Inkathi elandela ukhetho lwesizwe ingenye yezigaba ezibucayi kakhulu kuhulumeni wentando yeningi. Ayiwona umdlalo wokulinda kuze kube yilapho umholi olandelayo ethatha isikhundla; kunalokho, iyinqubo ehlelwe ngokucophelela eklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwamandla okuthula nokuhleleka. Loluhlelo oluningi olulandelanayo oludlulisa imiphumela yokukhetha, inkathi yokushintsha okungokomthetho, kanye nokunikezelwa kwenqubo eqinisekisa ukuqhubekeka kukahulumeni, ukulondeka kwesizwe, nokuzinza okusebenzayo. Nakuba ukhetho ngokwalo luthatha ukunakekela kwembulunga yonke, izinqubo ezilandela indlela yokuphatha okusha okungaqala ngayo ukubusa ngosuku olulodwa. Ukuqonda lezi zinyathelo kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukubusa nokuyinkimbinkimbi kombuso wentando yentando yeningi.

Ukuqinisekisa Ngemiphumela Yokukhetha

Isiqinisekiso semiphumela yokukhetha sinyathelo esiyisisekelo esiqinisekisa umphumela wedemokrasi futhi sibangele inqubo yokuguqula. Lokhu akusona isenzakalo esisodwa; kudlula emazingeni amaningi kahulumeni futhi kungathatha amasonto ambalwa noma ngisho nezinyanga. Lenqubo iklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukunemba, ukuxazulula izimpikiswano, futhi inikeze isilinganiso esiqinisekisiwe ngaphambi kokuba noma isiphi ukudluliswa kwamandla kuqale.

Isiqinisekiso sokushaya indiva kwesilinganiso sikahulumeni

Ngokushesha ngemva koSuku Lokhetho, umbuso ngamunye uqala inqubo yawo yokuhlola nokuvala izincwadi. Uhulumeni namabhodi okukhetha endawo abukeza izilinganiso zamavoti avela kuzo zonke izingxenye, ukuhlola, futhi abhale amavoti ezinhlanga eziseduze uma kufunwa umthetho kahulumeni. Umbuso ngamunye unomthetho omisiwe − ngasekupheleni kuka-Novemba noma ekuqaleni kuka-December. Ngokusho kwenqubo okumelwe umbusi noma isikhulu esimisiwe sivume imiphumela yezwe lonke. Le mvume iyisimemezelo esingokomthetho sokuwina kwevoti kahulumeni othandwayo futhi, ngokwesilinganiso, ibhodi yabavoti emiswe e-Elctoral College. I-clate iveza isikhulu se-igoverse [[FLD:] [FLD]], ibhulopo esemthethweni ehlela imvumeni engokomthetho.

I - Electoral College

E-United States, umongameli akakhethwa ngokuqondile ngevoti ethandwayo kodwa u-Electoral College. Uma nje imvume kahulumeni isiphelile, abavoti abamisiwe bahlangana ezinhloko- dolobha zabo zombuso ngoLwesithathu lokuqala ngemva kweyesithathu sesibili ngoDecember (cishe phakathi noDesember). Baphonsa izimvume zabo zikamongameli nomongameli. La mavoti abhaliwe kuvoti [[FLT]] abamelelibo ababoshelwe ivoti [[[FLTY:1], abe esethunyelwa kumongameli weSishayamthetho (iphini esiphethe), umongameli wezinqolobane seZinqolobane, umongameli weZinqolobane neRecords Administration, umongameli wezwe, umongameli wezwe, uhulumeni wezwe, nomphathi wejaji wenkantolo yesifunda kulelozwe. I-National Reverysbookardss ofliordern yale proverdimenty.

Isiqinisekiso Se - congress

Inyathelo lokugcina enqubweni yokugunyaza amafamende okhetho lenzeka ngo-January 6, lapho isigaba esihlangene soMkhandlu sihlangana ukuze sibale amavoti akhethiweyo. Isekela likamongameli, elisebenza njengomongameli weSigele, liqondisa isimiso. Amavoti akhethiwe angohulumeni afundwa ngokuzwakalayo futhi adingeke ngokulandelana kwemikhondo. Uma kungekho ukuphikisa okuphakanyiswayo futhi kokubili iNdlu neSishaya-mthetho kuvumela ukubale, isekela likamongameli limemezela ngokusemthethweni ukuthi ukunqoba. Lokhu kuyisikhathi lapho umphumela wokhetho uqinisekiswa ngokomthetho yi-Congress Congress. I-ocearies uyivelakancane kodwa ingavusa impikiswano futhi idinga amavoti ehlukene egumbini ngalinye. Uma izibalo seziphelele, umphumela uba umphumela, futhi ukushintsha kuhamba kusuka esigabeni sawo sokugcina, futhi inqubo inqubo yokushintsha iqhubekele kakhulu.

Ukushintsha Amandla

Ukushintsha kwamandla kuwukulawula kwebhuloho eliphetheyo kusuka kwenye i-authorist kuya kwenye. Kuwumzamo ohlangene kakhulu ohilela ukubusa okuphumayo, iqembu elizayo, nezinhlangano zikahulumeni. Umgomo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umongameli omusha angathatha ukulawulwa okugcwele kwegatsha eliphethe ngoSuku lokuHlakaniphiswa kwezwe ngaphandle kwegebe elikulondekile noma ukubusa.

Isinyathelo Sokushintsha Komongameli

Isisekelo sokushintsha kwanamuhla komongameli simiswa yi- Pressidential Transition Act [PT], yadlula ekuqaleni ngo- 1963 futhi yalungisa izikhathi eziningi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. UMthetho ugunyaza i-General Service Service Administration (GSA) ukunikeza imithombo nokusekela abazothatha isikole kanye nomphathi-kahulumeni. Ibuye ibeke iziqondiso zokuthola ukwaziswa okuhlukanisa, ukuvikela kwesikhashana, nokusetshenziswa kwe-ocester devicence nenkxaso yezezimali. I-PTA iklanyelwe ukuhambisa ukuthunyelwa okuhlelekileyo nokuphumelelayo kwamandla, ngisho nasezimweni eziqinile noma ezingoko ngokomlando.

Indima Ye - GSA Nokuqiniseka

Esinye sezinqumo ezilandela kakhulu esikhathini sokukhetha sangemva kokhetho senziwa nguMphathi we-General Service Administration. I-GSA inomthwalo wemfanelo wokukhipha isiqinisekiso [] nencwadi eqaphela ngokomthetho ukuthi ukunqoba okusobala kokhetho. Uma nje lokhu kuqiniseka kusasayinwa, i-GSA ingakhulula izimali zokuguqula, inikeza umnyango owenezekelwe emkhakheni wehhovisi likahulumeni, izimiso zokuxhumana, futhi ihlukanise inqubo yokukhankamisa. I-a eyaziwa ngokomthetho ukuthi ukunqoba ukhetho, njengoba kubonakala kuhlelwe ngokhetho oluthile oludluleyo. Umqondisi wezwe kumelwe ahlole isikhathi esingokomthetho nezombangazwe, kodwa indima kamongameli ayiyona neze, ukuphatha kwezombangazwe.

Amaqembu Okubukeza Asebesha

Phakathi nenkathi yokushintsha, iqembu lomhleli lihlela amaqembu okubukeza aqalayo (ngezinye izikhathi abizwa ngokuthi amaqembu okuhlalisa) kumnyango wezwe ngalinye nenhlangano. La maqembu, akhiwe ochwepheshe bezimiso, iziphathi zezomthetho, nezisebenzi zomsebenzi, aqhuba izikhawu ezijulile emikhankasweni eqhubekayo, izinto eziza kuqala, ukuhlelwa kwemithetho, ukuhlelwa kwemithetho, nokusongelwa kwesizwe. Athola imibhalo ebanzi, afunda izigaba zemisebenzi ezicaciwe, nezingxoxo zemisebenzi yemisebenzi yezokushintshashintsha. Umgomo ukuveza imisebenzi ebanzi ezokwazisa izisebenzi ezintsha zezisebenzi, isimiso, isimiso, nezinhlelo zemithetho. Le nqubo ibalulekile ekuqondeni isimo samanje sikahulumeni nokugwema ukuhlelwa kwezindawo noma ukuvinjelwa kokwaziswa okungafanele.

Izimiso Nokulondeka Kuyacwebezela

Iqembu lezokuqondisa lezokuqasha kumelwe lisebenzise izimfuneko zezimiso zokusebenza nokucophelela. Ama-mine asebenzela izikhundla ze-khathekhadi, izisebenzi zeWhite House, nezikhulu zezinhlangano eziphezulu kumele zigcwalise amafomu ezezimali, ihlelwe i FBI, futhi lithole izisekelo zesikhashana noma ezihlala njalo. Inqubo yokuhlola isebenza eduze neWhite House Counser’s Office ne Office of Government Ethicle ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvumelana nemithetho ephikisanayo, ukumisa imingcele, ne-Ethicscs finic efunwa ngaphansi koMthetho we-Hulumend 13989 (noma owalandelayo). Lenqubo yokuhlola isebenza ngokuseduze i-incomeka isikhathi futhi iyaqhubeka kahle ngemva koSuku Losuku lokulungisa Izimiso, kodwa ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukwethembeka komphakathi nokulondeka komphakathi.

Ukuxhasa Nemithombo

Ukushintshwa kwegunya kuxhaswe ngenhlanganisela yemithombo yomphakathi neyezeziqu. Umthetho we-Presidential Transition Act ugunyaza i-GSA ukuba inike izimali ezithile ezizosetshenziswa iqembu lomongameli lokhetho olungumongameli cishe ezigidini zama-irandi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abameleli nezinhlangano zoguqulo bangaphakamisa imali yokuhlanganisa izisebenzi, ukuhamba, nezindleko zehhovisi, ezihambisana nemingcele engokomthetho nezimfuneko zokukhipha ulwazi. Ukuqondisa ukuphuma kwe-GSA kunikeza futhi imishini yokuxhumana, imishini evikela ihhovisi lesikhashana. Ukubambisana kwale mithombo kulawulwa yi-Whouse Coordinating Courageding, esungulwe ngesimiso sezempatho, okuhlanganisa abameleli be-GSA, ihhovisi lomthetho ne-Hofisi ye-National Security, i-National Security Council, nezinye izinhlangano ze-omme.

Ukuvulwa Komnqumo

Ukunikezelwa kungumkhosi ophakeme wokudluliswa kwegunya. Kuyimfuneko yomthetho-sisekelo nokugujwa komphakathi kwentando yeningi. Kuthathwa ngoJanuary 20 (ngaphandle kokuba lolo suku lufike ngeSonto, lapho umkhosi wangasese ungaqhutshelwa khona ngaphambili), ukunikezelwa kuhlanganisa ukufunga umongameli nomongameli oyisekela, ikheli lokuqalwa, kanye nochungechunge lwamasiko asukela emuva ekusungulweni kwesizwe.

Isifungo Sehhovisi

Emini emini kanye ngoJanuary 20, umongameli uthatha isifungo sesikhundla njengoba simiswe yi-Athict II yoMthetho-sisekelo: “Ngifunga kakhulu (noma ngiqinisekisa) ukuthi ngiyolikhipha ngokwethembeka iHhovisi likaMongameli wase-United States, futhi ngizokwenza konke okusemandleni ami, ngilondoloze, ngivikele futhi ngivikele uMthetho-sisekelo wase-United States.” UMahluleli oyinhloko wase-United States unikeza isifungo, nakuba siye sasetshenziswa abanye abahluleli ezimweni ezingavamile zomlando. Isekela likamongameli lithatha isifungo esihlukile, futhi limiswe ngomthetho, elihlanganisa ukufunga nokusekela nokuvikela uMthetho-sisekelo. Isifungo esinembile nesikhathi sokusebenza kwaso sigxekwa: ukudluliswa kwamandla akuphelele kuze kufezwe isifungo.

Amasiko Nemikhuba

Izenzakalo zosuku zigcwele isiko, eziningi zihlelwe yi-[FL:0] i-Aintt Congress Committee on Inaugralial Committee on Inferences [ [izenzakalo zosuku zihlanganisa umongameli ozobuyiswa eCapitol, umcimbini wokufunga eNtshonalanga yeCapitol, ikheli, ikheli lombukiso, umbukiso ohamba ngasePennsylvania Avenue, kanye nebhola eligcweleyo ebusuku. Umongameli ophumayo nomongameli wesidlalipurente uhambayo badlalela imikhosi, ubonakalisa ukuguquka okunokuthula. Idili lika-JCICIC eliphethe umongameli omusha, umongameli, i-buthonga, i-budiauniom, i-couniordia ingeye isiko elide. Umongameli abaningi basebenzisa ikheli lokubusa, izinombolo zesizwe, izinombolo zesizwe.

Ukulondeka Nobuciko

USuku lokuqapha lungomunye wemisebenzi emikhulu kakhulu yokuvikela e-United States. Inkonzo ye-Screenshoren Service ihola ukuhlelwa kokubambisana ne-Capitol Police, i-Park, i-National Guard, i-FBI, kanye nezinye izinhlangano eziningi zikahulumeni, umbuso, nezindawo zendawo. Lesi senzakalo simiswa njengeSimemezelo seSimemezelo seSizwe Sokuvikela Esikhethekile (NSE), esivula imithombo eyengeziwe yombuso kanye nezindlela zokuphepha ezibanzi. Izindawo zokuvikela, izikhongozeli zomgwaqo, imishini yokuhlola, nezimiso zokuhlola zithunyelwe zithunyelwe. Isenzweni sidinga futhi imizamo emikhulu yokulawula izixuku, izinkonzo zezokwelapha, izinkonzo zokwelapha, ezokuxhumana nokuxhumana ngokuthula.

Uphawu Lokuthuthwa Ngokuthula

Ukunikezelwa kungaphezu komkhosi; kuwuphawu olunamandla lokuqhubekela phambili kwentando yeningi. Ukusuka kuhulumeni othile kuya komunye, kuya komunye, impela kusukela kumongameli weqembu elithile kuya kumongameli welinye,(8) amademoni okuthi amandla athathwe ngokuvuma kwababuswayo, hhayi ngamandla. Lokhu kumiswa, ukudluliselwa okunokuthula kwamandla kuyisici esiphawula ukubusa kwentando yeningi yaseMelika futhi kuvame ukuvezwa njengenye yezifezi zayo ezinkulu. Ukunikezelwa komphakathi, ngemicikilisho yayo, izifungo, nemikhosi, kuqinisa ukufaneleka kwenqubo yokhetho nokuqina kwesimiso somthetho-mthetho. Kuyisikhathi lapho isizwe, naphezu kokuhlukana kwezombangazwe, kuhambisana nokuzibonela ukuvuseneka kukahulumeni waso.

Umlando Nokubaluleka Kokungaguquguquki

Inqubo yokuguqulwa kwangemva kokukhethwa iye yaqala kakhulu emlandweni wezwe. Ushintsho lokuqala lwalulufushane futhi lwalungahleliwe, futhi lungahambisani kakhulu phakathi kwezikhulu ezikhululekile nezizayo. Isimiso sanamuhla saqala ukumiswa ngemva kokhetho lwango-1800, olwaholela eSiphendulweni seTwelfth, futhi ngokusemthethweni kakhulu ngemva kokubulawa kukaMongameli William McKinley ngo1901, olwaqokomisa isidingo sokuqhubeka kwezikhathi zenhlekelele. Izinguquko eziphawulekayo zamiswa ngemva kokhetho luka-1960, olwadalula izikhala zezokuphepha kwesizwe, nangemva kokhetho lwango 2000, olwagcizelela izinselele zokugcinwa kwe-crective.

Muva nje, i-Presidential Transvention Reformation Act ka-2015 kanye nokulungisa okulandelayo kuye kwaqinisa inqubo ngokukhuthaza ukuhlelwa kwangaphambili, kudinga amaqembu aguqulwayo angaphambi kokhetho, futhi kunikeza ukufinyelela okungcono kokuhlakanipha kanye nemininingwane kahulumeni. Ihhovisi lokuqungamele ukuqulwa kwecala [ lithole inqubo engcono ehlanganisa ukukhulumisana okucacile phakathi kwamaqembu aphumayo nazayo, ukubambisana okugcwele kwezisebenzi zokusebenza, nokuhlelwa kwekhono okuqinile. Ukuhlelwa kukahulumeni kuqinisekisa ukuthi ngisho naphakathi koshintsho, isizwe sihlala sivikelekile ezinsongweni zangaphandle, ukuntengantenga, nezinhlekelele zemvelo. Ukubaluleka kwalokhu kuqhubekeka kungena ukumiswa: ukushintsha komthetho wokushintsha ukuncitshiswa, ukumiswa kwesizwe, ukumiswa kwe-ondle, ukumiswa kwe-osebuzwe.

Isiphetho

Inkathi yangemva kokukhetha isiqephu esiyinkimbinkimbi kodwa esibalulekile enqubweni yentando yeningi. Kusukela ekuqiniseni ngokucophelela kwamavoti ngombuso, i-Electoral College, kanye nezimiso zokuhlela, kuya ekuhleleni okukhulu okuhilela izinkulungwane zezikhulu, futhi ekugcineni ekuvumeni okungokomfanekiso nokungokomthetho wokumiswa, isinyathelo ngasinye siqinisa ukubusa komthetho kanye nokudluliselwa ngokuthula kwamandla. Nakuba umphakathi ugxila kakhulu ekukhetheni ngokwawo, ukuqina kwezimiso zokhetho kuqinisekisa ukuthi umnqobi angabusa ngokuphumelelayo kusukela ngosuku olulodwa. Ukuqonda lenqubo engokomthetho, izinselele zayo zomthetho, nokuziphendukela kwawo okungokomlando kuveza ukwazisa okujulileyo ngokubusa kwentando yentando yeningi. Isimiso asikho ukuphelela, kodwa siphinde sithuthukise isimiso sokusekela amandla okungalawule ngezandla, kodwa asishintshi ngezenzo zezandla.