Isingeniso: Uhambo Lwebhola Lakho

Lapho uvota ngoSuku Lokukhetha, uhlanganyela enqubweni yentando yeningi eyisisekelo. Kodwa isenzo sokuvota simane siyisiqalo sezinyathelo ezihlelwe ngokucophelela eziguqula abantu ngabanye babe abanqobi abanobufakazi obuqanjiwe kanye nokushintsha okunokuthula kwamandla. Izakhamuzi eziningi zijwayelene nesenzo sokuvota ngokwaso, kodwa izigaba ezilandelayo − ukuvota, ukuqinisekisa, ukuvala i-tablation, kanye nokugcina kwe-creding kuhlala kuyimfihlakalo. Ukuqonda lenqubo akwakhi ithemba ebuqophelweni bokukhetha kuphela kodwa futhi kulungiselela isikhathi sokuthola imiphumela.

Uhambo lwebhola lakho lokuvota luklanyelwe ukuba lube lucace, luhlolwe, luphinde luqine. Luhilela izingqimba eziningi ze-checks, ukusuka emagcekeni endawo kuya kumagunya ombuso omgangatho wezwe, futhi, kukhetho lukamongameli, i-Electoral College. Lesi sihloko sinikeza imininingwane, i-step-sesture ihlola ukuthi kwenzekani ngemva kokuvota, kusukela esikhathini lapho uhlola i-inqumo eseduze ne-tecleare-cooserss.

Phase 1: Ukungcola Okuvalayo Nokuthutha Ibhola Okulondekile

Isinyathelo sokuqala esibucayi ngemva kokuqeda ukuvota asibaleki. Izikhulu zenkokhelo zendawo ngayinye zilandela izinqubo eziqinile zokuvala imishini yokuvota noma amabhokisi, zihlanganisa inani labavoti nenani lamavoti akhishwayo, futhi zilungise zonke izinto zokuthutha. Lenqubo ivame ukugcinwa abameleli bazo zombili izigaba ezinkulu nezingathathi hlangothi.

  • [ Isibuyisana esiphetheyo: Izisebenzi zemposiso ziqinisekisa ukuthi inani lamabhola lifaka inani labavoti abasayine.
  • ibhallot kanye noketanga lokuwina izingane: Zonke iziloboti, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iphepha noma i-electronic, zivalelwe ezitsheni ezibonisa ugesi, futhi ukudluliswa ngakunye kuyawiswa.
  • Ukuthutha okungahambisani: AmaBallot ayiswa endaweni ephakathi ekubaleni, ngokuvamile ngezikhulu ezimbili zezindawo ezihlukene, ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuphazanyiswa.

Izindawo ezisebenzisa imishini yokuvota, amakhadi enkumbulo noma i-USB aqukethe amavoti avaliwe futhi athuthwe ngendlela efanayo. Ukwethembeka kwaleliketanga lezokuthutha kuyisisekelo sokuvikelwa kokhetho, njengoba kuhlelwe yimicikilisho engcono kakhulu yezinhlangano ezihlelayo njenge- Convition Commission [[FLT: 1].

Yonke le nqubo ibhalwe ngezindlela zamaphepha futhi ngokuvamile ihlala isesimweni esivulekile. Noma ikuphi ukuphambuka enhlelweni kungabangela ukulandisa noma ukuhlola, kugcizelele ukuthi izikhulu zokhetho zithatha lesi simo ngokungathi sína kangakanani.

IPhase 2: Ukuhlelwa Nokuqinisekiswa Kwebhola

Uma amavoti efika esikhungweni sokubala esiphakathi, angena esigabeni sokuqinisekisa. Lesi sinyathelo siqinisekisa ukuthi ibhola ngalinye liphonswe kahle futhi akukho ukuvota okukhohlisayo noma okuphindaphindwayo okubalwayo. Izindlela eziqondile ziyahluka ngokwezwe nangombuso, kodwa izimiso eziyisisekelo zingezomhlaba wonke.

Ukuqinisekiswa kwesignomende (kwemilayezo yeposi-ngaphakathi yebhola)

Kuzo izicatshulwa zeposi, izisebenzi zokhetho ziqhathanisa isignome se-lockot nesignome kumafayela kusuka ekubhalisweni kwevoti. Lena incwadi, ngokuvamile inqubo ye-magraft eminingi. Uma isignesha ibonakala ingafanelani, umvoti unikezwa ithuba "lokufikisa" ibhola ngokunikeza ukuqinisekiswa okwengeziwe. "Inkathi yokulungisa" ihlukile ngombuso //abanye bavumela izinsuku ezimbalwa ngemva koSuku Lokhetho, kuyilapho abanye befuna ukuba luqedwe ngaphambi kokuhlola.

Ibhola Elivulayo Nokuhlinza

Ngemva kokuqinisekiswa, izimvilophu ziyavulwa ngamaqoqo. Imvilophu eyimfihlo ephethe ibhola lomshini ihlukaniswa nemvilophu yomvoti, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ivoti ihlala ingaziwa. AmaBallot abe esebekwa esicaba ukuze athole i-tec noma abekelwe ukubala. Ezindaweni eziphezulu eziswalukele, izihluphulophu ezivuliwe ezicaciwe nemishini yokucanda i-octed isheshisa le nqubo ngesikhathi ugcine uketango lokugcina ijele.

Isinqumo se - balot elungiselelayo

Amavota agunyaziwe afakwa ngabavoti abathi ukuvunywa kwabo kuthandazwe ngoSuku Lokhetho (ngokwesibonelo), uma bengekho emabhulohweni noma ekusweleni i-ID. Ngemva kokhetho, izikhulu zokhetho zicwaninga i-authoritor ngayinye yomphathi wokhetho. Uma umvoti etholakala efanelekayo, ibhola labo liyabalwa. Uma kungenjalo, libekwa eceleni futhi lingafakwa ekuthatheni isikhathi sokugcina. Lenqubo ingathatha izinsuku noma amasonto ezindaweni ezinkulu.

Inkathi eqinisekile ilapho ijubane lemiphumela liqala khona ukusuka phakathi kwamagceke. Ezinye izifundazwe zivumela ukuba kuthathwe ngokushesha ama-operat ngaphambi koSuku Lokhetho, kuyilapho ezinye ziqala ngemva kokuhlola. Lokhu kuveza ukuthi kungani ezinye izifundazwe zithatha ijubane futhi ezinye zithatha izinsuku.

I - “taber ” 3: Ukulinganisa I -“ Tabum ” — I - algnetic v.

Uma kuqinisekiswa amavoti, ukuqala kokubala kuqalwa. Okhetho lwanamuhla luvame ukusebenzisa indlela exubile: amavoloti amaphepha ahlolwa ngemishini ye-optical evota ngama-electal. Amavoti ephepha ngokwawo agcinwa njengerekhodi elingokoqobo lokuhlola nokulandisa.

Izimiso zohide lokubona

Izindawo eziningi e-United States zisebenzisa imishini yokuhlola i-optical scan. Amavoter aphawula ama-collet ephepha, abese efakwa kuyi-scan efunda amaphawu futhi aqopha amavoti. Lezi zimiso ziyashesha − i-scanner eyodwa ingasebenzisa i-bolot engamakhulu-khulu ngehora. Imiphumela ye-scanner ngayinye ifakwa e-metacial ephakathi, ngokuvamile kuyi-nethili engaxhunyiwe kuyi-internet ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuhlasela kwe-inthaneti.

Ukubalwa Kwesandla

Ukubala izandla kusasetshenziswa kwezinye izindawo ezincane nanjengendlela yokuzisekela. Kuthatha kancane futhi kusebenzise umsebenzi onzima, kodwa kunikeza i-examical i-electronic yemiphumela. Uma kulandiswa, ukubala izandla kuyindinga yegolide yokuqinisekisa ukunemba. Isikhathi esidingekayo sokubala izandla siyisici esibalulekile esenza ezinye izinhlanga zithathe amasonto ukuqeda.

Imishini Ye - electronic (I - DERE)

Imishini eqondise i-Electronic (DRE) ivumela abavoti ukuba bafake ama-collet abo nge-electronic ngaphandle kwerekhodi lephepha − Amanzi amaningi manje adinga umkhondo wephepha ohlohlwayo (VVPAT). Amavote agcinwe enkumbulweni yangaphakathi yomshini futhi kamuva afakwe phakathi nezibalo. Imishini ye-DRE impikiswano ngenxa yezikhalo zokhuseleko, kodwa isasetshenziswa cishe kwikota ye-US.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inqubo injani, ukubala ngakunye kuhlolwa futhi kuhlolwe. I-cain ye-opens, i-ops, ne-video isesilinganisweni ezisezikhungweni zanamuhla zokubala. Eminingi imininingwane yobuchwepheshe bokuvota, i-Vertified Voting Foundation[ igcina i-memote yokwaziswa okuhle kakhulu kwemishini esetshenziswa kulo lonke izwe.

I - passting, Imikhakha Yokuhlola, Nezindaba Ezithakazelisayo 4:

Ngemva kokubala kokuqala, imiphumela ayikagunyaziwe. "icanvas" iyisisebenzi esisemthethweni, ukubukeza ngokucophelela ukubuya kokhetho. Yinqubo ehlanganisa ukuqinisekiswa komkhakha wamavoti, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amabhola abhaliwe, nokuxazulula noma yikuphi ukungavumelani. Amandwangu enziwa isifundazwe noma ibhodi lokhetho, hhayi ngamagceke ahlukahlukene.

Ukuphothula Imali Ngengozi

Amazwe amaningi manje aphethe ama-university ezingozi (RLAS) ngemva kokwalasha. I-RLA ihlanganisa ukuhlola ngezandla isampula yamavoti ephepha ngokumelene nokuvota kwe-electal. Uma isampuli ifana nesilinganiso se-audition ye-operation, ukhetho luyaqinisekiswa. Uma umehluko utholakala, ukuncishiswa kwenani kuze kube yilapho ukunemba kuqinisekisiwe. I-RL ibhekwa njengendinganiso yegolide yobuqotho bokhetho futhi ituswa yi- Inhlangano ye-National Institute of the refecuties ne-technology[.

Landisa Izimbangela

Azizenzekeli. Zibangelwa izimo ezithile, njengengxenye yomngcele yokunqoba engaphansi kwephesenti (ngokuvamile 0.5% noma 1%) noma ngesicelo kulowo ocela ukukhokhela inombolo. Amakhasethi angagcwala (zonke izinombolo zibalwa futhi) noma inxenye (amagceke aqondile). Ukulandisa kungasebenzisa indlela efanayo yokuhlola noma ukushintsha ukubala ngesandla, kuye ngomthetho wezwe.

Inkathi yokukhetha nokubala kuyingxenye yesikhathi ethatha isikhathi kakhulu yenqubo yokukhetha. Izinhlanga ezinkulu azivamile ukuqinisekiswa ngaphambi kwesonto ngemva koSuku Lokhetho, futhi ngokuvamile kuthatha amasonto amabili noma ngaphezulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ukhetho lwamapresidenti lwama 2020, alubizwanga ngezinhlelo ezinkulu zezindaba kwaze kwaba izinsuku ezine ngemva koSuku Lokhetho, kodwa isiqinisekiso sathatha amasonto amaningana ngenxa yokuhlola, ukulandisa, nezinselele ezingokomthetho.

Phase 5: Isiqinisekiso Semiphumela

Isiqinisekiso siwukugcinwa komthetho kwemiphumela yokukhetha. Kwenziwa izindikimba ezihlukahlukene emazingeni ahlukene: amabhodi ezindawo aqinisekisa imiphumela yesifunda, amabhodi esifundazwe aqinisekisa imiphumela yesifundazwe, kanye namabhodi ezwe aqinisekisa imiphumela ezwe lonke ne-ovement. I-crective ivame ukuvela ngosuku olumiswe umthetho wezwe, ngokuvamile phakathi namasonto amabili kuya kwamane ngemva koSuku Lokhetho.

Isiqinisekiso sokushaya indiva kwesilinganiso sikahulumeni

Isikhulu sokhetho esiyinhloko sikahulumeni ngamunye (ngokuvamile unobhala wezwe) sibukeza ukubuya kwesifundazwe, sixazulule noma yiziphi izimpikiswano ezisele, futhi sisayine isitifiketi sokwaziswa. Kunoma obaluli bomongameli, lesi sitifiketi sihlela abakhiqizi bazomelela umbuso e-Electoral College. Lencwadi ngalesosikhathi ithunyelwa ku-National Archives and Records Administration.

Ukukhethwa Okuhlolwayo Nezinselele Ezingokomthetho

Uma umvotelwa ephikisana nemiphumela, bangafaka inselele enkantolo yombuso noma kahulumeni. Inselele engokomthetho kumele ikhiphe iziphakamiso ezithile, hhayi isifiso sokugumbuqela umphumela. Izinkantolo zingayala ukuba kungabikho izibalo, zingakhipha amabhola athile, noma ezimweni ezingavamile, zihlele ukhetho olusha. Nokho, izinselele eziningi zixazululwa kahle ngaphambi kokumiswa komthetho. Uhlelo olungokomthetho lokhetho oluncintiswano lulawulwa yizimiso zikahulumeni kanye nomthetho i-Electoral Act Act (ngemiqhungquthelano yomongameli).

Uma isitifiketi sesisayinwe, imiphumela ibhekwa njengegunya. Umphakathi ungangena ingqikithi yamavoti okugcina agunyaziwe nge-website yokhetho ka-hulumeni. Kuleliqophelo, abezindaba bacabangela umncintiswano "obizwa" (nakuba izinhlanga eziningi zibizwa ekuqaleni ngokusekelwe ezixekweni, lezozilinganiso azikho ngokomthetho).

6: I - Electoral College (Izinqumo Eziyi - Predities Kuphela)

Kukhetho lukamongameli, ukugunyazwa kwezincwadi akusona isinyathelo sokugcina, kodwa kusuke kungagunyaziwe umthetho.

Ukukhetha Abanikezeli

Umbuso ngamunye unenani labavoti elilingana nengqikithi yamanxusa awo (Indlu + Isigele). Iqembu lezombangazwe lomfundi owina ivoti ethandwayo esizweni likhetha abavoti (amazwe amaningi asebenzisa isimiso sokunqoba; iMaine ne Nebraska asebenzisa isimiso esilandelanayo). Ababheki bangamanxusa athembekile futhi bakhethwa ngaphambi kokukhetha.

Ukuhlangana Kwabaqondisi

NgoMsombuluko wokuqala ngemva koLwesithathu lwesibili ngoDecember (obekwe umthetho kahulumeni), abavoti bahlangana ezinhloko- dolobhani zabo zezwe. Baphonsa amavoti amabili: elinye likamongameli elinye libe liyisekela likamongameli. Amabhola ayasayinwa futhi athunyelwe kuMongameli weSigele (uMongameli) naseSigodlo Sesizwe.

Ukubaluleka Kwe - Congress

Ngo-January 6, iSishaya-Mkhandlu sihlangana esiqenjini ukuze sibale amavoti abumbene. UMongameli oyisekela wengamela indima yabo njengoMongameli weSigele. Uma kuphakanyiswa noma yikuphi ukuphikisa, kokubili iNdlu neSishayamthetho kumelwe kuvume ukusekela ukuphikisa [1] lenqubo yacaciswa yi-Electoral Count Reform Act ka-2022. Umongameli ophethe amavoti angaba ngu-270 ubizwa njengomongameli-mvoti.

Lenqubo enezinyathelo ezimbili yokuvota okuthandwayo (ngemiphumela egunyaziwe yokhetho) elandelwa yi-Electoral College iklanyelwe ukulinganisela isithakazelo sombuso nohulumeni kukhetho lukamongameli. Ukuntshontsha kakhulu, Izinqolobane zesizwe [[ zinikeza isiqondiso esinegunya.

UFase 7: Ukushintsha Amandla Ngokuthula

Lapho imiphumela yokukhetha isigunyaziwe futhi i - Electoral College iphothulwa, inqubo yokushintsha iqala. Le nkathi ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengenkathi ebuthaka kakhulu emjikelezweni wokukhetha wentando yeningi, njengoba ihilela ukusuka ekuqondiseni okunqotshiwe kuya komusha.

Ukuhlela Ukushintsha

E-United States, inqubo yokuguqulwa ihlelwe ngokomthetho yi-Mongamelial Transition Act. I-amperial Transsation Act inikeza i-fing, indawo yehhovisi, nokuvunyelwa kwezinhlangano zeqembu elizayo. Lokhu kuhlela kuvame ukuqala ezinyangeni ngaphambi kokhetho, kodwa ngemva komphumela wokhetho, iqembu lenguquko lithola ukufinyelela ngokugcwele. I-General Service Administration (GSA) ifeza indima eyinhloko ngokusemthethweni "ayehluleka" umnqobi osobala, ovula imithombo yezindawo yenguquko.

Usuku Lokuvulwa Kwemivubukulo

Ngo-January 20 emini, umongameli uqanjiwe esikhundleni. Isifungo sehhovisi sinikezwa uMahluleli oMkhulu weNkantolo Ephakeme. Ukudluliswa ngokuthula kwamandla (hhayi ukuthi amaqabunga angenayo) noma aphinde akhethwe (iphawu lokubusa kwentando yeningi). Ibutho lezempi lifeza indima engokomfanekiso, futhi umongameli ophumayo ushiya incwadi eResolute Desk kulowo ozolandela.

Lolu shintsho lusebenza futhi kuhulumeni nasesakhiweni sokhetho, nakuba kuyinto encane. izimeya ezingenayo, ababusi, namakhomishane bathola iziphakamiso futhi bathathe isikhundla ngezinsuku ezimiswe uhulumeni noma umthetho wendawo.

Isizathu Sokuba Inqubo Yangemva Kokwethulwa Ibaluleke Kuzo Zonke Izincwadi

Ukuqonda inqubo yangemva kokukhetha kusiza abavoti ukuba balawule amathemba ngokuphathelene nesikhathi kanye nokuthembana. Ukwaneliseka kokubona imiphumela yokhetho ebusuku ku-TV cishe akusoze kwaba umphumela wokugcina. Inqubo eqaphile, yamasonto amaningi yokuqiniseka, ukuphenya, nokubhala imvume iklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kwejubane. Izinyathelo ngazinye .(ukuhambisa amabhola agxiviwe kuya ekubaleni kwesandla (spearets) ngenxa yomlando wezinhlanga ezisondelene nesidingo sokuqiniseka ngomphumela.

Abaqondisi bangathatha izinyathelo eziningana zokuzigcina benolwazi: landela ibhodi labo lokhetho lwezinsuku zokubhalisa, baye emihlanganweni yomphakathi (ngokuvamile evuleleke kubantu ababukele), futhi baqonde umehluko phakathi kwemiboniso yezindaba nesiqinisekiso esingokomthetho. Ukwethembeka kokhetho akwakhiwanga nje kuphela izikhulu kodwa ngokhetho oluqonda isimiso.

Kulabo abafuna ukujula, imithombo enjenge- Conferenceal of State Legislatures inikeza ukuwohloka kwemithetho yokhetho ngokwezwe. Abavoti abaningi bayayazi ngenqubo, izinhlangano zentando yeningi eziqinile kakhulu ziba khona.