesaba, futhi siphishekele amathuba kungakhathaliseki isizinda saso. Ukuqonda amalungelo enu omphakathi akuyona nje indlela yemfundo kuphela, kuyisici esibalulekile sezakhamuzi ezikhuthele ezinika abantu amandla okuhlela imiphakathi yabo nezinhlangano ukuba ziyolandisa.
Kusukela egumbini lokuvota ukuya enkantolo, kusukela ekubhikisheni ngokuthula kuya ekuhlelweni komphakathi, kunezindlela eziningi abantu abangawasebenzisa ngazo amalungelo abo futhi basekele ubulungisa. Lesiqondiso esibanzi sihlola izenzo ezingokoqobo izakhamuzi ezingazenza ukuze zivikele inkululeko yomphakathi, zithuthukise ukulingana, futhi ziqinise izinhlangano zentando yeningi ekuphileni kwazo kwansuku zonke.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usanda kuthembisana ngomphakathi noma ungumshisekeli onokuhlangenwe nakho, kubalulekile ukuqonda ingqikithi yamalungelo akho nezinqubo ezitholakalayo zokuwavikela. izingxenye ezilandelayo ziyokunika ulwazi namathuluzi adingekayo ukuze ube umsekeli ophumelelayo wamalungelo omphakathi emphakathini wakini nangalé kwawo.
Isisekelo: Yazi Amalungelo Akho Omthetho - sisekelo
UMthetho-sisekelo wase-United States kanye nezinguquko zawo zimisa uhlelo lwamalungelo ayisisekelo avikela izakhamuzi ekuphathweni uhulumeni futhi aqinisekise ukuphathwa ngendlela efanayo ngaphansi komthetho. Ukujwayelana nalezi sivikelo kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile sokuhlanganyela komphakathi nokuzimela.
Inkululeko Yokuchithwa Kokuqala
IsiHluzi sokuqala siqinisekisa ezinye zenkululeko ethandwa kakhulu eMelika ebusa ngentando yeningi. ivikela ilungelo lakho lokuveza imibono, ukugxeka izenzo zikahulumeni, nokuhlanganyela enkulumweni yasobala ngaphandle kokucusumbula noma ukuziphindiselela. Lesivikelo sihlanganisa inkulumo engokomfanekiso, njengokufaka izibambo zengalo noma ukubonisa izimpawu, kanye nokukhulumisana ngamazwi nokubhala.
Inkululeko yomhleli iqinisekisa ukuthi izintatheli nezinhlangano zemithombo yezindaba zingahlola futhi zibike izindaba ezithakazelela umphakathi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa kukahulumeni. Lelilungelo libalulekile ekulondolozeni ukubonakala nokulandisa ezinhlanganweni zentando yeningi.
[ Inkululeko yenkolo[ ihlanganisa kokubili ilungelo lokusebenzisa ukholo lwakho nesivikelo kuhulumeni osungulwe inkolo. Unelungelo lokukhulekela ngokwezinkolelo zakho, noma ukungabi nankolo, ngaphandle kokubhekana nobandlululo noma ukuphoqelelwa.
[ Inkululeko yokuhlangana [ ivikela ilungelo lakho lokuhlangana ngokuthula nabanye ekubhikisheni, imiboniso, noma emihlanganweni. Lelilungelo libalulekile ezimpilweni zomphakathi ezifuna ukusingatha ukungalungi nokusekela ushintsho.
Ilungelo lokucela uhulumeni likuvumela ukuba ucele isenzo esingokomthetho kuzikhulu ezikhethiwe nakuzinhlangano zikahulumeni. Lokhu kungathatha izindlela eziningi, kusukela ekusayineni izicelo zokufaka izikhalo ezingokomthetho noma ukumangalela izinhlangano zikahulumeni.
Ukufuna Amalungelo Nokuhlanganyela Kwezombangazwe
Ilungelo lokuvota mhlawumbe liyisibonakaliso esiyisisekelo sobuzwe ekubusweni kwentando yeningi. Izinguquko eziningi zomthetho-sisekelo ziye zandisa futhi zavikela lelilungelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Isichibiyeli seshumi elinesihlanu senqabela ukunqatshelwa ilungelo lokuvota ngokusekelwe embangweni, kuyilapho iSichibiyelo seshumi elinesishiyagalo seSikhathi seSiphendu sandisa amalungelo okuvota kwabesifazane. ISichibiyeli samashumi amabini anesithupha sehlisa ukuvota sifike eminyakeni eyishumi nesishiyagalombili, futhi iSichibiyelo seMithelo se-Fourth seNguquko sasusa intela yenhlawulo.
Ukuqonda amalungelo akho okuvota kuhlanganisa ukwazi izimfuneko zokubhalisa ezweni lakho, uhlobo lokwazi ongase ulubeke ezindaweni zokuvota, amalungelo akho uma ubhekana nezinkinga lapho uvota, nesivikelo ekusatshiswani ngabavoti. Izifundazwe eziningi zinikeza futhi amalungelo okungasebenza ngesikhathi sokuvota nendawo yokuhlala yabavoti abakhubazekile.
Isivikelo Esilinganayo Ngaphansi KoMthetho
ISichibiyelo seshumi nane seSiphendulo Esihlangene no-Exchange u-Claus sidinga ukuba kunikezwe isivikelo esilinganayo ngaphansi komthetho kubo bonke abantu abangaphansi kwegunya labo. Lesi simiso esiyisisekelo sinqabela ubandlululo lwezinhlangano zikahulumeni ezisekelwe ngokohlanga, umsuka wesizwe, inkolo, nezinye izici ezivikelwe. Bekuyisisekelo esingokomthetho sezinqumo zamalungelo omphakathi angokomhlaba, kuhlanganise nokungahlangani kwesikole nokuqaphela ukulingana komshado.
Isivikelo esilinganayo sidlulela nasezingxenyeni eziningi zokuphila komphakathi, kuhlanganise nemfundo, umsebenzi, indawo yokuhlala, nokuthola indawo yokuhlala yomphakathi.
Amalungelo Enqubo Afanele
Kokubili iziHlanzi zeNkathi yesihlanu neyeshumi nane ziqinisekisa inqubo efanelekile yomthetho, iqinisekisa ukuthi uhulumeni ngeke aphuce abantu ukuphila, inkululeko, noma impahla ngaphandle kwezinqubo ezilungile. inqubo efanelekile [ ifuna ukuba uthole isaziso nethuba lokuzwakala ngaphambi kokuba uhulumeni athathe isinyathelo esithinta amalungelo akho. [FLT] Substantive nqubo ethile efanelekile [[ ivikela amalungelo athile ayisisekelo ekuphazanyisweni nguhulumeni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zinqubo ezisetshenziswayo.
Lezi sivikelo zibaluleke kakhulu emicimbini yobugebengu, lapho unelungelo lokutshelwa ngamacala, ukuba nesikhundla esingokomthetho, ukubheka ofakazi, nokuqulwa kwecala okulungile nokusheshayo. Inqubo efanele iyasebenza futhi emongweni womphakathi, njengalapho ubhekene nokuxoshwa, ukukhishwa kwephepha-mvume, noma ukuqedwa emsebenzini kahulumeni.
Amalungelo Ezindaba Zomuntu Siqu
Nakuba ingashiwo ngokuqondile eMthethweni, izinkantolo ziye zaliqaphela ilungelo lokufuna izinto zomuntu siqu njengelisobala ezimweni eziningana.ISichibiyelo Sesine sivikela ekuphenyeni okungacabangeli nasekuqulekeni, sidinga ukugcinwa komthetho ukuze uthole izivumelwano ezisekelwe entweni okungenzeka ibangelwe ngaphambi kokuba uhlole ikhaya lakho, umuntu, noma impahla yakho ezimweni eziningi.
Ukuqonda izinga nokulinganiselwa kwezinto zokuzivikela lapho umuntu engekho emthethweni kuya kubaluleke nakakhulu kule minyaka yokusebenza kwamanani, lapho ubuchwepheshe budala izinselele ezintsha zokulondoloza isikhathi somuntu siqu.
Isivumelwano Esisebenzayo Sezwi: Ukwenza Izwi Lakho Lizwiwe
Ukwazi amalungelo akho kumane kuyisiqalo, ukuba nengxenye yeqiniso emphakathini kudinga ukuhlangana okunethonya nezimiso zentando yeningi. Kunezindlela eziningi zokwenza izwi lakho lizwe futhi lithuthukise impilo yomphakathi nesizwe sakho.
Ukukhazimula: Ithuluzi Lakho Elinamandla Kunawo Wonke
Ukuvota kuyindlela eqondile yokuthonya isimiso sikahulumeni futhi kugcine izikhulu zinecala lokuvuna. Nokho umvoti eUnited States ngokuvamile uthatha emuva kwezinye imibuso yentando yeningi, ikakhulukazi okhethweni lwendawo naphakathi kwenkathi yokuvota. Zonke izindaba zokukhetha, kusukela emibangweni yomongameli kuya emincintiswaneni yesikole, ngoba izikhulu ezikhethiwe kuzo zonke izigaba zenza izinqumo ezithinta ukuphila kwakho kwansuku zonke.
Ukuze ukhulise ithonya lakho njengomvoti, qala ngokuqiniseka ukuthi ubhaliswe kahle. Hlola ukubhalisa kwakho kahle ngaphambi kosuku lokhetho, njengoba imingcele yokubhalisa ihluka ngokwemithetho yezikhathi yomthetho. Cwanda abazovota kanye nezindlela zokuvota ngaphambi kokuba uvote, usebenzisa abaqondisi abangebona abayingxenye yesigaba, abavoti, abakhokheli be-station, nemithombo yezindaba ethembekile ukuze wenze izinqumo zolwazi.
Cabangela ukuvota kusenesikhathi noma ngeposi uma isifundazwe sakho sinikeza lezinketho, ezingakusiza ukuba ugweme imigqa emide futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ukuvota kwakho kubalwa ngisho noma izimo ezingalindelekile ziphakama ngosuku lokhetho. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izinkinga ezisezinhlwini zokuvota, njengokutshelwa ukuthi awubhaliswanga noma ushiywe, yazi ukuthi unelungelo lokuphonsa i-ocebook lapho indaba ixazululiwe.
Ukuba Khona Emihlanganweni YasemaHholo Omuzi Nezinkundla Zomphakathi
Imihlangano yasedolobheni nezindawo zokuhlangana zomphakathi kunikeza amathuba okuxoxa ngokuqondile nezikhulu ezikhethiwe futhi kuveze ukukhathazeka kwakho ngezindaba zendawo, zesifundazwe noma zesizwe.
Izikhulu eziningi ezikhethiwe ziphethe amahholo avamile edolobha ezifundeni zazo, kungaba ngokoqobo noma cishe cishe cishe. Hlola amawebhusayithi abameleli bakho kanye nama-akhawunti ezokuxhumana ukuze uthole izimemezelo ngezenzakalo ezizayo. Uma ukhona, ufike ulungiselele ngemibuzo eqondile noma izimpendulo, futhi uhloniphe amathuba esikhathi nabanye abantu abakhona okukhuluma.
Imihlangano kahulumeni wendawo, njengemikhandlu yasedolobheni, imihlangano yesikole, nokuhlelwa kwezinhlelo zokuqulwa kwecala, nayo ivulekele umphakathi futhi ngokuvamile ihlanganisa isikhathi sokunikeza impendulo yomphakathi.
Izinhlangano Zomphakathi Ezihlanganyelayo
Izinhlangano zomphakathi zandisa amazwi abantu ngokuhlanganisa izithakazelo nemigomo efanayo.
Izinhlangano eziningi zinezinqumo ezivumelana nezimiso zakho kanye nezithakazelo.
Lezi zinzuzo zokuzihlanganisa nezinhlangano zomphakathi azigcini nje ngokukusekela.
Ukuvolontiya Imikhankaso Yezombangazwe
Imikhankaso yezombangazwe ithembele kakhulu ezisebenzini zokuzithandela ukuze zifinyelele abavoti, zihlele izenzakalo futhi zisakaze isigijimi sazo.
Amathuba okuzithandela okubhalisa izingcingo ahlanganisa ukuxhumana nabavoti, ukuhambela izindawo eziseminyango ukuze kungqongqozwe izingcingo, ukusiza abavoti ngokubhalisa, ukuhlela noma ukuya emibuthanweni yemihlangano nezenzakalo, ukuphatha ama - akhawunti ezokuxhumana nokusekela uhulumeni emahhovisi omkhankaso.
Ngisho namahora ambalwa okuzithandela angenza umehluko omkhulu, ikakhulukazi emijahweni yendawo lapho ngokuvamile ukunqoba kuncane khona.
Ukukhonza Ezigunjini Nasemathunyweni
Ohulumeni abaningi bendawo banezindawo zokuqondisa ezinikeza usizo ezicini ezithile zezimiso, njengamapaki nezokuzilibazisa, ukulondolozwa okungokomlando, amalungelo abantu, noma izinga lendawo ezungezile. Lezi zindikimba zivame ukuhlanganisa amalungu ezakhamuzi amisiwe aletha imibono yomphakathi ekusunguleni izinqumo zikahulumeni.
Ukusebenza ebhodini noma ekhomishane kukuvumela ukuba unikele ngobuchwepheshe bakho nombono kuyilapho ufunda ngemisebenzi kahulumeni wendawo. Izikhundla zingadinga isikhathi esimisiwe semihlangano yasikhathi sonke nomsebenzi ohlobene nayo, kodwa zinikeza amathuba awusizo okuhlela isimiso nokusiza umphakathi wakini.
Bheka ingosi kahulumeni yendawo yakho ukuze uthole ukwaziswa ngamabhodi nangabaphathi, kuhlanganise nezinjongo zawo, izimiso zokuhlangana, nezinqubo zokusebenza. Ezinye izikhundla zingadinga izimfanelo ezithile noma ubuchwepheshe, kuyilapho ezinye zivulekele noma isiphi isakhamuzi esithakazelayo.
Ukuqapha Nezenzo: Ukushayela Ushintsho Lwezenhlalo
Ngaphandle kokuhlanganyela emphakathini ngokwesiko, ukuqapha nokusebenza kunikeza amathuluzi anamandla okubekela inselele ukungabi nabulungisa inselele, kubangela ukuqaphela izimpikiswano ezibalulekile, futhi kucindezela izinhlangano ukuba zishintshe. Le misebenzi isukela ezenzweni zomuntu ngamunye kuya ekuxhumaneni kwezinhlangano eziningi.
Ukukhononda Nokubonisa Okunokuthula
Ilungelo lokuhlangana ngokuthula liyisisekelo somphakathi wentando yeningi, livumela izakhamuzi ukuba zizwakalise ukungavumelani nokufuna. Kuwo wonke umlando waseMelika, ukubhikisha nokubukisa kuye kwaba usizo ekuthuthukiseni amalungelo omphakathi, kusukela emzamweni wokulwela amalungelo omphakathi kuya ezinhlanganweni zanamuhla zobulungisa bohlanga nokulingana.
Lapho uhlanganyela ekubhikisheni, qonda amalungelo akho nemithwalo yemfanelo. Unelungelo lokubhikisha ezikhungweni zomphakathi ezingokwesiko ezinjengezitaladi zemigwaqo, amapaki, nezindawo zokuhlala, nakuba ohulumeni bengase babeke isikhathi esinengqondo, indawo, nemithetho evimbelayo. Amaphoyisa awakwazi ukusakaza ukubhikisha ngenxa nje yokuthi awavumelani nomyalezo noma ngenxa yokuthi abanye ababukeli bakutholi kucasula.
Nokho, ababhikishi kumelwe bahlale benokuthula futhi abanakuvimba abantu ukuba bangene ezakhiweni, bavimbele izimoto ngaphandle kwemvume, noma bahlanganyele ebudloveni noma ekubhujisweni kwempahla.
Uma ukhetha ukuhlanganyela ekubhikisheni, cabangela ukuhamba nabanye, ukugcina ukwaziswa okuthintana nokuphuthumayo kutholakala kalula, ukwazi amalungelo akho uma umiswa noma uboshwa, nokubhala noma yikuphi ukusebenzelana nomthetho. Izinhlangano eziningi zamalungelo abantu zinikeza "ukwazi amalungelo akho" ukuqeqeshelwa ababhikishi ukuba balondoloze futhi baqonde isivikelo sabo esingokomthetho.
Izimemezelo Nemikhankaso Yokubhala Ngezincwadi
Izikhalo zivumela izakhamuzi ukuba zicele isicelo esingokomthetho kuziphathimandla zikahulumeni noma ezinhlanganweni. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zithunyelwa kuyi - Internet noma umuntu, izicelo zibonisa ukuthi umphakathi usekela imbangela ethile futhi zingathonya abenzi besinqumo ukuba baqaphele udaba oluthile.
Izicelo eziphumelelayo ziveza inkinga ngokucacile, zinikeze ikhambi eliqondile, futhi zichaze ukuthi kungani kudingeka isinyathelo. Zinamandla kakhulu lapho ziqoqa izinombolo eziningi zezignesha futhi zinikezwa abenzi besinqumo abafanele kanye nokusakazwa kwemithombo yezindaba noma okunye ukucindezela komphakathi.
Imikhankaso yokubhala izincwadi nayo ibonisa ukukhathalela okuhlanganyelwe ngendaba ethile. Izincwadi eziqondiswe kumuntu ziphumelela kakhulu kunezincwadi ezizobhalwa ngoba zibonisa ukuthembisana kwangempela futhi zivame ukuhlanganisa izindaba ezibonisa ithonya lezimiso. Lapho ubhalela abameleli, bhalisa ukuthi isiphi isinyathelo ofuna bazithathe, chaza ukuthi le ndaba ikuthinta kanjani wena noma umphakathi wakho, futhi uhloniphe ngisho nalapho uveza ukungaboni ngaso linye.
Ukuxhumana Nabameleli Bakho
Ukuxhumana njalo nezikhulu ezikhethiwe kungenye yezindlela eziqondile zokuthonya isimiso. Abameleli bazo zonke izigaba zikahulumeni(endaweni, ezwe, nakuhulumeni) bazinikele ekufundeni nasekuphenduleni ukuxhumana okuhlangene.
Ungathintana nabameleli ngezindlela eziningi: izingcingo, ama-imeyili, izincwadi, imiyalezo yezokuxhumana, kanye nemihlangano yezokuxhumana. Indlela ngayinye inezinzuzo. Izingcingo zivame ukwamukela ukunakwa futhi zivumele ingxoxo emfushane. Izingxoxo ezilotshiwe zinikeza umbhalo wendawo yakho futhi zikuvumele ukuba ucacise izimpikiswano eziningi. Imihlangano ye-perperson emahhovisi esigodi noma phakathi namahora asehhovisi inikeza isithembiso esincane kakhulu.
Uma uthintana nabameleli, zisho ukuthi ungowommeleli, zikhombe umthetho noma izimpikiswano ezithile ngegama noma ngenombolo, usho ngokucacile ukuma kwakho, futhi ucele isenzo esithile. Landela uma ungatholi impendulo, futhi ulandelele imibhalo yokuvota yamanxusa akho ukuba iboshelwe ukuthi banecala ngezikhundla zabo.
Ukusebenzisa Imithombo Yezindaba Yezenhlalo Ukuze Usebenzise Ikhono Lokungalawuleki
Ama-computer ezokuxhumana aseye aba amathuluzi anamandla okuhlela, ukuthuthukisa ukuqapha, nokuhlomela ukusekela izimbangela. Imikhankaso ye-hashtag ingadonsela ukunakekela ezindabeni, amavidiyo amagciwane angaveza ukungabi nabulungisa, futhi izinhlanganisela zezokuxhumana zingahlanganisa izenzo zangempela zezwe.
Ukuxoxa ngezinto ezinokwethenjelwa ezivela emithonjeni ethembekile, ukuxoxa ngezindaba ezingokoqobo, ukuxoxa ngezindaba ezikhangayo nezindaba zomuntu siqu ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezilaleli, iziphathi - mandla nezinhlangano eziwusizo ukuze zikwazi ukubonakala, nokunikeza izingcingo ezicacile zokutshela abalandeli ukuthi yini abangayenza ukuze basize.
Qaphela ukulinganiselwa nezingozi zezenzo zobungane nezokuxhumana. Ukubopha nge-inthanethi kufanele kuphelelisa, hhayi ukubuyisela, ukuthatha indawo yezenzo ezingokoqobo zezwe. Ukungaqondi kahle kusakazeka ngokushesha kwezezindaba zomphakathi, ngakho kuqinisekisisa ukwaziswa ngaphambi kokuba uhlanganyele. Izindaba zomuntu siqu nokulondeka zibalulekile, ikakhulukazi kubashisekeli abasebenza ezindabeni ezibucayi noma ezimweni ezingezinhle.
Ukuhlela Izenzo Zomphakathi
Ngezinye izikhathi ukuthungatha okuphumelela kakhulu kwenzeka ezingeni lotshani, lapho amalungu omphakathi ehlela khona izinyathelo zawo siqu zokuxazulula izinkinga zendawo. Lokhu kungahlanganisa ukuhlela ukuhlanzeka komphakathi, ukwakha izinhlangano zosizo, ukumisa izinhlelo zokugada, noma ukusungula imikhankaso yendawo yezinguquko zezimiso.
Ukuhlelwa komphakathi okuphumelelayo kudinga ukuthola umgomo ocacile, ukwakha umfelandawonye wabasekeli, ukwakha icebo elikahle, nokuzigcina uhamba ngokuxoxa njalo nangokuthatha isinyathelo. Qala ngokukhuluma nomakhelwane namalungu omphakathi ukuze uqonde izinto ezibakhathazayo nezinto eziza kuqala. Yakha ubuhlobo nabaholi bendawo, izinhlangano nezinhlangano ezingasekela imizamo yakho.
Izinhlangano eziningi zinikeza ukuqeqeshwa ngamasu okuhlela umphakathi angakwenza ube ummeleli ophumelelayo ophumelelayo ongase ukusize ukuba ube ummeleli ophumelelayo.
Ukusekela Izinhlangano Zamalungelo Omphakathi Nabathathi - hlangothi
Isinyathelo somuntu ngamunye sibalulekile, kodwa imizamo ehleliwe yezinhlangano zamalungelo omphakathi ezizinikezele iye yaba necala lentuthuko enkulu kakhulu ekulinganiseni nasebulungiseni. Ukusekela lezinhlangano kuqinisa ithonya lakho futhi kunengxenye ekuqiniseni imizamo yokusekela amalungelo omsebenzi.
Izinhlangano Zesizwe Zamalungelo Omphakathi
Izinhlangano eziningi zesizwe zisebenzela ukuvikela nokuthuthukisa amalungelo omphakathi phakathi kwezindaba nemiphakathi ehlukahlukene. American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) ivikela amalungelo omthetho-sisekelo ngokunikeza incazelo, ukuqamba, nemfundo yomphakathi ngezindaba ezisukela ekukhulumeni ngokukhululekile kuya ekulungiseni izigebengu. [[FLT]] ACP igxila ekususeni ukucwaswa kohlanga nokuqinisekisa ukucwaswa kwezombangazwe, imfundo, izenhlalo, nokulingana ngokomnotho kwabantu bonke.
Ezinye izinhlangano ezivelele zihlanganisa i- Southern Poverty Law Center, elwa nenzondo nobandlululo ngokulwa nemfundo; i-National Urban League[, esebenzela ukunikeza ama-Afrika aseMelika amandla okuzithemba ngokwawo ngokwezomnotho; ne- Conference on Civilism and Human Rights [, ehlanganisa imizamo yesizwe yokulwela amalungelo esizwe nesimiso somthetho wezenhlalakahle.
Izinhlangano eziqonde ngqo ngokubheka impikiswano zigxila ezicini ezithile zamalungelo omphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, iLambda Esemthethweni kanye ne-[FLT] Human Rights Campaign [ isekela i-LGBTQ+ + amalungelo, kuyilapho i-Ofuliast [iSikhungo somthetho sesizwe] [ ilwisa ubulungisa bobufana. [ IKomiti yamaLungelo] yamaLungelo Amalungelo Omthetho ngaphansi koMthetho[[FLT:] inikeza ukumelelwa okusemthethweni ezimonweni zomphakathi, [[FLT:]] Immond [FLT] [FLD] [F]]
Izinhlangano Zendawo Nezesifunda
Nakuba izinhlangano zamazwe zisingatha izindaba ezinkulu, amaqembu endawo nawamalungelo omphakathi akhuluma ngezidingo zomphakathi ezithile nezikhathazayo.
Izinhlangano zendawo ze-ACLU Communites, izahluko ze-NAACP, namanye amagatsha ezinhlangano zezwe asebenza emazweni amaningi nasemadolobheni amaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlangano zendawo ezizimele zisebenza ezindabeni ezinjengokuqashwa kwamalungelo abafuduki, ukucwaswa kwezindlu, ukulandisa kwamaphoyisa, nokuqoka kwemfundo.
Ukusekela izinhlangano zendawo kukuvumela ukuba ubone ithonya eliqondile lomnikelo wakho emphakathini wakini. Lamaqembu ngokuvamile adinga izisebenzi zokuzithandela ukuze zenze izenzakalo, zisekele iziphathimandla, futhi zinikeze amathuba okunikela ngaphandle kweminikelo yezimali.
Izindlela Zokusekela Izinhlangano Zamalungelo Omphakathi
[ Iminikelo yezezimali ibalulekile ukuze izinhlangano zamalungelo omphakathi zisekele umsebenzi wazo. Isikhwama seminikelo, imikhankaso yokuphatha izigebengu, imfundo yomphakathi, nemisebenzi yokuhlela. Cabangela ukumisa iminikelo yanyanga zonke yokusekela okuzinzile, okulindelekileyo, noma ukwenza iminikelo yesikhathi esisodwa ukusabela emikhankasweni ethile noma ezidingweni ezithile.
Ukunikeza isikhathi sakho [ kubaluleke ngokufanayo. Izinhlangano zidinga izisebenzi zokuzithandela zemisebenzi eminingi, kuhlanganise nokucwaninga okungokomthetho, imisebenzi yokuphatha, ukuhlela izenzakalo, ukufinyelela umphakathi, ukuphatha kwezezesayensi yezesayensi, nezinkonzo zokuhumusha. Amakhono akho obuchwepheshe angase abe usizo kakhulu kakhulu. Abakhi be-probono esemthethweni, abaklami ababonisayo bangakha izinto zokwakha, futhi abagcini-mali bangasiza ngokuphatha izimali.
Ukuqaphela ngezinhlangano zamalungelo omphakathi nomsebenzi wazo kubasiza ukuba bafinyelele abasekeli abasha futhi bandise isigijimi sabo. Hlanganisani abakuqukethe ngezindaba zomphakathi, khuluma ngomsebenzi wabo nabangane nomkhaya, futhi khuthaza abanye ukuba bahileleke. Lapho izinhlangano ziqala imikhankaso noma izingcingo eziphuthumayo, zisiza ekusakazeni igama ukuze kwandiswe ithonya.
Ukuhlanganyela emikhankasweni okuhlelwe amaqembu alwela amalungelo omphakathi kundisa ithonya lakho. Lemikhankaso ingahlanganisa ukuxhumana nomthetho mayelana nokubeka izindleko zezindleko, ukuya emibuthanweni yemicimbi, ukusayina izicelo, noma ukuhlanganyela ezinhlanganweni ezihlangeneyo zezokuxhumana. Izinhlangano zifaka izimali ezinkulu ekuthuthukiseni imikhankaso yezemisebenzi yezomphakathi, futhi ukuhlanganyela kwandisa ukuphumelela kwazo.
Izinhlangano Ezicekela Phansi Ngaphambi Kokusekela
Phambi kokunika inhlangano isikhathi sakho noma imali, hlola umlando wayo, imisebenzi yezimali, nokuphumelela. Hlola ingosi yenhlangano ukuze uqonde umsebenzi wayo, izinhlelo, nemisebenzi yayo. Bheka ukuze uthole amathuba emali ezinhlangano ezifaka imibiko yayo yaminyaka yonke.
I-Charity Survice face sewebsite njenge- i-Oparity Navigator, i-GuideStar, ne-Charity Watch zihlola ukungazuzi okusekelwe empilweni engokwezimali, ekulandiseni, nasekuboneni obala. Le micebo ingakusiza ukuba uthole ukuthi inhlangano isebenzisa iminikelo ngokuphumelelayo futhi isebenza ngokuthembeka.
Cabangela indlela yenhlangano nezindinganiso. Izinhlangano ezihlukahlukene zingasebenza ezicini ezifanayo zisebenzisa amasu ahlukene, okunye kugxile ekuhleleni, futhi okunye ekuhleleni izimpande zotshani. Khetha izinhlangano ezizindlela kanye nezinto eziza kuqala ezihambisana nezindinganiso zakho kanye nombono wakho wenguquko.
Isivikelo Esingokomthetho Nokubuyiselwa Lapho Amalungelo Ephulwa
Ukuqonda amalungelo akho kubalulekile, kodwa ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze lapho lawo malungelo ephulwa kubaluleke ngokufanayo.
Ukukhononda Ngezimo Zikahulumeni
Ukuphulwa kwelungelo lomphakathi okuningi kungabhekiswa ezikhalo zombuso ezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni. I-Equal Opportunity Commission (EOC) ihlola ukukhononda emsebenzini okusekelwe ohlazweni, ebala, enkolweni, ebulilini, emvelaphi yobuzwe, ubudala, ukukhubazeka, noma ulwazi lwezakhi zofuzo. Izikhalo kumelwe zibhalwe phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-180 zobandlululo oluthiwe.
Izindawo ze Home nentuthuko yaseUrban (HUD) isingatha izikhalo ngokucwaswa kwezindlu okusekelwe ezicini ezivikelwe. Isivumelwano se-Office yemfundo yamalungelo ezakhamuzi [ sihlola ubandlululo ezikoleni nasezimisweni zemfundo. [[FLT:] Isivumelwano seJaji lwenkululeko yePolitiki I-diviletion Division[ imisa imithetho yemithetho yezenhlalakahle yesizwe futhi ingahlola izindlela zobandlululo ngohulumeni wendawo.
Izikhomishane zezwe namalungelo abantu zendawo zihlola futhi ukukhononda ngobandlululo futhi zingase zinikeze isivikelo esengeziwe ngaphandle komthetho kahulumeni. Ukukhononda ngokulawula ngokuvamile kuyimfuneko yokuqulisa icala, futhi izinkampani zingaxazulula izimpikiswano ngokukhiphana icala noma ngokubuyisana ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuqulwa kwecala.
Ukuphishekela Isenzo Esingokomthetho
Lapho amakhambi okulawula enganele, ukumangalelwa kwamalungelo omphakathi kunganikeza imbuyiselo ngenxa yokulimala nokushintsha kwezinhlangano okuphoqelelwe. Amalungelo omphakathi angaba ayinkimbinkimbi futhi abize, kodwa kunemithombo ehlukahlukene yokusiza abantu ukuba baphishekele ukuqulwa okungokomthetho.
Abameli abaningi bamalungelo ezakhamuzi basebenza ngesisekelo senkokhelo, okusho ukuthi baqoqa kuphela intela uma bewina icala. Eminye imithetho yamalungelo ezakhamuzi ihlanganisa amalungiselelo okusheshisa adinga abamangalelwa ukuba bakhokhe intela yabameli uma kugcwele abameli, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ngabantu ukuthola ukumelelwa okungokomthetho.
Izinhlangano zosizo ezingokomthetho zinikeza izinkonzo ezingokomthetho mahhala kubantu abathola imali ephansi ababhekene nokuphulwa kwamalungelo omphakathi. Izinhlangano zamalungelo omphakathi njenge-ACLU, iNaACP Legal Defense Fund, nezinhlangano ezihlukahlukene ezikhethekile zithatha amacala angenza kube khona izimo ezingokomthetho ezibalulekile noma izinkinga ezingokwesimiso sokulungisa.
Imitholampilo yezomthetho inikeza omunye umthombo wosizo olungokomthetho, futhi abafundi bezomthetho abaqondiswa abameli abangomakadebona abanikeza izimpawu ezicatshangelweni zamalungelo abantu.
Ukuphula Amalungelo Okubhala
Uma ukholelwa ukuthi amalungelo akho omphakathi aphuliwe, isiqinisekiso esiphelele sibalulekile ekulandeleni noma iliphi ikhambi. Gcina imibhalo enemininingwane yezenzakalo, kuhlanganise nezinsuku, izikhathi, izindawo, amagama nokwaziswa kofakazi. Gcina zonke izincwadi ezihlobene, ama-imeyili, imiyalezo yemiyalezo, nezinye izixhumana.
Uma kungenzeka, izenzakalo zezithombe noma zamavidiyo, nakuba ziqaphela imithetho ephathelene nokuqopha ezindaweni ohlala kuzo. Ezinye izifundazwe zifuna ukuba bonke abahilelekile bavume ukuqopha amatepi, kuyilapho ezinye zivumela ukuqoshwa uma ingxenye eyodwa (kuhlanganise nawe ngokwakho) ivuma. Ividiyo eqoshiwe ezindaweni zomphakathi ivame ukuvikelwa yiSichibiyelo sokuqala.
Bhala phansi inkumbulo yakho yezenzakalo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka lapho imininingwane isesenkumbulweni yakho. Qaphela noma yikuphi ukulimala okungokomzimba noma okungokomzwelo okuye kwabangelwa ukwephulwa. Le mibhalo iyakuba balulekile noma ufaka isikhalo sokuphatha, uphishekela ukudlulisa ulwazi, noma ufuna ukunakwa kwemithombo yezindaba.
Yazi Amalungelo Akho Phakathi Nokuhlangana Kwamaphoyisa
Ukuqonda amalungelo akho phakathi nokusebenzelana nomthetho kungakusiza ukuba uvikeleke ekuphukeni kwamalungelo futhi kukwenze utholakale uma uphulwa. Unelungelo lokuthula futhi akudingeki uphendule imibuzo mayelana nokuthi uyaphi, uvelaphi, noma wenzani. Ungathi, "Ngiyalisebenzisa ilungelo lami lokuthula.”
Unelungelo lokwenqaba ukuvuma ukuseshwa kwakho, imoto yakho, noma ikhaya lakho. Uma amaphoyisa enalo isiqinisekiso, awukwazi ukwenqaba ukuseshwa, kodwa kufanele ubuze ukubona incwadi futhi ungabheka ukuphenya ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ihlala ingaphakathi kwephepha leposi. Uma amaphoyisa engenalo isiqinisekiso, sho ngokucacile ukuthi awuvumi ukuseshwa.
Uma uboshiwe, unelungelo kummeli futhi kufanele ucele omunye ngokushesha. Ungaphenduli imibuzo noma usayina noma yini ngaphandle kommeli. Unelungelo lokushaya ucingo, futhi amaphoyisa awakwazi ukulalela ucingo nommeli wakho.
Uma ufakaza noma ubhekana nokuziphatha okubi kwamaphoyisa, ungafaka isikhalo engxenyeni yangaphakathi yomnyango wamaphoyisa, ibhodi yokubukeza engekho emthethweni uma kukhona ekhona egunyeni lakho, noma uMnyango wobulungisa.
Imfundo Nokuqaphela: Ukwakha Impucuko Yamalungelo Abantu
Ukuvikela amalungelo ezakhamuzi akudingi nje isenzo somuntu ngamunye kodwa kudinga isiko elibanzi lokuqaphela nokuhlonipha amalungelo.
Ukuqhubeka Uzifundisa
Umthetho wamalungelo abantu nesimiso samalungelo abantu kuyaqhubeka kushintsha ngomthetho omusha, izinqumo zenkantolo, nezinhlangano zezenhlalo. Ukuhlala wazi ngalezi zenzakalo kukusiza ukuba uqonde izinselele zamanje namathuba okuqamba.
Funda imithombo yezindaba enedumela eliphambili ehlanganisa amalungelo abantu.
Kuzo kuxoxwa ngezifundo, izinkampani, nemihlangano ephathelene nezihloko zamalungelo omphakathi. Izinhlangano eziningi zinikeza izinhlelo zemfundo zamahhala noma eziphansi, kokubili ngokwazo kanye nengosi ye-inthanethi. Izindawo ezingekho, imitapo yezincwadi, nezikhungo zomphakathi zivame ukuhlanganisa izenzakalo eziveza ochwepheshe bamalungelo omphakathi nabashisekeli bezikhundla.
Ukuhlanganyela imibono namazwi ahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi lawo emiphakathini ethinteke kakhulu ngokuphulwa kwamalungelo omphakathi.Lalela izinkulumo eziphoqelelwe, amaphepha ezindaba, nokufunda izincwadi ezinikeza izindaba eziveza okuhlangenwe nakho kobandlululo nokuzitika.
Ukufundisa Abanye Ngamalungelo Omphakathi
Khuluma nomndeni, abangane nozakwakho ngezindaba eziphathelene nenkululeko yabantu, uxoxe nabanye ngokwaziswa nangemibono ngendlela ekwenza ukhulume nabo kunokuba uxabane nabo.
Uma unabantwana, bafundise ngamalungelo abo nokubaluleka kokuhlonipha amalungelo abanye. Izingxoxo ezifaneleke ngeminyaka ngobulungisa, ukulingana, nobulungisa zisiza izingane ukuba zithuthukise izindinganiso ezisekela amalungelo omphakathi.
Cabangela ukuzinikela ngokuzithandela ekufundiseni noma ekukhulumeni ngamalungelo omphakathi ezikoleni, ezikhungweni zomphakathi, noma ezikhungweni zenkolo.
Ukusekela Imfundo Yamalungelo Omphakathi Ezikoleni
Izikole zinendima ebalulekile ekufundiseni intsha ngamalungelo omphakathi, ukuthatha uhlangothi, nomthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi. Abameleli bemfundo ebanzi yamalungelo omphakathi ezikoleni zenu, kuhlanganise nemfundiso enembile ngomlando wamalungelo omphakathi, izingxoxo zamuva ezikhuluma ngezindaba zamalungelo omphakathi, namathuba okufunda inkonzo avumela abafundi ukuba bahlanganyele ekuthatheni isinyathelo somphakathi.
Yiba khona emihlanganweni yesikole ukuze usho ukuthi usekela imfundo yamalungelo omphakathi futhi uphikise imizamo yokuhlola noma ukusula amalungelo omphakathi.
Khuthaza izikole ukuba zakhe izindawo ezihlala abantu abahlonipha amalungelo nesithunzi sabo bonke abafundi, kungakhathaliseki uhlanga, inkolo, umsuka wesizwe, ubulili, ubulili, noma ukukhubazeka.
Ukuthuthukisa Ukufunda Ezezindaba
Kulesi sikhathi sokuthola ukwaziswa okuningi nokungaqondi kahle, ukufunda imithombo yezindaba kubalulekile ukuze uqonde izindaba eziphathelene namalungelo abantu ngokunembile.
Fundisa abanye lamakhono, ikakhulukazi intsha eye yakhulela engosini yezokuxhumana futhi okungenzeka ayizange ibe nemikhuba yokuhlaziya egxekayo.
Ukusekela imithombo yemali ephambili ehlanganisa izindaba zamalungelo omphakathi ngokuphelele nangokunembile. Zibophelele ezinhlanganweni zezindaba, uhlanganyele umbiko wazo, futhi uhlehlisela emuva ekudukisweni lapho uhlangana nazo. Umphakathi onolwazi oluhle ubalulekile ekuvikeleni amalungelo omphakathi futhi ubeke izinhlangano ezinecala.
Amalungelo Omsebenzi Nekhono Lokuphatha Abanye
Indawo yomsebenzi iyinkundla ebucayi yamalungelo omphakathi, njengoba ukucwaswa kwemisebenzi kuthinta izigidi zabantu baseMelika futhi kunethonya elikhulu ekulondekeni kwezomnotho nasebangeni.
Ukuqonda Imithetho Yokucwaswa Kwemisebenzi
Umthetho kahulumeni wezesayensi wenqabela ukucwaswa kwemisebenzi ngenxa yohlanga, ibala, inkolo, ubulili (kuhlanganisa ukukhulelwa, indlela umuntu abheka ngayo ubulili, ubulili), imvelaphi yobuzwe (40 noma ngaphezulu), ukukhubazeka, nokwaziswa okungokwezakhi zofuzo.
[[FLT: 0] Isihloko VII se-Civil Rights Act ka-1944 siwumthetho oyinhloko kahulumeni owenqabela ukucwaswa kwemisebenzi. Isebenza kubaqashi abanezisebenzi ezingu-15 noma ngaphezulu. Ukucwaswa komthetho wemisebenzi [[FLT:] kuvikela izisebenzi ezingu-40 nezinkulu ekucwaseni kobudala. [[FLT:]] amaMelika anoMthetho wokukhubazeka [[FLT:]] anqabela ukucwaswa kwabantu abafanelekayo abakhubazekile nabaqashiwe ukuba banikeze indawo yokuhlala engcono.
[[QTL:0] UMthetho weNkcubeko ufuna ukuba amadoda nabesifazane bathole iholo elilinganayo ngomsebenzi olinganayo. UMthetho wokucwasa uvimbela ukucwaswa okusekelwe ekukhulelweni, ekuzaleni, noma ezimweni ezihlobene. Izindawo eziningi zinikeza isivikelo esengeziwe ngaphandle komthetho kahulumeni.
Ukuqaphela Ukucwaswa Emsebenzini
Ukucwasa abanye kungaba ngezindlela eziningi, kusukela ekutheni umuntu uthanda ukusho izinto ezijivazayo noma ukuveza ngokucacile izizathu zokucwasa ngenxa yemisebenzi, noma ukudlulisela ngokunye izikhathi abantu abafanelekayo emaqenjini athile ukuze bakhushulwe noma bakhokhe izisebenzi ngokungefani ngenxa yezimfanelo ezivikelwe.
Ukuhlukunyezwa okusekelwe ezicini ezivikelwe kuwuhlobo lobandlululo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuziphatha okungathandeki njengokuhlambalaza, ukuhlasela ngokomzimba, ukusongela, ukugcona, ukugcona, ukugcona, izinto ezicasulayo noma izithombe, nokuphazamisa emsebenzini.
Abaqashi abanakudubula, baqede, bahlukumeze, noma bajezise izisebenzi ngokuzifaka ngaphansi kwemithetho ehlukanisa imisebenzi.
Ukuthatha Isinyathelo Ngokumelene Nokucwaswa Emsebenzini
Uma ubhekene nokucwaswa emsebenzini, qala ngokuhlola izimiso zomqashi wakho nezindlela zokubika ubandlululo. Abaqashi abaningi banezindlela zokukhononda ngaphakathi, futhi ukusebenzisa zona kungaxazulula inkinga ngaphandle kokungenela.
Khuphela zonke izenzakalo zobandlululo, kuhlanganise nezinsuku, izikhathi, izindawo, okwenzeka, obekuhilelekile, nanoma iziphi iziphi iziphi izenzakalo. Gcina ama-imeyili, imiyalezo, imilayezo ye-mesethi, ukubukeza imidlalo, nezinye izincwadi ezihlobene. Le zincwadi zizoba bucayi uma kudingeka ubhale phansi isikhalo noma icala elingokomthetho.
Uma izinqubo zangaphakathi zingayixazululi lendaba, ungafaka icala lobandlululo kwi-EEOC noma i-'sea''''''''''''''''''i-'ikhom''' yemisebenzi yemisebenzi''. Kumelwe ubhale phakathi nemingcele yesikhathi esithile(-gever-80) yesenzo sokukhipha umlomo, nakuba lokhu kuhlanganisa izinsuku ezingu-300 ezisezindaweni ngemithetho yazo elwa nobandlululo.
I-EEOC izokuhlola ukumangalela kwakho futhi ingazama ukukuxazulula ngokukhipha imvume. Uma i-EEOC ithola isizathu esinengqondo sokukholelwa ukuthi ubandlululo lwenzekile, ingakumangalela noma ikukhiphele incwadi ethi "ilungelo lokukhokha" ekuvumela ukuba ubhale icala lakho.
Cabangela ukuxhumana nommeli osebenza ongakucebisa ngamalungelo akho, akusize ukuba ulawule inqubo yokukhononda, futhi akumelele ezingxoxweni noma ekumangalelweni.
Ukusekela Ubulungisa Emsebenzini
Ngaphandle kokukhuluma ngezenzakalo zobandlululo, izisebenzi zingasekela izinguquko ezikhuthaza ukungakhethi emsebenzini. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukunxusa amasampula abonisa iholo ukuze alungise amagebe, ukusekela izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuqasha nokuthuthukisa, ukusekela izinzuzo ezisobala ezinjengezinzuzo zekhefu labazali kanye nezinzuzo zasekhaya, noma ukuthuthukisa ukuqeqeshwa kobandlululo oluqulile nemikhuba yasemsebenzini ephelele.
Uma indawo yakho yomsebenzi inesibopho, hileleka emisebenzini yenyunyana futhi usekele amalungiselelo esivumelwano akhuthaza ukucwasana futhi avikele ekucwaseni. Ama-Union angaba abameleli abanamandla bamalungelo ezisebenzi futhi angaxoxa ngesivikelo esingaphezu kwesilinganiso esingokomthetho.
Sekela osebenza nabo ababandlululwayo ngokukhonza njengofakazi uma kudingeka, bakhulume lapho uqaphela ukuziphatha kokucwasa, futhi babangele ukuba abantu bazizwe bengenalo ubandlululo emsebenzini ngezenzo nangesimo sengqondo sakho.
Amalungelo Ezindlu Nezindlu Ezinhle
Ukuthola izindlu kuyisisekelo sethuba elingokomnotho nezinga lokuphila, kodwa ukucwasana kuseyinkinga eqhubekayo.
Imithetho Efanele Yezindlu
UMthetho weFair Homes [[FLT: 1] wenqabela ukucwaswa kwezindlu ezisekelwe ngokohlanga, ibala, umsuka wezwe, inkolo, ubulili, isikhundla sobulili, nokukhubazeka. Umthetho usebenza ezindlini eziningi, kuhlanganise nezindlu zokuqasha, ukuthengisela, ukuboleka isikweletu, kanye nabanikazi bekhaya.
Imikhuba egunyazweyo ihlanganisa ukwenqaba ukuqasha noma ukuthengisa izindlu, ukubeka izimo noma izinkonzo ezihlukahlukene, ukunikeza izinkonzo noma izakhiwo ezihlukahlukene, ukuphika ngamanga ukuthi indlu iyatholakala, ukunxenxa abanikazi ukuba bathengise noma baqashe ngokusekelwe emncintiswaneni noma kwesinye isici esivikelwe sabathengi noma abaqashi (okwaziwa ngokuthi“ ukuvimbela ukukhwabanisa ”), nokwenqaba ukuhlalisa abantu abakhubazekile ngokusesilinganisweni.
Izifunda eziningi nezindawo zinikeza ezinye isivikelo, njengokuvimbela ubandlululo olusekelwe emthonjeni weholo, indlela yobulili, ubulili, noma isimo somshado. Amanye amazwe alawula ukuqasha intela futhi axoshe izakhiwo ukuze avikele abaqashi ekuhoxeni.
Ukuqaphela Ukucwaswa Kwezindlu
Ukucwaswa kwezindlu kungaba okungaqondakali. izimpawu ezixwayisayo zihlanganisa ukutshelwa ukuthi awekho amanani atholakalayo uma wazi ukuthi kunezindawo ozidingayo, ucashunwa amanani ahlukene kunabanye, uqondiswa ngalé noma kude kwezindawo ezithile, ubhekene nezimfuneko ezihlukile zokusebenza noma uhlole izindlela ezihlukahlukene, noma ubuzwa imibuzo ngohlanga lwakho, inkolo, isimo somkhaya, noma ukukhubazeka okungabuzwa abanye.
Ukubandlululana ekubolekeni kuhlanganisa ukungenzelwa imali ebolekwayo noma ukunikezwa izinto ezisekelwe ezicini ezivikelwe kunokuba kusekelwe ekubolekeni imali, ukungakhuthazi ukuboleka imali, noma ukubhekana nemikhuba yokubolekisa ehlasela imiphakathi ethile.
Ukuthatha Isinyathelo Ngokumelene Nokucwaswa Kwezindlu
Uma ukholelwa ukuthi uke wabhekana nobandlululo lwezindlu, ungafaka isikhalo ku - HUD phakathi nonyaka owodwa nje ngemva kobandlululo okuthiwa lukhona. i - HUD izohlola futhi ingase izame ukuxazulula lesi sikhalo ngokuphambana. Uma ukuvumelana kungaphumeleli, icala lingase liye enkantolo ephethe noma enkantolo kahulumeni.
Izinhlangano zezindlu ezilungile emiphakathini eminingi zinikeza ukuhlolwa, uphengululo, nosizo olungokomthetho lwamacala okucwasa izindlu.
Bhala yonke into ehlobene nokufuna kwakho izindlu noma ukuqasha, kuhlanganise nezikhangiso, ukubhalelana nabanikazi bezindawo noma amanxusa, izinto zokufaka izicelo, namaphuzu avela ezingxoxweni. Uma kungenzeka, yenza abanye bahlole ukuthi bathola ukwelashwa okuhlukile yini, njengoba ubufakazi obuqhathaniswa bungaba namandla ezicaleni ezicwasayo.
Ukuthola Izindlu Ezinhle
Lezi zinhlangano zidinga izisebenzi zokuzithandela ukuze zihlolwe, zisizwe ngokuthola usizo olungaphezu kolwazi, zithole imfundo futhi zisekele imizamo yazo yokuzilawula.
Abameleli bezimiso ezithuthukisa ukwahlukaniswa kwezindlu ezifanele nokunakekela, njengezindawo ezihlanganisa indawo ezidinga izakhiwo ezibiza imali eshisiwe entuthukoni entsha, umthombo wezivikelo zemali ezivimbela ukucwaswa kwabaphathi bezincwadi, nokugcinwa kwemithetho yezindlu engakhethi ngokusekela imali eyanele ukuze kuhlolwe futhi kuhlolwe.
Izindlela zokuvimbela ukumiswa kwezindawo ezikhona ezivimbela ukusungulwa kwezindlu ezibizayo nokuhlukaniswa kwezindawo. Yiba khona emihlanganweni yendawo nokuhlela ukusekela izihlongozo zezindlu ezihlukahlukene, ezibizayo futhi ukhulume ngokumelene nezimiso ezingahlanganisi izakhamuzi ezithola imali encane noma ubumpofu obugxilile.
Ukunikeza Isivikelo Samalungelo Nokuhlanganyela
Ilungelo lokuvota liyisisekelo sentando yeningi, kodwa lihlala liphikiswa futhi lisongelwa emikhakheni eminingi. Ukuvikela amalungelo okuvota nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuvota kuyaqhubeka kuhilelekile kudinga ukuqapha nokuqapha.
Ukuqonda Ukusakaza Amalungelo Kuyazivikela
UMthetho-sisekelo unikeza isisekelo samalungelo okuvota ngokulungisa okuningi, kodwa umthetho kahulumeni uye wabaluleka ekuqinisekiseni lamalungelo. [Umthetho wobuVoting Rights Act ka-1965 wawuwumthetho ophawulayo owawunqabela ukucwasana ngokohlanga ekuvoteni futhi udinga imingcele ethile ehambisana nobandlululo ukuze kutholwe ukuvunyelwa kukahulumeni ngaphambi kokushintsha imithetho yokuvota.
Nokho, isinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme ka-2013 eShelby County v. UHaller walahla umthetho onqumayo ukuthi iziphi izifunda ezidinga ukuvunyelwa uhulumeni, zenza ukuba izivikelo zomthetho zibe buthaka kakhulu. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, amazwe amaningi aye amisa imingcele yokuvota entsha, okwenza amalungelo okuvota abaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili.
INational Voter Religistration Act[[FLT: 1] yenza ukubhalisa kovoti kungene ngokufuna izifundazwe ukuba zinikeze ukubhalisa e-DMVs nakwamanye amahhovisi kahulumeni. Phendula uMelika Vote Act isekeli yezindinganiso ezilinganiselwe ezilawula izimiso zokuvota nokuthola. Ukwakha nezakhamuzi zasolwandle i-Abreseesite Soling Sact ivikela amalungelo okuvota ezakhamuzi zaphesheya.
Ukulwa Nokucindezelwa Kwemishini
Ukucindezelwa kwamavoter kunezinqubo eziningi, kuhlanganise nezimfuneko eziqinile zomvoti ezithinta ngokungenakulinganiswa izimfuneko ze - ID yeqembu elincane, eselikhulile, nelaphansi; ukukhipha amavoti amavoti abafanele; ukunciphisa izikhathi zokuvota zakuqala nokuhlola izindawo emiphakathini ethile; futhi ukusebenzisa imingcele yokubhalisa eyenza kube nzima ukubhalisa noma ukubhalisa.
Amanye amasu okucindezela ahlanganisa ukunikeza imithombo engafanele ezindaweni ezithile, okuholela emigqeni emide futhi kulinde izikhathi eziningi; ukusakaza ukwaziswa okungeyikho ngezimfuneko zokuvota noma izinqubo; nokusabisa abavoti ezindaweni zokuvota.
Ukunqanda umvoti ngokuhlala wazisiwe ngemithetho yokuvota nezimfuneko ezweni lakini, ukusiza abanye ukuba baqondise ukubhaliswa nokuvota, ukuzinikela ngokuzithandela njengesisebenzi sokuvota noma ingqapheli yokhetho, ukubika ukucindezelwa kovoti abasolwayo ukuba bavikelwe abavikeli abashisayo, nokusekela ukuvinjelwa nokuvinjelwa kwemithetho yokuvimbela ukuvota.
Ukutholakala Kwegesi Eyandayo
Abasekeli bezimiso ezenza ukuvota kutholakale, njengokubhaliswa ngokuzenzakalelayo, ukubhaliswa kosuku olufanayo, ukuvota kwanda ngokushesha, ukungekho kwevoti, ukukhetha ngeposi, nokubuyiselwa kwamalungelo okuvota abantu abanezinkolelo zobugebengu.
Imizamo yokusekela ukwenza izindawo zokuvota zitholakale kalula kubantu abakhubazekile, ukunikeza usizo lwezilimi kubavoti abangakwazi isiNgisi, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izindawo zokuvota zanele ukuze kuvinjelwe izikhathi zokulinda ezinde.
Izinhlangano eziningi zihlela imizamo yokubhalisa, ikakhulukazi ukuhlasela imiphakathi engaphansi kwezindawo ezikhona. Ngisho namahora ambalwa okuzithandela angasiza ekubhaliseni inani labavoti abasha abaningi.
Ukuvikela Ubuqotho Obuyintandokazi
Nakuba kwanda ukutholakala, kubalulekile futhi ukuvikela ubuqotho bokhetho ngezimiso zokuvota ezilondekile, ezinqunywayo; izinqubo ezisobala zokubala nokugunyaza amavoti; nokuvikela okunamandla ekuphazanyisweni kwamanye amazwe nasekuhlawulweni kwemikhankaso yokusakaza ukwaziswa.
Sekela ukuqondisa kokhetho okungekho kwesigaba futhi uphikise imizamo yokumisa izinqubo zokukhetha. Umsekeli wezimali ezanele zesisekelo sokhetho nokulondeka. Ukuphindisela ekumangaleni okungamanga kokukhwabanisa okusakazekile, ngokuvamile okusetshenziselwa ukuthethelela imingcele yokuvota encishisiwe.
Imibuso eminingi ibhekene nokuswelakala kwezinkampani zokuvota, futhi ukukhonza kulendima kunikeza ukuqonda komuntu siqu ngezinqubo zokhetho kuyilapho yenza umsebenzi obalulekile womphakathi.
Amalungelo Nezindaba Zomuntu Siqu Kulenkathi Yanamuhla
Ubuchwepheshe buye bakha imingcele emisha yamalungelo abantu, buphakamisa imibuzo ephathelene nokungafihli muntu, ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile nokulingana ezimisweni ze - computer. Ukuqonda amalungelo emishini nokusekela ukuvikelwa kwawo kubaluleke kakhulu ezweni lethu elihlangene.
Amalungelo Ezindaba Zomuntu Siqu Enkathini Yokusetshenziswa Kwamanani
Ubuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe bemishini busiza ekuqoqeni ukwaziswa komuntu siqu okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili. Amakhampani ahlola indlela oziphatha ngayo kuyi-webhusayithi, indawo, izinto ozithengile nezokuxhumana. Izinhlangano zikahulumeni zihlela izinhlelo zokuhlola eziqoqa ukwaziswa okuningi ngemisebenzi yezakhamuzi.
Nakuba iSichibiyelo Sesine sivikela ekuphenyisweni okungenangqondo nasekuqubukeni, izinkantolo zisaphikisana nendlela lezi sivikelo ezisebenza ngayo ekwazisweni okuphathelene nemishini. Izinqumo za Muva nje zeNkantolo Ephakeme ziye zaqaphela ukuthi abantu banezithakazelo zomuntu siqu emininingwaneni yabo yocingo kanye nezinto eziqukethwe ocingo babo, kodwa imibuzo eminingi ayikaxazululwa.
Vikela imfihlo yakho ngokusebenzisa i-password eqinile, eyingqayizivele ekutholeni ama-akhawunti ahlukene; ukwenza isiqiniseko esinezici ezimbili; ukuqapha ukuthi yikuphi ukwaziswa okuhlanganyela kuyi - Internet; ukubukeza nokulungisa izinhlelo zomuntu siqu emithonjeni yezokuxhumana nakwezinye izindawo; ukusebenzisa ama-app ayimfihlo ukuze uxhumane nezindaba ezizwelayo; nokuqaphela ukuthi iziphi izinkampani zokwaziswa eziqoqayo nendlela ezikusebenzisa ngayo.
Ukusebenzisa I - Internet
ISichibiyelo Sokuqala sivikela inkulumo yakho ekuhlolweni uhulumeni, kodwa asizivimbeli izinkampani ezizimele ekufakeni ukwaziswa okusezitejini zazo. Izinkampani zezokuxhumana zinokukhetha okukhulu kokususa okuqukethwe futhi zimise abasebenzisi bazo, nakuba zibhekene nokucindezela okuvela ezinhlangothini ezihlukahlukene mayelana nendlela yokusebenzisa lokhu kuhlakanipha.
Izimpikiswano eziphathelene nenkulumo kuyi - Internet zihilela ukulinganisela phakathi kokukhuluma ngokukhululekile nokukhathazeka ngokuhlukunyezwa, inkulumo enenzondo, ukwaziswa okunganembile nokugqugquzelwa ebudloveni.
Abameleli bezimiso zokulinganisela eziqinile ezivikela kokubili ukuveza inkululeko nokuphepha komsebenzisi. Sekela amapulatifomu anika abasebenzisi amandla okulawula okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo siqu ngokuvimbela nangokuhlunga amathuluzi. Gxila imizamo kahulumeni ukuphoqa noma ukunqanda ukulinganisela okuthile okuqukethwe, okungasongela kokubili ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile nokulandisa ngesikhulumo.
Ukutholakala Nokutholakala Kwawo Ngezinombolo
Ukuthola i-inthanethi nobuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe kuye kwaba yisidingo sokuhlanganyela ngokugcwele emphakathini wanamuhla, kodwa kunezinto ezihluke kakhulu ezikhona kulowo okwaziyo ukuzisebenzisa. Ukwehlukana kwemishini kuthinta imiphakathi ethola imali encane, izindawo zasemaphandleni, kanye namaqembu athile amanani abantu, kulinganisela amathuba emfundo, imisebenzi, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, nokuhlanganyela komphakathi.
Abasekeli bezimiso ezithuthukisa amathuba okungena ezindaweni ezingasasetshenziswa, benze i - Internet ithenge imali, baqeqeshe labo abayifunayo futhi bafunde ukufunda nokubhala nge - computer, futhi baqiniseke ukuthi izinkonzo zikahulumeni nokwaziswa kutholakala kubantu abangenayo i - Internet.
Izikhungo zobuchwepheshe zomphakathi ezisekelayo, imitapo yezincwadi nezinye izinhlangano ezinikeza ukuqeqeshwa komphakathi nge - Internet nangamakhono emishini. Le mithombo ibalulekile kubantu abangenakho ukutholakala ekhaya nge - Internet noma amakhono okusebenzisa imishini yobuchwepheshe ngokuphumelelayo.
Imithetho Kahulumeni Nokucwasa
Imithetho yemithetho yenza noma ithonya ngokwandayo izinqumo eziphathelene nomsebenzi, ukuthenga ngesikweletu, izindlu, ukwahlulela kobugebengu, nezinye izici ezithinta amalungelo omphakathi.
Umsekeli wokwenza i-algorithm-yokwenza isinqumo, ikakhulukazi uma amanani esetshenziswa yizinhlangano zikahulumeni noma ezindaweni ezimbozwe imithetho yamalungelo abantu. Sekela izimfuneko zokuhlola imithetho-mithetho yokuhlola ubandlululo nemiphumela ehlukene. Ukusunduza izinqubo zokulandisa uma izimiso ze-algorithism ziveza imiphumela yokukhipha ubandlululo.
Hlala wazi ukuthi imithetho yamanani ithinta kanjani amalungelo omphakathi futhi izinhlangano ezisebenzela ukusingatha ubandlululo lwe-algorithism. Lena indawo eqalayo yokuqamba amalungelo omphakathi ezoba baluleke kakhulu uma ulwazi lokuzenzela nolwemishini luqala ukunda.
Ukwakha Izinsalela Nezinhlangothi Ezingaxhunyiwe
Ukulwela amalungelo ezakhamuzi kuyahlangana, futhi ukwakha imifelandawonye ezinhlanganweni ezihlukahlukene kuqinisa imizamo yokubusa futhi kusekele ubulungisa nokulingana.
Ukuqonda Ukuthi Ukhona Yini Ongase Ubhekane Nakho
Ukungezwani kuqaphela ukuthi abantu banezinto eziningi, ezidlulelaneyo ezithonya okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo ngokubandlululwa nelungelo. Ngokwesibonelo, owesifazane oNsundu ubhekana nakho kokubili ubuhlanga nobulili ngezindlela ezihlukile kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabesifazane abamhlophe noma kwamadoda aNsundu.
Ukuqonda ukuhlangana kwemigwaqo kusiza ukuba kwakhe izinyawo ezihlanganisa izinto ezithinta izenzakalo eziyinkimbinkimbi zabantu. Kuvimbela ukumelana nokucindezela okukodwa okungahambisani.
Sebenzisa ukucabanga okusemnqamulezweni ngokulalela nokugxilisa amazwi abantu abanezici eziningi ezingaphansi, uqaphela indlela izindaba ezihlukene ezixhumanisa ngayo, ukugwema ukucindezelwa okubeka phambili ezinye izimpi phezu kwabanye, nokwakha imifelandawonye esingatha izinhlobo eziningi zokungabi nabulungisa ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ukwakha Ukunyakaza Kwesiphambano
Abasekeli bobulungisa bezinhlanga bangasekelana ngemithetho yezobulungisa, abashisekeli bamalungelo abantu abakhubazekile bangahlanganyela emikhankasweni yobulungisa bemvelo, futhi izinhlangano zamalungelo abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe zingabambisana nezinhlangano zezisebenzi.
Ukwakha ubunye kuhilela ukuveza izimpi zeminye imiphakathi, ngisho noma ingakuthinti ngokuqondile; ukusebenzisa ilungelo lakho nesikhulumi ukuze uphakamise amazwi aphansi; ukunikeza imithombo namasu ezinhlangano; nokuqaphela abaphikisi abavamile nezimpande eziwubuhlakani ezihlukene zokucindezela.
Izindawo zokukhokha ziphumelela kakhulu uma zakhiwe ebuhlotsheni obuqotho nasenhloniphoni, hhayi nje izivumelwano zesikhashana zokusiza. Isikhathi sokusebenzisa inzuzo ekwakheni ukwethembana, ukuqonda izinto eziza kuqala nemiphakathi ehlukahlukene, nokwakha izakhiwo zokwenza izinqumo ezifanayo.
Ukuprakthiza
Uma unelungelo kwezinye izindawo, noma ungaba nelungelo elisekelwe ohlwini, ebulilini, ebukhoneni, ekhonweni, noma kwezinye izici, ungalisebenzisa lelolungelo ekusekeleni imiphakathi engaphansi kwemingcele. Ukusekela okuphumelelayo kuhilela ukulalela okungaphezu kokukhuluma, ukulandela ukuhola kwemiphakathi ethintekile, ukusebenzisa ilungelo lakho lokwakha amathuba nokuthola ithuba lokuthola abanye, nokukhuluma ngokumelene nobandlululo ngisho nalapho kululaza.
Ukwenziwa kwesakhiwo kusho futhi ukuzimisela ukwenza amaphutha, ukwamukela ukusabela, futhi uqhubeke ufunda. Kuwumkhuba oqhubekayo, hhayi ulwazi olumisiwe. Gxila ezenzweni nasemphumeleni kunokufuna ukuqashelwa noma ukudunyiswa ngokuba umngane.
Izinhlangano ezisekelayo eziholwa futhi zikhonze imiphakathi engaphansi kunokuba zikhulumele noma zakhe izinhlangano ezihambisana nazo, zifake iminikelo emsebenzini wazo, futhi zibambe umkhuba wazo ezindabeni ezithinta imiphakathi yazo.
Ukusekela Ukuthatha Kwakho Ithuba Elide
Umsebenzi wamalungelo omphakathi umjaho, hhayi umjaho. Ukunakekela isithembiso sakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kudinga ukunakekela enhlalakahleni yakho siqu nasemasuleni okugwema ukutubeka.
Ukugwema Ukutubeka Ngokweqile
Ukuzitika kungakhathaza ngokomzwelo nangokomzimba, ikakhulukazi lapho intuthuko ibonakala ihamba kancane noma isithiyo sivela.
Zivikele ekutubekeni ngokubeka imingcele ekuthatheni kwakho imingcele yokusebenza nokuzinika isikhathi sokuphumula nokuvuselela; ukugubha ukunqoba okuncane nentuthuko, ungagxili nje kulokho okusamelwe kwenziwe; ukwakha imiphakathi esekelayo nabanye abashisekeli abaqonda izinselele; futhi uthuthukise imisebenzi yakho ukuze ungagxili nje kuphela emsebenzini okhathaza kakhulu ngokomzwelo.
Khumbula ukuthi ukuzinakekela akukona ubugovu, kudingekile ukuze usekele ikhono lakho lokuhamba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngeke uthulule inkomishi engenalutho, futhi ukunyakaza kudinga abantu abahlala bethembisene umshado isikhathi eside.
Ukuthola Indima Endinganisweni
Akuwona wonke umuntu okudingeka enze yonke into. Izinhlangano zidinga abantu abanamakhono angafani nanezindima ezihlukene. Abanye abantu bangabahleli bemvelo, abanye bangcono ekucwaningeni noma ekubhaleni, abanye bangcono ekukhulumeni obala, kanti abanye bakhetha ukusekela umsebenzi.
Zibonele ukuthi unamandla kangakanani futhi unesithakazelo kuwe, futhi uthole izindlela zokunikela ngokuvumelana nawo. Uyophumelela futhi ube nokwenzeka ngokwengeziwe ukuba uqhubeke uhlanganyela uma wenza umsebenzi ovumelana namakhono akho futhi ukuqinise.
Futhi kulungile ngezinga lakho kanye nohlobo lokuhileleka kwakho ukushintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kusekelwe ezimweni zakho, amandla, nezithakazelo. Izinhlangano zidinga kokubili abantu abangenza izibopho ezinkulu nalabo abanikela ngezindlela ezincane, eziqinile.
Ukulondoloza Ithemba Nombono
Intuthuko yamalungelo omphakathi ngokuvamile ayilingani, futhi intuthuko elandelwa ukuwohloka kwemizwa nezikhathi zokungahlali phambili. Ukulondoloza ithemba phakathi nezikhathi ezinzima kudinga umbono ongokomlando nokuhlobana komphakathi.
Ngokuvamile abashisekeli bempi abanqoba kakhulu basebenza iminyaka eminingi noma amashumi eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba babone imiphumela. Ukuphikelela kwabo lapho bebhekene nokuphikiswa nezithiyo kwenza kwaba noshintsho.
Ukulwa nokuphumelela nabanye abawuqondayo umsebenzi kusiza ekulondolozeni isisusa futhi kunikeze isikhuthazo ezikhathini ezinzima.
Gxila kulokho ongakwazi ukulawula kanye nethonya ongaba nalo engxenyeni yakho yethonya. Ungahluleka ukushintsha isimiso sezwe esisodwa, kodwa ungenza umehluko emphakathini wakini, usekele abantu ababhekene nobandlululo, futhi ufaka igalelo ezinhlangothini ezibanzi zoshintsho.
Ukuthatha Isinyathelo: Izinyathelo Ozothatha
Ukuqonda amalungelo omphakathi nezindlela eziningi zokuwavikela nokuwathuthukisa kumane nje kuyisiqalo.
Qala ngokukhetha indawo eyodwa noma ezimbili lapho ufuna ukugxila khona emfundweni yakho.
Beka ikhonkthi, imigomo efinyelelekayo yesithembiso sakho somphakathi. Lokhu kungasho ukuvota noma yiluphi ukhetho, ukuya emhlanganweni owodwa womphakathi ngenyanga, ukuzinikela amahora ambalwa ngesonto ukuze usekele inhlangano oyisekelayo, noma ukwenza iminikelo yasikhathi sonke emaqenjini alwela amalungelo omphakathi. Izenzo ezingaguquguquki ziveza ithonya elikhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Hlanganisa nabanye abazimisele ukulwela amalungelo omphakathi, bakhona, bahlanganyele emiphakathini esebenzisa i - Internet futhi bakhe ubuhlobo nabanye abashisekeli.
Qhubeka ufunda futhi ukhula ekuqondeni kwakho izindaba zamalungelo omphakathi. Funda kabanzi, lalela amazwi ahlukene, funda izenzakalo zemfundo, futhi uhlale ukulungele ukuzwa imibono emisha. Umphakathi wamalungelo omphakathi uhlala ukhona njalo, futhi ukuhlala unolwazi kukusiza ukuba ube ummeleli ophumelelayo.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, khumbula ukuthi izindaba zakho zokuhlanganyela. Intando yeningi ixhomeke ezakhamuzini ezithembisene ukuwaqonda amalungelo azo, eziwasebenzisa ngenkuthalo, futhi zisebenzele ukuzivikela kuwo wonke umuntu.
Amalungelo omphakathi owajabulelayo namuhla akhona ngoba izizukulwane zangaphambili ziwalwela, ngokuvamile zilahlekelwa kakhulu. Unelungelo nomthwalo wemfanelo wokuvikela lamalungelo futhi uwandise ezizukulwaneni ezizayo. Ngokuthatha isinyathelo − noma yisiphi isimo esithathwa yilesosenzo, uba yingxenye yesiko elide lamaMelika asebenzela ukwenza isithembiso sokulingana nobulungisa sibe yiqiniso kubo bonke.
Amalungelo akho omphakathi awayona imiqondo engabonakali noma izinto ezingokomlando eziwubufakazi obuphilayo obudinga ukuqapha njalo nokuzivikela okukhuthele.
Umbuzo awukona ukuthi ungenza umehluko yini, kodwa ukhetha ukwenza mehluko ongakanani. amandla okuvikela amalungelo omphakathi nokuthuthukisa ubulungisa asemandleni akho.