Table of Contents

Ukhetho lwe-mistment lumelela enye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zentando yeningi yaseMelika, eyenzeka maphakathi kanye nenkathi yeminyaka emine kamongameli. Lokhetho lusebenza njengenqubo enamandla kubavoti yokuveza ukwaneliseka kwabo noma ukunganeliseki ngokuqondisa kwamanje, ukuhlela uhlelo lwemithetho yesikhathi esisele sobumongameli, futhi ngokuyisisekelo lushintshe ukulingana kwegunya eWashington. Ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani phakathi nokhetho phakathi naphakathi kweminyaka emine nokuthi kungani kubalulekile kunoma ubani ofuna ukuqonda indlela uhulumeni waseMelika asebenza ngayo noma indlela izakhamuzi ezingathonya ngayo isiqondiso senqubo.

Ukuqonda Umjikelezo Wesikhathi Sokukhetha

Ukhetho lwe-micter lungolweminyaka emibili uhulumeni ukhetha ngayo kanye phakathi kwegama likamongameli leminyaka emine, eyenzeka eminyakeni ephakathi nokhetho lukamongameli, enegama "inqumo" livela emathubeni awo phakathi kwesikhulu sobumongameli. Lo khetho lulandela uhlelo olugunyazwe umthetho oluqinisekisa ukulandisa nokumelelwa njalo kuhulumeni kahulumeni.

Kuthatha amavoti eMicter ngoSuku Lokukhetha, oluqala ngoLwesibili ngemva koMsombuluko wokuqala ngoNovember. Lesi sikhathi siye samiswa umthetho kahulumeni wokunikeza ukuvumelana nokubikezela inqubo yokuvota, ukuvumela izikhulu ezivotayo, abavoti, nabavoti ukuba balungiselele kahle kusengaphambili.

Ukuthi Ikuphi Okukhona Okuhlolwayo Phakathi Nokukhetha Okuphakathi Nengxenye

Izingqungquthela

Ngaphansi koMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S., zonke izihlalo ezingu- 435 eNdlu yabameleli kumelwe zibhekane nabavoti njalo ngemva kweminyaka emibili, njengoba abameleli besebenzisa amagama athatha iminyaka emibili. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ilungu ngalinye lendlu kumelwe lilwenze umkhankaso wokuzinyulela phakathi neminyaka yaphakathi, lenze lokhu khetho kube yikho okulandela ngokukhethekile ukuhlelwa kwekamelo eliphansi leSishaya-Hulumeni.

ISigele esiyingxenye eyikhulu sihlukaniswa ngamakilasi amathathu ajikelezayo, okusho ukuthi cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zezihlalo zezigele − cishe u-33 kuya ku-35) incintiswana kunoma yimuphi unyaka wokukhetha, kuhlanganise nama-padter. Izigebengu zisebenzisa amagama athatha iminyaka eyisithupha, anika ukuqina okwengeziwe ekamelweni eliphezulu kuyilapho kuqinisekisa ukuthi inqunywa njalo.

Imibuso Namahhovisi Endawo

Ngaphandle kwezikhundla zikahulumeni, ukhetho lwaphakathi nenkathi ephakathi luhlanganisa izinhlu eziningi zemincintiswano kahulumeni nezindawo. Izifundazwe ezingamashumi amathathu anesine kwezingu-50 U.S. zikhetha ababusi bazo ngeminyaka emine phakathi nokhetho phakathi nenkathi yokuvota, kanti uVermont no-New Hampshire bakhetha ababusi abakhethayo kumagama athatha iminyaka emibili phakathi nesikhathi sokhetho kanye nomongameli, okuphumela ekukhethweni kwababusi abangu-36 phakathi nokhetho lwaphakathi kwezikhathi ezithile.

Izikhulu eziningi ezikhethayo futhi ezindlini zomthetho eziphethe phakathi neminyaka, futhi kukhona nokhetho oluqhutshwa ezingeni likamasipala, kanye namanye amameya amaningi, amanye amahhovisi omphakathi endawo, kanye nezinyathelo zezakhamuzi eziningi ezihlukahlukene ezibhekiswe kumshini wokuvota. Lemincintiswano yombuso neyomphakathi ingaba nethonya elikhulu ekubusweni, ekukhishweni kwezimiso, nasekuphileni kwansuku zonke kwezakhamuzi ngezindlela ezidlula ithonya lokhetho lombuso.

Isibonelo Somlando: Isizathu Sokuba Iqembu Lomongameli Lilahlekelwe Ngokuvamile

Enye yezindlela eziguquguqukayo kwezombangazwe ze-America iwukuthambekela kokuba iqembu lomongameli lilahlekelwe izihlalo phakathi nokhetho phakathi neMpi Yezwe II. Kusukela ngeMpi Yezwe II, iqembu lomongameli liye lalahlekelwa isilinganiso sezihlalo ezingu-26 eNdlu nesilinganiso sezihlalo ezine eSihlalweni seSigele. Lento ithembeke kakhulu kangangokuba ososayensi bezombangazwe nabahlaziyi baye balindela ukuba kube yindawo evamile kunokuba kube yiyo ehlukile.

Kusukela ngo-1934 kuya ku-2018, ukhetho lwama-22 phakathi no-1934, iqembu lomongameli liye lalahlekelwa izihlalo ezingu-28 nezihlalo ezine zeSishaya-mthetho, isigaba somongameli sithola izihlalo eNdlu kathathu kuphela kodwa sithola izihlalo eSihlalweni seSigeqe ngezikhathi eziyisithupha. Lezi zibalo zigcizelela ukuthi kunzima kangakanani ukuba iqembu elilawula iWhite House ukuba lilondoloze noma landise ama-operation alo phakathi neminyaka emiphakathi.

Okuhlukile Kulomthetho

Njengoba kwasungulwa ukhetho oluqondile phakathi nenkathi yomphakathi, ezimweni eziyisishiyagalombili kuphela iqembu lomongameli liye lathola izihlalo eMzini noma eNdlwini, futhi kulezo, ezimbili kuphela (1634) ngaphansi kukaFranklin D. Roosevelt no 2002 ngaphansi kukaGeorge W. Bush .

Iqembu likamongameli liye lathola izihlalo zendlu phakathi nezikhathi ezine kuphela kusukela ngawo-1930: ngo-1934 phakathi nokujula kokwehla Kwezomnotho okukhulu, ngo-1962 ngokushesha ngemva kweCuban Missile Crisis, ngo-1998 phakathi nomzamo wokuzimela weClinton, nango 2002 ngemva kuka-September 11. Ngamunye walezi zikhawu zenzeka phakathi nezimo ezingavamile ezasekela umphakathi kumongameli wesiqeshana.

I-Ich ka-"Six-nyaka"

Ukulahlekelwa phakathi kwesikhathi sesibili sikamongameli kuvame ukuvela kakhulu kunaphakathi nenkathi yabo yokuqala, kulokho okuchazwa ngokuthi "i-ishrick yeminyaka eyisithupha"" lesi sibonelo sisikisela ukuthi ukukhathala komvoti ngokuphatha kunqwabelana ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okwenza kube nzima nakakhulu ngomongameli ukugcina ukusekelana kwengqungquthela njengoba beqhubeka.

Isizathu Sokuba Ukukhetha Phakathi Kwezigaba Kubaluleke: Amahlelo Okubusa

Ukulawula Izinhlangano

Ukhetho lwe-Midter lunquma ukulinganisela kwamandla eSishaya-mthetho, ukumisa uhlelo lwezishaya-mthetho lwegama likamongameli, futhi ngokomlando lusebenza njenge-arendium ephethe umsebenzi nezimiso zikamongameli ohlezi. Iqembu elilawula uKhongolo lisebenzisa ithonya elikhulu kakhulu elithathwa yizindleko, iziphi izinqubo ezikhona, futhi umongameli angaphumelela kanjani ekusebenziseni uhlelo lwabo.

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwesimiso senhlangano yanamuhla eshumini leminyaka ngaphambi kweMpi Yombango, le House iye yashintsha izakhiwo phakathi nokhetho olungaphezudlwana kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zesikhathi, kodwa kusuka ekushintsheni kwengqikithi yeGaza le-19 kuleso sikhathi, amakota angaphezu kwamathathu asenzekile phakathi nenkathi. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi phakathi phakathi nendawo kuyindlela eyinhloko lapho amaqembu asebenzela khona ukushintshana phakathi kwengqungquthela.

Ithonya Kumongameli We - Agenda

Lapho iqembu eliphikisayo lithola ukulawulwa yigumbi elilodwa noma zombili leSishaya-Mkhandlu phakathi nokhetho lwaphakathi nenkathi, ikhono likamongameli lokuthuthukisa izinqumo zabo eziza kuqala liba yimigoqo ephawulekayo. ISishaya-mthetho esilawulwa yiqembu eliphikisayo singavimbela ukuthatha izinyathelo zobumongameli, senqabe ukuqinisekisa abaphethe, senze uphenyo olunonya, futhi siphishekele izinto eziza kuqala ezihlukene.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma iqembu likamongameli lilondoloza noma landisa iziqu zalo eziyinhloko, qhama izenzakalo ezingavamile, ukuphathwa kweqembu kuthola inkululeko enkulu yokuphishekela amacebo alo ngaphandle kwezithiyo ezinkulu zokushaya umthetho. Lokhu kungaholela ezinkathini zikahulumeni onobunye lapho ushintsho olukhulu lwezimiso lungenzeka khona.

Ukukhonza Njengendawo Yokubuyisela Uhulumeni Emsebenzini Wobumongameli

Ukhetho lwe-Midter luvame ukubhekwa njengophawu lokubhekisa kumalungu asebuthweni, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukukhethwa kwamalungu e-Congress kuhlobene kakhulu nesimo sengqondo somphakathi ngomongameli, nezihlalo zokujingajinga zilokhu zingena eqenjini elingahloniphi uma umongameli wamanje evunyelwa umphakathi ephansi, futhi indida uma umphakathi ekholelwa ukuthi ukuphatha kwawo kuhamba kahle.

Izinga lomphakathi ovunyelwa umongameli ohloniphekile liphawuleka kakhulu, njengoba ukuvunyelwa kuncipha inani elikhulu lezihlalo ezilahleka yiqembu lomongameli, futhi ngalokhu inkathi yaphakathi ithathwa njenge-arhente kumongameli ongowobungcuphe. Lobu buhlobo phakathi kokuvunyelwa kukamongameli nemiphumela yaphakathi nendawo bunikeza abavoti inqubo yokuveza imibono yabo ngekhono lomphathi.

Kusukela kumongameli we-FDR, abaphathi abanobukhulu obuphansi bemvume yomphakathi baye balahlekelwa isilinganiso sezihlalo ezingu-37 zomphakathi phakathi naphakathi, futhi bangabameli ababili kuphela `Bill Clinton noGeorge W. Bush_wabe nesilinganiso sokuvunyelwa umphakathi ngaphezu kwamashumi ama-60% phakathi nokhetho lwaphakathi, ngenxa yalokho bengaba amongameli ababili kuphela emlandweni wamuva ukugwema "isiqalekiso sesikhathi esiphakathi naphakathi""".

I - voter Turbout Ezingxenyeni Eziphakathi

Igebe Eliyinhlekelele

Kusukela ekuvoteni okuphansi ngokomlando kuveza ukuvota okuphansi kunokhetho lukamongameli, nokhetho lukamongameli oluye lwavela cishe phakathi neminyaka engu-60 edlule, kuyilapho cishe amaphesenti angu-40 kuphela alabo abafanelekela ukuvota aya ezindaweni zokuvota phakathi nokhetho. Leligebe elibalulekile elithathayo lisho ukuthi abavoti abaphakathi phakathi kwenkathi ngokuvamile bambalwa futhi ngezinye izikhathi bahluke kumavoti abangomongameli ngonyaka.

Ukukhetha okuphansi phakathi nenkathi yokhetho kungaba nemiphumela ebalulekile emiphumeleni yokuvota. Uma abantu bembalwa, ukuhlelwa kwevoti kungashintsha, abazokhetha kanye namaqembu abasekela babo bahileleke ngokuqiniseka kakhulu okhethweni lwaminyaka edlule.

Ukwanda Kwamuva Okuhlanganyela Phakathi Nezikhathi

Ukhetho lwamuva nje luye lwaphikisa ukuthambekela komlando ngokufinyelela amazinga aphakeme ngokungavamile. Ukhetho luka-2018 lwalunezinga elingu-49% lokuzihambela, isilinganiso esiphakeme kakhulu senkathi ephakathi kusukela ngo-1914, futhi ngisho nonyulo lwama-2022, kanye nesilinganiso esiphansi kakhulu sangu-4,%, luyedlula leyo yakho yonke i-okhethwe phakathi nonyaka ka-70. Lamanani aphakeme aveza ukuhlanganiswa kwezakhamuzi nokuqashelwa okukhulu kokubaluleka kokhetho phakathi nenkathi yonyaka.

Ukhetho lukaNovember 2018 luqashelwa kabanzi ngokuvota kwalo okukhulu, njengoba ukwaziswa okuphathelene ne - Census Bureau kubonisa iphuzu elingamaphesenti angu - 11 elanda kusukela okhethweni lokugcina lwaphakathi nenkathi ka - 2014, namaphesenti angamashumi amahlanu namathathu abantu bezakhamuzi abavota ngo - 2018, okuyinani eliphakeme kunawo wonke phakathi neminyaka engamashumi amane.

Izinhlendla Zomlando Ezishintshayo

Kusukela ngo - 1986, izibalo zibonisa ukuthi ukungenela kwamavoti kuvumelana ngokuqondile nobudala, kunamabhuloho asemadala aphakeme ngokunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba avote okhethweni phakathi nenkathi, futhi ukuvumelana okufanayo kuye kwavela okhethweni lukamongameli kusukela ngo-1988, nakuba ukuvota kuphakeme kakhulu. Leligebe lenkathi lokuhlanganyela lisho ukuthi abavoti abadala banethonya elikhulu ekunqumeni imiphumela yaphakathi nesikhathi.

Nokho, okhetho bamuva baye babonisa izimpawu ezikhuthazayo zokuthembisana kwentsha ekhuliswe. Phakathi kwe 18 kuya ku-29 yeminyaka, umvoti osusushiwe wasuka ku-2020 ngo-2014 waya ku-36 ngamaphesenti ngo-2018, iqophelo elikhulu kakhulu kunoma yiliphi iqembu lobudala (a 79 ngamaphesenti). Lokhu kukhula kokuhlanganyela kwentsha evotayo kubonisa ukuthi amazinga okuthembisa angashintsha ngokuphawulekayo lapho izimo zezombangazwe zishukumisa inani labantu ababengahlangani.

Abesifazane baye baqhubeka bevota ngamazinga aphakeme kunamadoda kuzo zonke izinqumo phakathi nenkathi ka-1998, futhi kukhetho lwaphakathi nenkathi ka - 2018, amaphesenti angu - 55 abesifazane avota uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angu - 52 amadoda, igebe lamaphesenti amathathu. Leligebe labesilisa linemiphumela ebalulekile yemiphumela ekhethekile nezimiso eziza kuqala.

Ukukhetha Okungokomlando Okwashintsha IMelika

Inguquko YaseRepublic Ngo - 1994

Ekwindla ka - 1994, ushintsho oluphawulekayo lwezombangazwe lwenzeka eUnited States lapho iRepublican Party iphinde ilawule uMkhandlu phakathi nokhetho lwaphakathi nenkathi yokukhetha, okwaphawula isikhathi esiyingqopha - mlando njengoba ithatha kokubili iNdlu Yabameleli neSigele okokuqala kusukela ngo - 1954. Lolushintsho oluphawulekayo lwaphela iminyaka engu - 40 yokubusa kwentando yeningi eNdlu futhi ngokuyisisekelo lwashintsha isimo sezombangazwe.

Ukhetho lwaphakathi nonyaka ka-1994, olwakhuthazwa yiNewt Gingrich's "Contrect neMelika," lwanikeza amaRepublicans inzuzo nokuphathwa kwendlu engu-52 ngokokuqala kusukela ngo-1955. Lokhu kukhethwa kwamaza kwabonisa amandla omyalezo wesizwe ohlangeneyo kanye nokuchayeka ngisho nakumandla ezindawo ezinkulu zama-progionalm ezimiswe isikhathi eside lapho umzwelo ushintsha ngokushesha.

Igagasi Elibusa Ngentando Yeningi Lango - 2006

Abameli bazuza kokubili indlu neSigele emuva ngo-2006. Lokhu kwenzeka phakathi negama lesibili likaMongameli uGeorge W. Bush, phakathi nokwanda kokunganeliseki komphakathi ngeMpi ye-Iraq nezinye izimiso zokuphatha. Ukhetho lwabonisa indlela izikhalo zemithetho yangaphandle kanye nezilinganiso zokuvunyelwa komongameli okungabangela ngayo izinguquko ezinkulu zezezivoteko.

Ukugadla Kwekati Ngo - 2010

Okhethweni lwezinhlanu oludlule, amaRepublica athola ukulawulwa kweNdlu ngo-2010. Lo khetho lwenzeka phakathi negama lokuqala likaMongameli Oma futhi lwaphumela ekushintshweni kwezindawo zokuhlala ezinkulu kakhulu emlandweni wanamuhla, kushukunyiswa ukuphikiswa okungokwesiko komthetho we-Affordible Care Act nezinye izimiso zeze-Obama. Umbutho we-Tea Party wanika amandla onyusela amaRepublic abavotisi futhi waqasha abasanda kuthatha isigaba esisha abacela i-Democratic inccuments.

Ukubuya Kwentando Yeningi Ngo - 2018

Ukhetho lwaphakathi nenkathi ka-2018 lwaba noDemocrates futhi baphinde balawula iNdlu yabameleli phakathi nenkathi yokuqala kaMongameli uTrump. Lokhetho lwalungaphawuleki nje kuphela ngoshintsho ekulawuleni Indlu kodwa futhi nangamanani abhidlikayo aqopha umlando kanye nokuhlanganyela okwandayo phakathi kwabavoti abasebasha nemiphakathi ehlukahlukene. Ukhetho lwabonisa ukubophela kabusha kwezakhamuzi kanye namandla okuhlela izimpande zotshani.

Izici Ezithonya Imiphumela Ephakathi Kwezigaba

Ukulinganiselwa Komongameli

Izilinganiso zokuvunyelwa kukamongameli zisebenza njengenye yezibikezelo ezinamandla kakhulu zemiphumela yokukhetha phakathi nenkathi. Umuntu angabona ukuhlobana okuhle phakathi kokuvunyelwa nokulahlekelwa kwesihlalo/kukhona kokubili eNdlu neSishayamthetho, nokuvumelana okuqinile ngokusesilinganisweni: r=0.61 nge House, r = 0.45 yeSigele. Abaholi abanezilinganiso eziphezulu zokuvunyelwa bathambekele ekuboneni amaqembu abo elahlekelwa izihlalo ezimbalwa, kuyilapho lawo anemvume ebhekene nokulahlekelwa okuphawulekayo.

Inani Lezinqolobane Ezivikelwayo

Inani lezihlalo endlini ngayinye yeSishaya-Mkhandlu ephezulu ekukhetheni izindaba zeqembu lomongameli, njengoba inani lezihlalo zokuvikela likhula, inani elikhulu lezihlalo lilahleka. Lokhu kuveza ukuthi izihlalo ezinkulu zinezihlalo eziningi futhi ngenxa yalokho zisengozini enkulu.

Izimo Zezomnotho

Nakuba izici zezomnotho zibonakala zibalulekile ngokuthukela, ubuhlobo babo nemiphumela yaphakathi nendawo buyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho okuvame ukucatshangelwa. Kuyamangalisa ukuthi mhlawumbe ukunyuka kwamandla emali noma ukukhula kwemisebenzi akuhlobene kakhulu nenzuzo yesihlalo noma ukulahlekelwa, nokwehla kwamandla emali okungakhi okungalinganisi izihlalo zendlu kodwa okungenazici zesivumelwano seSigele, nokukhula kwemisebenzi noma ukwehla kokungavumelani nenzuzo yesihlalo somongameli.

Lokhu akusho ukuthi izimo zezomnotho azinamsebenzi, kodwa ukuthi ziyini ithonya eliqondile ekushintsheni kwesihlalo kunezici zezombangazwe ezifana nokuvunyelwa umongameli kanye nezihlalo ezisengozini.

Isimo Sezwe Sezombangazwe

Isimo sezombangazwe sonke, kuhlanganise nezenzakalo ezinkulu, izimpikiswano zezimiso, nezimpikiswano zamasiko, zithonya imiphumela ephakathi nenkathi. Izimpi, amahlazo, izinkinga zezomnotho, nezinhlangano zezenhlalo konke kungaqinisa noma kuqede amandla ezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zabavoti, kuthinte kokubili ukukhetha nokuvota.

Indima Yezifunda Nezifunda Ezincintisanayo

Akuzona zonke izigodi zesifunda nezihlalo zeSishaya-mthetho ezincintisanayo ngokufanayo. Izigodi eziningi zibhekwa "njengesivikelo" eqenjini elilodwa noma kwelinye ngenxa yobuningi bazo, umlando ohlukanisayo, nemingcele yesigodi. Ukhetho lwaphakathi kwe-mistry luvame ukunqunywa ngemiphumela enanini elincane kakhulu lezifunda nezifunda ezincintisanayo.

Inani nendawo yezihlalo zokuncintisana kungahluka kusukela okhethweni kuya kokhetho olusekelwe ekufuneni ukuvuselelwa, izinga lokuthatha, ukuqoqa imali, kanye nesimo sezwe sezombangazwe. Okhethweni lwamagagasi, ngisho nezihlalo eziphephile ngokwesiko zingaba ukuncintisana njengoba amagagasi ezombangazwe eshintsha ngokungaguquki ngahlangothi olulodwa.

Imishini Esetshenziswa Phakathi Nezikhathi

Ukwakhiwa Kwemikhankaso Ephakathi Nezikhathi Zokulwa

Ukhetho lwaphakathi kwenkathi luye lwakhula kakhulu, futhi imijaho yama-buthoria yendawo ivame ukuhlotshaniswa ngezindaba zesizwe nemisebenzi kamongameli kunokuba ikhathalelwe indawo kuphela. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwesizwe kusho ukuthi ikusasa lomuntu ngamunye lihlobene kakhulu nohlobo lwesizwe lweqembu lakhe kanye nokuthandwa kukamongameli.

Izinhlangano zezinhlangano zesizwe, amaqembu angaphandle kwemali, namasu omkhankaso ahlangene kuye kwakhulisa lomkhuba, okwenza lokho okwake kwaba yimincintiswano yendawo ngokuyinhloko kwaba izimpi ngenxa yesiqondiso sezwe nombutho.

Ukubaluleka Kwemfanelo Ye - canadive

Naphezu kokuqashelwa kwesizwe, imfanelo yokujoyina ibalulekile. Abazobhapathizwa abaqinile abanolwazi oluqinile lokuthumela imiyalezo, ukuthumelelana imiyalezo okuphumelelayo, nokuxhumana okujulile komphakathi kungadlula ukuma kwesizwe kweqembu labo, kuyilapho abazobhapathizwa ababuthakathaka bengasebenza ngokuphansi ngisho nasezimweni ezifanele.

Ukubuthwa kweqembu kuye kwaba yinto eyinhloko kubo bobabili abantu abaphokophele okhethweni phakathi nenkathi, njengoba ukuzuza izihlalo eziphezulu ezilinganayo zokuncintisana kungenza umehluko phakathi kokuwina nokulahlekelwa ukulawulwa kweSishaya - mthetho.

Umphumela Wemali Ezinhlamvwini Zokukhetha

Izinhlanga zamaqembu ezindela ziye zabiza kakhulu, njengoba izinhlanga zaseDangeni zincintisana ngokuvamile zibiza izigidi zamaRandi nezigebengu emazweni amakhulu ngezinye izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu - R2.

Ngaphandle kusetshenziswa ama-PAC amakhulu, amaqembu emali emnyama, nezinhlangano eziphethe iqembu ziye zakhula ngokuphawulekayo emijikelezweni yokukhetha yamuva, ngezinye izikhathi ifanelana noma ukwedlula lokho abazofuna bona ngokwabo abaphakamiso abaphakamela ukukhangisa nokusebenzisa. Lokhu kugcwala kwemali ekhangisa ngethelevishini, imikhankaso yamanani, iposi eqondile, nokuphuma kwemisebenzi yokuvota okungathonya kakhulu imiphumela yokukhetha.

Izindaba Nokunakwa Omphakathi

Ukhetho lwaphakathi luvame ukungathola ukunaka okuncane komphakathi kunokhetho lukamongameli, lunengxenye ekunciphiseni ukuvota futhi lungaqondisi lutho. Nokho, ukuthatha izikhawu eziphakeme ngokulawula i-Congress elengayo kungabangela isithakazelo esikhulu kwezobuzwe nokuthembisana komphakathi.

Ukuvela kwezindaba zezokuxhumana nezokuxhumana kuye kwashintsha indlela ukwaziswa mayelana nokhetho olusakazeka ngayo nendlela imikhankaso exhumana ngayo nabavoti. Amakhampasi manje angafinyelela abavoti ngokuqondile ngamapulatifomu ezokuxhumana, kuyilapho ukwaziswa okunganembile nokungahambisani nokwaziswa sekuyizinto ezikhathaza kakhulu.

Ukucindezelwa Kwesilinganiso Sezwe Sezinqumo

Nakuba izinhlanga zikahulumeni zithola ukunakwa okukhulu, imiphumela yezinga eliphansi phakathi nokhetho ingaba nemiphumela ejulile nehlala njalo. Abagagu abakhethiwe phakathi neminyaka bahlela isimiso sikahulumeni ngemfundo, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, ukwahlulela kobugebengu, nezinye izindaba eziningi ezithinta ngokuqondile ukuphila kwezakhamuzi kwansuku zonke.

Ukhetho lwezishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni olwenziwa phakathi nezikhathi eziphakathi kuyanquma ukuthi yimaphi amaqembu alawula ukugcinwa kwezindawo ngemva kokubalwa kwabantu kwamashumi eminyaka, athonya amabalazwe e-conodion ne-overtical ye-operation eshumini leminyaka elilandelayo. Lokhu kwenza ukuba ukhetho phakathi nenkathi lube "0" olulandela kakhulu umbuso wezombangazwe wesikhathi eside.

Ikusasa Lokukhetha Phakathi Nezikhathi

Ukushintsha Izibalo Zeminyaka

Ukushintsha kwenani labantu baseMelika − kuhlanganisa nokwanda kwezinhlanga nezinhlanga, ukushintsha kwezizukulwane, kanye nokufundiswa kwezindawo ezibandayo . Lokhu kushintsha kwenani labantu kudala kokubili amathuba nezinselele kumaqembu amakhulu njengoba efuna ukunqoba imifelandawonye.

Ukuhlanganiswa okukhulayo kwezombangazwe kwabavoti abasebasha, uma besekelwa, kungashintsha kakhulu amandla angokwesiko phakathi nendawo. Ukuphenyulwa kwentsha ephakeme kungazuzisa abathathi-nxaxheba namaqembu akhanga ngokuphumelelayo izinto eziza kuqala nezingabalulekile kwabase-Melika abasebasha.

Izindlela Zokusakaza Nokufinyelela

Ukwanda kokuvota kwasekuqaleni, ukuvota ngeposi, nezinye izindlela zokuvota kuye kwashintsha indlela amaMelika ahlanganyela ngayo okhethweni phakathi nenkathi. Ngo-2018, amaphesenti angu-40 abavoti asebenzisa enye indlela yokuvota. Lezi zinguquko zingandisa ukutholakala nokuvuselelwa, kodwa futhi zidala izinselele ezintsha zokuqondisa nokhuseleko.

Izimpikiswano eziqhubekayo eziphathelene namalungelo okuvota, ukulondeka kokhetho nokungena kweqembu lombango ziyoqhubeka zilawula indlela okhetho abaqhutshwa ngayo phakathi nenkathi ethile futhi abahlanganyela kuyo.

Ukwenelisa Nokuhlukanisa

Ukwanda kokuhlahlela kwezombangazwe nokuhlela izikhulu zezombangazwe, lapho amaMelika ehlangana khona ngokuqhubekayo emiphakathini enomakhelwane abanezingqondo ezifanayo, kwaye yanciphisa inani lezifunda zezindawo ezincintisanayo ngempela. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuba okhethweni lwezinhlalo eziphezulu zikhiqizwe ngokuphawulekayo, ngoba izihlalo ezimbalwa ziyadlala ngempela.

Nokho, ukwanda kwamazwe ahlukene kwandisa neziphakamiso zokhetho futhi kungashayela abantu abavela ezinhlangothini zombili bebheka okhetho njengezimpi ezingokwesiko kunokuba basebenzise intando yeningi.

Indlela Izakhamuzi Ezingahlanganyela Ngayo Ekukhetheni Okuphakathi Nezikhathi

Ukubhalisa Nokudla

Indlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuhlanganyela kukhetho phakathi nendawo ukubhalisa nokufaka ivoti. Izimfuneko zokubhalisa ziyahluka ngokwezwe, ezinye izizwe zinikeza ukubhaliswa kosuku olufanayo nezinye ezidinga ukubhaliswa emasontweni ngaphambi koSuku Lokhetho. Ukuqonda izimfuneko nosuku lwesikhashana lwezwe lakho kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izwi lakho liyazwakala.

Manje amazwe amaningi anikeza ukukhetha okuningi, kuhlanganise nokuvota kwasekuqaleni, ukuvota ngeposi, nokuvota okungokwesiko. Ukusebenzisa lezi zinqumo kwenza ukuvota kube lula futhi kusize ekugwemeni izingxabano ezinde noma ezihlelayo.

Ukuhlala Unolwazi

Ukwenza izinqumo zokuvota ngolwazi kudinga ukuba ubaqonde abazovota, izikhundla zabo ezindabeni, nezimfanelo zabo zokuthola isikhundla.

Kubalulekile ukufuna imithombo eminingi yokwaziswa nokugxeka izikhangiso zezombangazwe, ezingase zidukise noma zithathe umongo. Izinhlangano ezihlola iqiniso zingasiza abavoti ukuba bahlukanise iqiniso nezindaba eziqanjiwe ekuxhumaneni nomkhankaso.

Ukuvolontiya Nokuthatha Isinyathelo

Ngaphandle kokuvota, izakhamuzi zingahlanganyela okhethweni lwezikhathi ezithile ngokuvota ngokuzithandela, ngokunikela kwabazobhapathizwa noma ngezimbangela zokusekela, ukuya emahholo edolobha nasezenzekeni zokuvota, nokukhuthaza abangane nomkhaya ukuba bavote. imidlalo yokuvota nokuhlela imishado kuye kwabonakala kubaluleke kakhulu emijahweni eminingi yokuncintisana.

Ngisho neminikelo emincane yesikhathi noma imali ingawenza umehluko okhethweni oluseduze, lapho ngokuvamile amabala okunqoba elinganiswa khona ngamakhulu noma izinkulungwane zamavoti.

Ukuqonda Umongo Obanzi

Ukhetho lwesikhashana alwenzeki ngokuzihlukanisa − luyingxenye yomjikelezo oqhubekayo wokulandisa nokumelela kwentando yeningi. Imiphumela yokhetho phakathi nenkathi ayithonyeli uhlelo olusheshayo lwemithetho kuphela kodwa futhi ihlela iqophelo lokhetho lukamongameli olandelayo.

Abaholi abalahlekelwa kakhulu phakathi nenkathi ethile bavame ukulungisa amasu abo, bebhekisa ezikhungweni zezombangazwe ukuze basebenze ngokuphikisa noma baphinde izakhiwo zabo ukuze balungiselele ukukhethwa kabusha. Izikhundla eziyinhloko ezitholakala phakathi nezikhathi zinikeza amaqembu amapulatifomu ukuthuthukisa izinto zawo eziza kuqala futhi babonise umbono wabo obusayo kwabavoti.

Imibono Evamile Enganembile Ngezikhathi Eziphakathi Nezikhathi Ezikhethwayo

Izinkathi Eziphakathi Zibalulekile Kancane Kunokukhethwa Komongameli

Nakuba okhethwe abaphethe umongameli bethola ukunakwa kakhulu nokuthola i-padter, ukhetho lwaphakathi nendawo lubaluleke ngokufanayo ekunqumeni imiphumela yenqubo nesiqondiso sezwe. ISishaya-mthetho simisa imithetho, ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwemali, ukuphathwa, nokuqinisekisa ukumiswa komongameli (imisebenzi yonke ethinta ukuphila kwabantu baseMelika ngokuqondile kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubani othatha i-White House.

Imidlalo Ngamunye Ayinamsebenzi

Kunqunywa okhetho oluningi phakathi nenkathi ephakathi, ezinye izinhlanga ziwela emakhulwini noma ngisho nasemincintiswaneni eminingi. Kulemincintiswano esondelene, amavoti namashifu amancane anganquma imiphumela. Umphumela owengeziwe wabantu abaningi abanquma ukuvota kwabo awukho neze okungashintsha ukhetho.

Imiphumela Ephakathi Nezikhathi Inqunywa

Nakuba umlando usikisela ukuthi iqembu likamongameli lilahlekelwa izihlalo, ubukhulu balezozingcezu buhluka kakhulu, futhi ukulawulwa kweSishaya-mthetho kuvame ukuthathwa ngobuqotho. Imikhankaso, izinga lokufuna ukuthatha, imizamo, nezenzakalo ezingalindelekile konke kungathonya ngezindlela ezingathandeki izibikezelo ezilula.

Imithombo Yemfundo Ethé Xaxa

Kulabo abanesithakazelo sokufunda okwengeziwe cishe phakathi nokhetho, kunemithombo eminingi ekhona. USUSA. ukhetho kwiphepha lunikeza ukwaziswa okungokomthetho ngokuvota nokhetho. Isikhungo sokucwaninga [[FLT:] Preven Center isakaza imininingwane ebanzi nokuhlaziywa kokuziphatha kovota nemiphumela yokukhetha. U.S Bureau.[FLT]

Umbuso nowebhusayithi zokhetho lwezikhulu zendawo zinikeza ukwaziswa okuqondile ngezikhathi zokubhalisa, izindawo zokuhlola, nezinyathelo zokuvota endaweni yakini. Izinhlangano ze-Nonpartisan njengeNhlangano yabesifazane Voter zinikeza abaqondisi bovoti nokwaziswa kokhetho ukuze zisize izakhamuzi zenze izinqumo ezinolwazi.

Isiphetho

Ukhetho lwezikhathi eziphakathi luyisici esibalulekile sentando yeningi yaseMelika, lunikeza izakhamuzi amathuba avamile okuba zigcine ukulandisa kukahulumeni, ukuqondisa kwesimiso, futhi lunqume ukulingana kwamandla eSishaya - mthetho.

Ukuqonda okwenzeka phakathi nokhetho phakathi nenkathi yokukhetha − kusukela emahhovisi athile ancintiswanayo kuya ezindleleni ezingokomlando zezinguquko zesihlalo, qhaza izakhamuzi ziqonda ukubaluleka kwazo nokubaluleka kokuhlanganyela. Isibonelo esingaguquki seqembu lomongameli elilahlekelwa izihlalo siveza ukuthambekela kwabavoti ekusebenziseni izikhawu zobupresidenti njengezihlolo zobupresi kanye nesifiso sabo sokuhlola amandla esikhulu ngokuphikisa kobukhomanisi.

Okhetho bamuva nje lubonise izimpawu ezikhuthaza ukuthembisana komphakathi okhushuliwe, namazinga aphakeme okuzimela nokuhlanganyela okukhulu phakathi kwamaqembu angaphansi ngaphambili. Lokhu kusikisela ukuqaphela ukubaluleka kokhetho phakathi nenkathi futhi kungaphinde kuqashelwe uma kusekelwa.

Njengoba intando yeningi yaseMelika ibhekene nezinselele ezihlanganisa ukuhlukana, ukwaziswa okunganembile nezimpikiswano ngokungenela ekuvoteni, ukhetho phakathi nenkathi lusenamathuba abalulekile ezakhamuzi ukuba zisebenzise izwi lazo futhi zilolonge uhulumeni wazo.

Izici phakathi nokhetho zingokoqobo futhi zibalulekile. Zinquma ukuthi yiziphi izinqubo ezithuthukiswayo, yiziphi izinto eziza kuqala ezithathwa, nendlela uhulumeni asingatha ngayo izinselele ezibhekene nesizwe. Ngokuqonda ukubaluleka kwazo nokuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo, izakhamuzi zingaqinisekisa ukuthi okhetho lwaphakathi nenkathi luyaqhubeka lusebenza njengezimiso ezibalulekile zokulandisa nokumelela idemokhrasi.