Sekuyisikhathi eside imitapo yezincwadi yomphakathi njengesisekelo sokuthola ulwazi ngentando yeningi, kodwa indima yayo iye yakhula ngokuphawulekayo ekhulwini lama-21. Kunokuyizindawo zokuhlola izincwadi ezithule, imitapo yomphakathi yanamuhla isebenza njengezindawo zomphakathi ezinamandla ezihlomisela izakhamuzi amakhono, imithombo, kanye nokuxhumana okubalulekile ekufundeni ukuphila konke. Ohulumeni bendawo banengxenye ewujuqu ekusekeleni lezi zinhlangano, futhi baqonda ukuthi kungani lokho kusekela imitapo yezincwadi (nesizathu sokuba ibaluleke kunoma yimuphi umphakathi ozinikela ngemfundo nangezinto ezisemkhakheni.)

Lesi sihloko sihlola ukubaluleka okuhlukahlukene kwemitapo yezincwadi yomphakathi ekuthuthukiseni imfundo yokuphila konke, sinikeze imininingwane ngezinqubo ohulumeni bendawo abazisekela ngazo, futhi sichaze izinzuzo, izinselele, nezindlela eziwusizo ezichaza ikusasa labo.

Indima Eshintshayo Yemitapo Yomphakathi Ekufundeni Ukuphila Konke

Imfundo ethatha isikhathi eside ayiseyona into yokunethezeka; iyisidingo ezomnotho esifuna ukubulala nokuzivumelanisa okuqhubekayo. Imitapo yezincwadi yomphakathi ibekwe ngokukhethekile ukuze inikeze amathuba okufunda afinyelelekayo, alinganayo phakathi kokuphila kwabantu. Indima yayo ihlanganisa kakhulu ngaphandle kwezincwadi ezibolekisayo ukuze ihlanganise izinkonzo eziningi ezisekela imfundo yangempela, ukuthuthuka emsebenzini, nokucebisa komuntu siqu.

Ukufinyelela Ulwazi Nemithombo Yezinombolo

Imitapo yezincwadi inikeza umnyango wamahhala novulekile wokwaziswa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amaqoqo angokoqobo (izincwadi, omagazini, amaphephandaba , − futhi ngokukhula okucebile amanani anjengezinto zemfundo, izincwadi zemfundo, izincwadi zemizwa, imithombo yezindaba, nelayini ye-intanethi engenisa amapulatifomu afana ne-Conned In Learning okanye Khan Academy. Emakhaya amaningi, umtapo wezincwadi wendawo uwukuphela komthombo wezinto eziphezulu ezinezingcingo kanye namacomputer, okuwenza ube umthako obucayi kakhulu enkathini yokulinganisa izibalo. Ngokwenhlolo-meterss media [, imitapo yomphakathi enqamula yonke i-United States izigidi eziyinkulungwane ezingu-5, ngonyaka, ngokuhlola kwezimiso zemishini ezinyuka kancane kancane kancane kancane.

Izinhlelo Zokufundisa Nezindawo Zomsebenzi

Imitapo yezincwadi yanamuhla inekhalenda elicebile leminikelo yokufundisa ehleliwe. Le misebenzi isukela esikhathini sokuqala sokufunda izindaba nokufunda ngehlobo kuya ezifundweni zabantu abadala, isiNgisi njengezifundo zesibili zolimi, kanye nezindawo zobuchwepheshe. Imitapo eminingi manje iqukethe izikhala ezisebenzayo ezihlonyiswe ngemishini ye-3D, imishini yokuthunga, neziteshi zokufaka imishini eziqala ukuklama nokudweba kwemishini. Izandla ezisezingeni lokufunda ziphumelela kakhulu ekwakheni amakhono e-STEM nasekheni ukucabanga kwezezesayensi.

Ukuhlanganyela Komphakathi Nokubambisana Komphakathi

Imitapo yezincwadi isebenza njengezindawo ezingathathi hlangothi, lapho abantu bezizinda ezihlukahlukene behlangana khona, bahlanganyele, futhi bahlanganyele ekuphileni komphakathi. Izinkulumo, amaqembu ezingxoxo, imikhosi yamasiko, nemihlangano yasemahholo esemadolobheni eqhutshwa imitapo yezenhlalakahle nezomphakathi ekhuthaza ukuqina komphakathi. Enkathini yokwanda kokuhlanganisa izizinda, indima yomtapo wezincwadi njengomgcini wezincwadi othenjwa ibaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili.

Ukusekela Othisha Nabafundi

Othisha bathembele emitatsheni yezincwadi ukuze bathole izinto zokwenezela, imithombo yokuhlela izifundo, nokuhambela amakilasi okuqinisa imfundo yasekilasini. Abafundi babo bonke ubudala basebenzisa izindawo zomtapo ukuze basize emsebenzini wesikole, balungiselele, futhi benze imisebenzi ebambisanayo. Imitapo eminingi inikeza izisebenzi zokuzithandela noma izisebenzi umsebenzi wesikole owenzelwa ekhaya imisebenzi yasekhaya, kanye nemithombo yezemfundo yasekhaya.

Indlela Ohulumeni Bendawo Abayisekela Ngayo Imitapo Yomphakathi

Imitapo yezincwadi yomphakathi ixhaswe kakhulu imithombo kahulumeni wendawo − izimali zikamasipala noma zesifundazwe − zixhaswe ngosizo lukahulumeni, iminikelo, neminikelo yangasese. Izinga nesimo sikahulumeni wendawo kusekela ukunquma ngokuqondile ikhono lomtapo lokukhonza umphakathi. Ukusekela kuvela ngezindlela eziningana eziyinhloko:

Ukunikela Ngokuqondile Nokusetshenziswa Kwemali

Uhlobo olusobala kakhulu lokusekela kukahulumeni futhi olubalulekile yimali. Ohulumeni bendawo bahlela imali ebhalisa imitapo ngentela yempahla, izabelo zezimali ezivamile, noma intela yomtapo wemitapo enikezelwe. Imali eqinile neyanele ivumela imitapo yezincwadi ukuba iqashe izisebenzi ezifanelekayo, igcine iminikelo, ubuchwepheshe bokuthuthukisa, futhi igcine izindawo zivulekile ngokungaguquguquki. Intengiselwano yemitapo yemitapo yemitapo neyamathala (IMLS) Ezincwadi zikawonke Ukuhlolwa kwemitapo yezincwadi [[[[[FLTLT:1]] ibika ukuthi ohulumeni bendawo banikela cishe u 85% wenzuzo yomtapo wemitapo yomphakathi eUnited States. Kodwa ukucushwa kwemali kungadala izinselele ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi phakathi nokuntengwa kwezentengo yemisebenzi yezemisebenzi yomtako.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezomthetho Nomthetho

Ohulumeni bendawo futhi baklama imitapo ngenkambiso. Lokhu kuhlanganisa imithetho emisa amabhodi ezincwadi, imise izindinganiso zenkonzo, futhi ichaze ukuzibusa. Abanye omasipala banezinhlelo ezisemthethweni ezihlanganisa imitapo yezincwadi nezinjongo zokuthuthukisa umphakathi ezibanzi . Ukuhlanganisa izindaba ezinjengokufakwa kwemitapo ye-mitapo, ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi, nemfundo yabantwana basemncane. Izimiso ezinhle zivikela inkululeko yokuhlakanipha, ziqinisekisa ukufinyelela ngokulinganayo, futhi zikhuthaza ukusungulwa. Ngokuphikisana nalokho, izimiso ezivimbelayo noma imithetho engagunyaziwe zingahlanganisa imisebenzi yemitapo yemitapo.

Izakhiwo Nesikhungo Sokutshala Imali

Izakhiwo, ezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokuhlangana kwamalungu omsebenzi wezemitapo zanamuhla. Ohulumeni bendawo bavame ukuxhasa ukwakhiwa, ukuvuselelwa, noma ukunwetshwa kwezindawo zomtapo, kuhlanganise nokufakwa kwemitapo ebanzi, amaklabhu omphakathi, nezimiso zokusebenza amandla. Omasipala abaningi bahlanganisa nemitapo ehlela izakhiwo eziyinhloko zokuthuthukisa amapaki, izikhungo zomphakathi, nezindawo zomphakathi. Isakhiwo esimiswe kahle semitapo yezincwadi singaba umthombo wokuziqhayisa kwezendawo kanye nesisekelo sokuvuselela kwezomnotho, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezigciniwe.

Imikhumbi Eseduze Nezinkonzo Ezihlangene

Ohulumeni bendawo bahlanganisa imitapo yezincwadi neminye iminyango kamasipala − njengamapaki, impilo, izindlu, nentuthuko yezomnotho − ukuze benze izimiso ezihlangene zokusekela. Ngokwesibonelo, imitapo yezincwadi ingahlanganisa izivivinyo zempilo nezinhlangano zezempilo zomphakathi, inikeze izinkonzo zokusesha emsebenzini eduze kwamabhodi athuthukisa umsebenzi, noma isebenze njengezikhungo zokupholisa phakathi nokulawula ukushisa. Lamaqembu andisa ithonya lemithombo yomphakathi elinganiselwe nemitapo yezincwadi njengezindawo zenkonzo yezemisebenzi ephambili kunezinhlangano ezizimele.

Ukusebenza Nentuthuko Engochwepheshe

Ukusekela kukahulumeni kuhlanganisa futhi izimali zabantu. Iholo lemitapo, izinzuzo, kanye namathuba okuqeqesha adonsa futhi agcine abaqondisi bezincwadi abanekhono abangaphatha izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi basebenzise izidingo ezikhokhela abaxhasi. Abanye ohulumeni bendawo baxhasa imfundo eqhubekayo yezisebenzi zomtapo wezincwadi, beqinisekisa ukuthi bahlala benobuchwepheshe obusungulekayo kanye nezinqubo zobuchwepheshe. Ukutshala imali kwezobuchwepheshe kubucayi ngoba izinga lemisebenzi yomtapo ekugcineni lixhomeke kubantu abazinikezayo.

Izinzuzo Zokufunda Ukuphila Konke Ngemitapo Yomphakathi

Ukukhokha okuvela ekutshaleni kwemitapo yezincwadi kahulumeni — uma kutholakala inzuzo egciniwe . Ukufunda ukuphila okunzima okugunyazwe yimitapo yezincwadi kuveza izinzuzo eziza ngokungena kubantu ngabanye, emikhayeni, nakuyo yonke imiphakathi.

Ukuthuthuka Kwekhono Kanye Nokuthuthuka Kwemisebenzi

Imitapo yezincwadi inikeza abantu amathuluzi okufunda ngejubane labo nangendlela yabo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngumfundi wasesikoleni esiphakeme ofunda olunye ulimi ngekhodi le-intanethi, isisebenzi esinakekelayo esiphakathi esithola isiqinisekiso sokuphatha iprojekthi, noma umuntu othathe umhlalaphansi ohlola uhlu lozalo, umtapo ususa izindleko futhi unikeza izindlela eziziqondisayo. UJob uzuza kakhulu ngokufunda amashadishi, ukuqeqesha, nokufinyelela emisebenzi ekhethekile. [[FLT: 0] Isikhungo sokucwaninga sobuphengululo sathola ukuthi cishe isithathu seminyaka engu-American-16 ubudala nangaphezulu usho ukuthi ukusebenzisa umtapo wezincwadi kubasize kakhulu ukuthola ukwaziswa okuholela emsebenzini noma ekusizeni umsebenzi wabo.

Izinzuzo Zezomnotho Kumphakathi

Izincwadi zomphakathi zinikela ekuthuthukiseni kwezomnotho endaweni ngezindlela ezingenakulinganiswa. Zindisa izinga lempahla ezindaweni ezizungezile, ziheha imikhaya namabhizinisi, futhi zinikeza umsebenzi. Amathala anciphisa izindleko zezakhamuzi − ukulungiselela izikhokhelo ezibizayo ze-internet, izinkonzo ezigodlayo, nezikhokhelo zezindawo zokufundisa. Ukuhlola koMkhandlu wamathala wamathala wezezimali e-Urban kuye kwabonisa ukuthi wonke ama-dola emali athelwe emitatsheni yomphakathi angenisa izinxeba eziningana ngokwenzuzo yezentengo engokwezomnotho, impumelelo engokwezemfundo, nenzuzo engcono.

Ukuthuthuka Komuntu Siqu Nokuthuthukiswa Kwempucuko

Ukufunda izinhlelo, ukuhambela kombhali, imibukiso yezobuciko, nokuhlola amafilimu okunikezwa yimitapo yezincwadi kukhulisa ilukuluku, uzwela, nokugxeka. Ama-club nezingxoxo zakha ukuhlobana kwemibono yomphakathi, kunciphisa ukuzihlukanisa nokuthuthukisa ingqondo. Ukuchayeka emibonweni ehlukahlukene emitatsheni yolwazi kusiza ukuba wakhe ikhono lomphakathi nokubekezelelana. Kule nkathi yokugcwala kokwaziswa, imitapo ifundisa nokufunda imithombo yezindaba, isiza abaxhasi ukuba bahlole imithombo kanye nezindaba eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ukusekelwa Kwenani Labantu Abanobudlwangudlwangu

Imitapo yezincwadi ivame ukuba usizo olufinyelelwe kakhulu lwalabo abahola imali ephansi, abanobuchwepheshe obulinganiselwe besiNgisi, ukukhubazeka, noma ezinye izithiyo. Umsebenzi wekhaya usiza izingane ezimpofu, amakilasi ezakhamuzi, izincwadi ezinkulu ezinyatheliselwa abantu abadala, kanye nezikhathi zokuxoxa ezibonisa ubudlelwano kubantu abahlala e-autism ziyisibonelo nje ezimbalwa. Ngokuzifunela izinkonzo amaqembu angaphansi kwezisebenzi, imitapo iqhubekela phambili futhi isiza ukuba ivale amathuba.

Izinselele Ezibhekene Nemitapo Yomphakathi Namuhla

Naphezu kwenzuzo yayo eqinisekisiwe, imitapo yezincwadi yomphakathi ibhekene nezilinganiso ezinkulu ezivivinya ukusekela kohulumeni bendawo.

Izingcindezi Zokusebenzisa Imali Nokusekela Usizi

Imitapo yezincwadi ivame ukunqanyulwa kuqala phakathi nokusetshenziswa kwemali kamasipala, ikakhulukazi uma iyingxenye yesikhwama esivamile esinezici eziphikisanayo. Ngisho noma abavoti bendawo bevumela izindleko ezinikezelwe, inzuzo ingabangelwa ukwehla kwenani lempahla noma izikhokhi zentela ezigunyazwe uhulumeni. Sebenzisa imitapo yokudayisa imitapo yezincwadi ukuze unciphise amahora, ubeke ijubane, uqashe, noma usule izinhlelo ezinciphe kakhulu.

Ukuhlukana Kwezinombolo Nezidingo Zobuchwepheshe

Nakuba imitapo yezincwadi inikeza ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile, umehluko wezinombolo uyaqhubeka ukhona. Abaxhasi abaningi abanazo izisetshenziswa ezithembekile, i-internet ethembekile ekhaya, noma amakhono okufunda adingekayo ukuze bahlanganyele ngokugcwele. Amalayibhulali kufanele ahlale elungisa imishini kanye nezinhlelo ze-software, kodwa imijikelezo yokubuyisela ibiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithemba lokunikeza izinkonzo zemishini eziphindaphindeka njalo kusuka ku-injini (ukusukela ekuhleleni kwe-athodio) ezindaweni ezibangela ukuhlelwa kwe-operactive nemishini.

Izidingo Zomphakathi Ezishintshayo Namathemba

Izindawo zishintsha futhi imitapo yezincwadi ifuna ukuba ishintshe. Ukushintsha kwe-demographic, izinguquko zezomnotho, kanye nezindlela ezintsha zokufunda kudinga imitapo yezincwadi ukuze iphinde ihlole ukuqoqwa kwayo, amahora, nezinhlelo. Umtapo wezincwadi okhonza umphakathi onemikhaya eminingi emisha udinga imithombo ehlukene kunowodwa okhonza inani elikhulu labantu abase bethathe umhlalaphansi. Ukuhluleka ukujwayela kungaholela ekuncipheni kokusetshenziswa nokuqonda kwe-ireleva, okungasongela ukuxhaswa kwemali.

Umncintiswano Ovela Ezintweni Ezihlukile Ezisetshenziswa Ngamanani

U-Google, i-Wikipedia, i-YouTube, kanye nezindawo zezentengiselwano ze-e-book zinikeza ukufinyelela okusheshayo kokwaziswa nokuzijabulisa okwake kwadingeka ukuhanjelwa emtatsheni wezincwadi. Nakuba imitapo yezincwadi iye yasabela ngokunikeza imithombo ye-inthanethi ngokwayo, kumelwe incintisane nokusebenza okucatshangelwayo. Inselele iwukuchaza kahle lokho umtapo wezincwadi ongeke ukwazi ukunikeza okuthi: isiqondiso esisemthethweni, ukuhlangana komphakathi, nokutholakala ngokulinganayo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iholo lini.

Izinyathelo Zokuqinisa Imitapo Yomphakathi Nokusekela Kukahulumeni

Ukuze unqobe lezi zinselele kudingeka usebenzise amasu aqondile, adinga ukuhola umtapo, uhulumeni wendawo nomphakathi ovamile.

Ukuzitika Ngokuziphatha Nokuhlanganyela Komphakathi

Abasekeli bomtapo wezincwadi kudingeka baxoxe ngendaba yemiphumela ngendlela ecacile. Baxoxe ngezindaba eziphathelene nokuhlanganyela kohlelo, ukujikeleza, nemiphumela ebonisa indlela umtapo oshintsha ngayo ukuphila. Amaqembu amaFumon Friends nezisekelo zomtapo ezingase zivuse izikhulu ezikhethiwe futhi zithathe izinyathelo zokuzimela. Abaxhasi njengabameleli balokho, bakhuthaze ukuba bakhulume emihlanganweni yedolobha, babhale izincwadi, futhi baxoxe ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo kwezokuxhumana. Ukusekela kwezenhlalakahle kuvame ukuguqula isivikelo semali.

Ukuhlela Okusha Okuqondiswe Nezidingo Zendawo

Imitapo yezincwadi kufanele iqhube njalo inqubo yomphakathi yokuthola amagebe namathuba. Khona - ke ukuklama izinhlelo ezidingida ngokuqondile njengokuqeqeshwa kwezisebenzi, ukufakwa kwe-minuber, ukufunda nokubhala, noma ukusekelwa kwebhizinisi okuncane. Amathala ezimo ngokwawo njengezinto zokuzinciphisela izinkinga zendawo (umz., ezixhumanisa izakhamuzi ezivalweni ezibanzi, ukunikeza izisekelo ze-comping, izikhungo ezingenisa ulwazi lokufunda) kungcono kakhulu ukuzuza imali kahulumeni eqhubekayo.

Izinhlangano Ezihlelekile Nezikhungo Zokubambisana

Awukho umtapo wezincwadi okwazi ukukwenza konke. Umngane nezikole, amakholiji omphakathi, izinhlangano ezingakhiqizi inzuzo, abaqashi, namaqembu okholo ukuze ahlanganyele ingcebo futhi agweme ukuphindaphindwa. Ngokwesibonelo, umtapo ungangenisa amakilasi entuthuko ezisebenzi anikezwa yikholiji lomphakathi lendawo, noma umngane womthola-khaya wezempilo ukuze anikeze amashabhu angcono. Leminyango iveza ukuphumelela kanye nokuthinta kwekhono, okunxusa ukuba kuhlelwe uhlelo lwemali kohulumeni bendawo abanolwazi lwezemali.

Ubuchwepheshe Nokutshala Imali

Inguqu eqinile, yobuchwepheshe obungalawuleki obusekela kokubili izinkonzo ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa uWi-Fi, ukusakaza amachashaza ashisayo, i-computer yomphakathi efinyelelekayo, kanye newebhusayithi yomphakathi kanye nekhathebhusayithi yobuhlobo. Njengoba imitapo i-ibhusayithi i-indene ukuze ihlanganise izimo zenkonzo (ezenzakalela kunyama +), kudingeka baqinisekise ukuthi i-schemical projective. Ohulumeni bendawo kufanele babheke ukuxhasa imitapower hhayi njengezindleko kodwa njengemali engenisa ukuxhumana komphakathi.

Ukwenza Nokubika Isinqumo Semininingwane

Lapho ifuna ukusekelwa, imitapo yezincwadi kumelwe ikhulume ulimi lwemiphumela, hhayi nje izinhlelo ezikhiqizwayo. Esikhundleni sokubika “izinhlelo eziyikhulu,” ibika“lezizinhlelo zasiza ama-80% abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba bazuze amakhono amanani” noma “ngemva kokuba sebephinde baya ezindaweni zokusebenzela, amaphesenti angu-30 abafuna umsebenzi athola umsebenzi phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-90.” Sebenzisa imininingwane ye-IMLS kanye ne-omtamla wezincwadi ukuze baphawule futhi babonise izidingo. I-day-driven ibika ifunda ifunda i-intembe yezethemba nezikhulu zendawo.

Isiphetho: Ikusasa Lemitapo Yomphakathi Nemfundo Ehlala Isikhathi Eside

Izincwadi zomphakathi zisebalulekile embonweni womphakathi ofundayo. Zinikeza inhlanganisela engavamile yokufinyelela ngokukhululekile, ukuqondisa kochwepheshe, nezinkonzo zomphakathi ezingekho ezinye izikhungo ezikhona. Ohulumeni bendawo abamisa imali exhasa imitapo, benza izimiso zokusekelana, nokukhuthaza ukubambisana kuvuleka kwenani elikhulu kubantu abaphila ngokulinganayo. Njengoba ijubane lokushintsha likhula nesidingo sokufunda okuqhubekayo, indima yomtapo wezincwadi iyobaluleka kakhulu. Ukutshala emitatsheni kungenisa kubantu izimali, ikhono labo, namandla abo, nekhono labo lokuphumelela ezweni elifuna ukufunda ukuphila konke.