Ukhetho lwendawo luyindawo ephambili yentando yeningi yabameleli bentando yeningi, kodwa ngokuvamile lumbozwa umbukwane wezindawo zobumongameli noma wezinhlanga zobubhishobhi. Nakuba ezombangazwe zesizwe zibusa kakhulu izihloko zezindaba nemithombo yezezenhlalo, izinqumo ezenziwa emagumbini omkhandlu wedolobha, imihlangano yesikole, namakhomishane esifunda anezinqumo ezishesha kakhulu nezibonakalayo ekuphileni kwakho kwansuku zonke. Kusukela ekukhululeni kwakho amanzi okuphuza asendaweni ephephile nasemigwaqweni yemigwaqweni yakho yesikole nasemiphakathini yakho, amavoti anquma izimiso kanye nezimali ezilawulayo eziklanyweni zomphakathi wakho. Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwalo khetho akusona nje isilinganiso esiwusizo kunoma ubani ofuna ukusho ngendlela ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo, edolobheni, noma emadolobheni. Ukhetho ngalunye olufundiswa esizweni lomphakathini lwendawo lungafinyelela ukulingana ngeminyaka eminingi yezakhamuzi, futhi luzihlanganise ukuhlanganisa, ukuhlanganisa nokuzindisa, ukuhlanganisa, ukuhlanganisa nokuzilisa, ukuhlanganisa, ukuhlanganisa nokuzindisa.

Ukuqonda Ukukhethwa Kwendawo

Okhetho bendawo luhlanganisa iziteshi eziningi ezihluka-hlukene ngombuso nomasipala. Izikhundla ezivamile zihlanganisa amameya, amalungu omkhandlu wedolobha, amakhomishane esifunda, abameli besikole, abameli besifunda, nabahluleli besifunda. Ezindaweni eziningi, abavoti banquma futhi ngezindlela zendawo ezihambelanayo ze-bolot org njengemibandela yezikole ezintsha, ukuhlanganisa izinguquko, noma ukukhokha intela (*) okuthinta ngokuqondile izinkonzo zomphakathi nentuthuko yomphakathi. Imijikelezo yalezi zikhundla ingavela ngeminyaka engavamile, entwasahlobo kunokuba iwiswe, noma ezimini ezihlukene nokhetho olungohulumeni, ngokuvamile eziholela ekubeni kube nezingakhonkwayo eziphansi kakhulu. Lesimiso sisho ukuthi ukuvota okunikezelweyo okubonisa ithonya le projectivesss ezise producence.

Indima Kahulumeni Wendawo

Ohulumeni bendawo banomthwalo wemfanelo wezinkonzo eziningi izakhamuzi ezithembele kuzo nsuku zonke, zihlanganisa:

  • Ukuphepha kobuPublic nokugcinwa komthetho – iminyango yamaphoyisa, izinkonzo zomlilo, ukusabela okuphuthumayo, nemithetho yendawo
  • Imfundo kanye nokuxhasa isikole [ – izimali zesikole somphakathi, amaholo othisha, izilinganiso zezifundo, kanye nokunakekelwa kwezakhiwo
  • Ukulungiswa nokuthuthukiswa - imigwaqo, amabhuloho, ukuthutha komphakathi, izimiso zamanzi nezokukhuculula indle, kanye nokwanda kobubanzi
  • impilo engcono nendle – ukuqoqwa kodoti, izinhlelo zokubuyisela ushintsho, ukuhlola impilo, kanye nemithola-mpilo yomphakathi
  • Amapark nezinkonzo zokuzijabulisa – amapaki omphakathi, izikhungo zomphakathi, amaqoqo ezemidlalo, kanye nokulondolozwa kwendawo eluhlaza
  • Izwe elisetshenziswayo kanye nokuhlelwa kwezindawo – ukusungulwa kwezindlu, imvume yezentengiselwano, isivikelo sendawo ezungezile, kanye nokuhlelwa kwamadolobha

Ingxenye ngayinye yalezi zindawo ithinta kakhulu ukuphila emphakathini. Ngokwesibonelo, isinqumo sekomiti yesikole sokusika imali yokuxhasa ubuciko singashintsha ulwazi lwesizukulwane ngemfundo, kuyilapho ukuvota kwedolobha okuhlelayo kungakhuthaza izindlu ezithengwayo noma kubeke imingcele. Ukhetho lwasendaweni luyindlela izakhamuzi ezingaqondisa ngayo lezi zinqumo ezibucayi.

Umphumela Wokhetho Lwendawo

Abantu abakhethwa emahhovisi endawo yibo abaguqula imigomo yezimiso ibe yizenzo ezibanzi ezithinta omakhelwane nsuku zonke. Nazi ezinye zezindawo ezilandela ukhetho olulawulayo:

Ukuthutha Imali Nemali Esetshenziswayo Kuza Kuqala

Abaholi bendawo banquma ukuhambisa kanjani imali yezikole, imigwaqo, ukuphepha komphakathi, amapaki, nezinkonzo zomphakathi. Ukushintshwa komphakathi kungasho imali eyengeziwe kumaphoyisa aqashayo noma, ngokuphambene, indawo yangempela ezimisweni zokuvimbela ubudlova ezisekelwe emphakathini. Imali efanayo yokulungisa izimali ngemva kwezinhlelo zesikole zobusha. Imali ngayinye inemali engcono kakhulu, futhi noma yiziphi izinqumo eziphambili ezithola inzuzo.

Ukumelela Umphakathi Nokulunga

Izikhulu eziqashelwayo zimelela izithakazelo zabantu bazo, ziqinisekisa ukuthi cishe lawo magama endawo abekwe phansi noma abekwe phansi. [1] Kuzwakala amavoti ephansi, amavoti athanda ukuba amadala, amhlophe, futhi acebe kunabantu abavamile, okusho ukuthi izinqumo zezimiso zingase zingabonisi izidingo zomphakathi ogcwele. Ukumelelwa okuguquguqukayo emikhandlwini nasebuthweni kuholela emiphumeleni elinganayo ezindaweni zokuhlala, ukugcinwa kwezindawo, ukuhlelwa kwemisebenzi, nentuthuko yezomnotho.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwesimiso Nokusungulwa Kwezinhlelo

Ohulumeni bendawo bavame ukuba yizindawo zokucwaninga zentando yeningi − bahlola imibono emisha kamuva engalingana nemithetho emisha yezwe noma yesizwe. Kusukela ekuvuselweni amandla ezinhlelo zendawo yonke zangaphambi konyaka, izimiso eziningi zokuguqula zaqalwa ezingeni likamasipala. Uhlelo lwesikhulu semeya ekubekeni isimo sezulu esiqinile noma ukwamukela kwebhodi yesikole inqubo yokulungisa inqubo yobulungisa kungabuyisela ukuphila kwansuku zonke futhi kubeke izimpawu zenguquko enkulu. Ngokwesibonelo, amadolobha anjenge- Partland, i-Oregon[FLT], i-oregon[FLT] i-coce i-astrice i-ice i-coce i-astrice ehooctive ngezenzo zendawo, ithonya izinguquko zokuvota ezweni.

Izindlu, Izinto Zokuhamba Nendawo Eyakheke Kakhulu

Zimbalwa izinto ezithinta izinga lokuphila komkhaya ngokuqondile njengalapho uhlala khona nendlela ohlala ngayo. Izikhulu zendawo zivumela izinhlelo ezintsha zokuhlala, zimisa iziqondiso zokuhlela indawo, futhi zinqume ukuthi zingatshala yini imizila yamabhayisekili, ukuhamba ngebhasi, noma ukunwetshwa kwemigwaqo emikhulu. Lezi zinqumo zihlela izikhathi zokushintshashintsha kwezindiza, izinga lempahla, kanye nokuhamba kwendawo. Emadolobheni amaningi akhula ngokushesha, ukukhetha kwendawo kuye kwaba izikhundla zokulwa, izimvume zokulawula izindlu ezibizayo, kanye nokuqasha ukuphathwa kwezindawo zomphakathi.

Okwenza Yonke Imishini Ibaluleke

Emjikelezweni wokhetho ovamile, izinhlanga zesizwe ziyayaleza ukunaka okukhulu, kodwa ukhetho lwendawo luvame ukuveza amadamu amancane kakhulu. Umjaho womongameli angabona 60-70% ejikelezwa, kuyilapho imeya enkulu ingadwe kuphela i-10-10-20% yabavoti abafanelekayo. Kuleyondawo ephansi kangaka eguqukayo, ivoti eyodwa ithwala ubunzima obukhulu. Nazi izizathu eziyinhloko ezenza ukuba zonke izindaba zokuvota zendawo:

Imijaho Eseduze Neminyango Ewujuqu

Okhetho bendawo ngokuvamile baveza ama-nsingo-finsi. Ngo-2021, umjaho weqembu lesikole edolobheni elincane laseTexas wanqunywa ngevoti eyodwa. Emiphakathini eminingi, izinhlanga zomkhandlu wedolobha noma i-coproller zizuzwa ngamavoti angaphansi kwekhulu. Uma i-creut iyonke iphansi, amandla alinganiselwe ebhola ngalinye elikhuphukayo. Umuntu olahlekelwa ngamavoti angu-50 wayengaba uzuze uma nje abasekeli abambalwa abebebebebe bebonise khona, noma uma omunye umninindlu ebengangqongqoza eminyango.

Ukuhlanganyela Kwesivumelwano Nekusasa

Umavota abakhulu okhethweni bendawo badala indinganiso eqondile. Lapho abantu bebona omakhelwane babo bevota futhi abangane babo bexoxa ngabazovota, kukwenza kube okuvamile ukuthembisana komphakathi futhi kukhuthaza ukuhlanganyela okhethweni lwesikhathi esizayo.

Ukulandisa Nokuziphendulela

Izikhulu eziqashelwe kakhulu zisabela kakhulu ekufuneni amavoti. Ilungu lomkhandlu wedolobha elazi ukuthi isisekelo esincane, esithembekile kuphela esibekwe ekukhethweni kokugcina singabeka indawo esekelwe kumphakathi obanzi. Amabutho ahlanganyelayo agcwele wonke amaqembu kanye nabaphikisi ngokufanayo ukuxoxa ngezinkathazo zezakhamuzi eziphambanayo. Lokhu kulandisa kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenziseni uhulumeni wentando yeningi wendawo. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe okuphathelene nezindlela zokuvota, bona ukuhlaziya uphengululo locwaningo lwe-U.S.

Izithiyo Zokuhlanganyela

Naphezu kokubaluleka okusobala kokhetho lwendawo, imingcele ephawulekayo ivimbela izakhamuzi eziningi ezifanelekayo ekufakeni ifomu lephepha.

Ukungaqapheli Nokwaziswa

Izakhamuzi eziningi azikwazi ukuthi zikhona nini okhetho bazo bendawo noma ukuthi ubani ohamba. Izinhlanga zendawo zithola isilinganiso esincane kakhulu sezindaba kunemincintiswano kahulumeni noma kahulumeni, futhi abafuna ukufika ngokuvamile abanazo izimali zokukhangisa okukhulu. Abakhangisi bangase babone isikhwama esigcwele amagama abangakaze bezwe ngawo futhi bamane bawuyeke lo mjaho. Leligebe lokwaziswa lithinta kakhulu ukufinyelela okuphansi nokuvota okusebasha, okungase kungatholakali ekungeneni emizamweni yomphakathi noma emapulatifomuni ahlanganisa izindaba zokukhetha.

Izindaba Zokubhalisa

Ezinye izinqubo ezididayo zingakuqeda ukubhalisa eduze emasontweni ngaphambi kosuku lokhetho, kanti ezinye zidinga ubufakazi obuqondile noma obubonisa ukuthi ukhona umuntu ohlala khona. Abantu abathuthela njalo emahhovisi okubhalisa, abantu abangenazo izinto zokuhamba noma abangazazi izinsuku ezimisiwe bangase bazithole bengakwazi ukuvota. Ngisho nokubhalisa i - Internet ngokuqondile kungaba yisithiyo kulabo abangakholeki kuyi - Internet.

Ukutholakala Nendawo Engcolile

Imingcele engokomzimba enjengebanga elide lokuhlola izindawo, ukuntuleka kwezokuthutha komphakathi, noma amagceke angangeneki angavimbela abantu ekuvotelweni. Amahora okuvota angaphambili angaphikisana nezimiso zomsebenzi, futhi izinhlelo zokuthumela iposi zingaba nzima ukudlula. Kubantu abakhubazekile, abangakwazi ukukhuluma ulimi, noma abanemithwalo yemfanelo yokuvota, isenzo sokuvota singaba inselele enkulu. Ngokwe- National Conference of Legastistures[, kusho ukuthi baye basebenzisa izinguquko ezihlukahlukene kulemibuzo, kodwa ishiyekile.

Ukukhuthaza Ukuhlanganyela Ezikhethweni Zendawo

Imizamo yokuthuthukisa ukuvota kwendawo kumelwe ibhekwe ngokuningi, ibhekelwe izithiyo zemithetho kanye nesimo sengqondo esingokwesiko ngokuphathelene nokuthembisana nomphakathi. Ngezansi kunamasu avunyiwe angenziwa imiphakathi, amaqembu okhetho, nezikhulu.

Imfundo Yesibani Nokubona Kwaso Ngangaphandle

Ukunikeza ukwaziswa okucacile, okungekho kwesigaba esingokwabantu abazobhapathizwa kanye nezimpikiswano kunika abavoti amandla okukhetha ngolwazi. Izinhlangano ezingazuzisi njengeBallotipedia zinikeza iziqondiso eziningiliziwe ezinhlangeni zendawo, futhi amaphephandaba endawo avame ukunyathelisa i-Q& Njengabangenisi abazothatha i-am. Abazothatha i-am, ukusakaza amabhola afanayo ngamaphuzu achazayo, nokusebenzisa imithombo yezokuxhumana ukuze baqokomise inqubo. Abaqondisi abaqonda ukuthi yini ehilelekile bangayiqeda.

Ukubhalisa Nokudlala Ngemisebe Ephakeme

Imithetho enjengeyokubhalisa okuzenzekelayo, ukubhalisa kosuku olulodwa, nokuvota kwanda kwakuqala kuye kwaboniswa ukwanda, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwenani labasha nabahamba ngezinyawo. Izwe nomasipala abathatha lezi zinyathelo basusa ukungezwani okukhulu enqubeni. Ngokwesibonelo, bathi ukusungula ukubhalisa okuzenzekelayo kwaba nesilinganiso [ ukwanda kwa 5-10% kukhetho olulandelayo.

Izenzakalo Zomphakathi Nezimpande Eziyinhloko

Ukubuthana kwemihlangano yomphakathi, amahholo edolobha, nezenzakalo zesikhashana zingadala intuthuko yomphakathi phakathi nokhetho lwendawo. Imikhankaso yokungqongqoza iminyango yomnyango, amabhange ocingo, nezikhumbuzo zomyalezo wetekisi ziphumelela kakhulu ekuvotelweni ngezikhathi ezithile. Uma abantu bezwa ukuthi bahlobene nomfundi noma umagazini. Njengoba umakhelwane wabacela ukuba bavote noma baye endaweni yokhetho. Bangaba nengxenye kakhulu.

Ubuchwepheshe Obuntengantenga Nemithombo Yezomphakathi

Imikhankaso eminingi yendawo iye yasebenzisa i-platform ngokuphumelelayo njenge-Seveterdoo, amaqembu e-Facebook, ne-AsApp ukuze isakaze ulwazi futhi i-operacter. Amathuluzi e-odatic anganciphisa izindleko zomvoti futhi asize izigijimi ezikhombayo ezindaweni ezithile. Izinhlelo zokubhalisa nokuhlola i-inthambi ku-inthanel yenza kube lula ngezakhamuzi ukuthola ukuthi zingavota kuphi futhi zivote kanjani. Nokho, imiphakathi kumelwe iqaphele ukuqashela ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi imithombo yokuvota esemthethweni yokuvota kulula ukufinyelela nokuhlanganyela.

Indlela Yokuhlala Unolwazi Nezibopho Phakathi Kokhetho

Isithembiso somshado akufanele siphele ngosuku lokhetho. Ukuze ithonya ngempela ukubusa kwendawo, izakhamuzi kumelwe zihlale zihilelekile unyaka wonke. Nazi izindlela zokuhlala zihlangene:

  • Ingqungquthela yedolobha nebhodi yesikole - - lezi ngokuvamile zivulekele umphakathi futhi zivame ukuhlala zingena; izikhathi zokukhulumela komphakathi zikuvumela ukuba usho izinto ezikukhathazayo ngokuqondile kubenzi besinqumo.
  • Zibophelele kumaphepha-zindaba endawo kanye namaphepha-zincwadi kamasipala asemthethweni - - - ukuhlala waziswe ngamavoti azayo, ukuqulwa kwamacala omphakathi, kanye nezihlongozo zokuhlela uhlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali kuqinisekisa ukuthi ungafaka isisindo ngaphambi kokuba izinqumo ziqedwe.
  • ikhonza ebhodini yendawo noma ekhomishane - – imiphakathi eminingi inezindawo ezingakhokhelwayo noma ezithenjiwe eziluleka ngokuhlelwa, amapaki, ukwakha, ukuhlanganisa imitapo, nangaphezulu; lezi ziyizindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuklama isimiso ngaphakathi.
  • [ Ivolunteer yomkhankaso noma iqembu lokungafundi – ukuthi usekela ozongenela noma isilinganiso somkhandi, ukuzinikela kuqinisa ithonya lakho futhi kwakhe ubuhlobo nomakhelwane abanezingqondo ezifana.
  • balekela ihhovisi - - uma ubona isidingo sokushintsha futhi ufisa ukukhonza, cabangela ukugijimela isikhundla sendawo. Amahhovisi amaningi awadingi okuhlangenwe nakho kwezombangazwe, kuphela ukuzimisela ukulalela nokuhola.

Isiphetho

Ukhetho lwendawo alulona uhlobo oluncane lwentando yeningi, luyizimpawu eziqondile. Izinqumo ezenziwa amameya, amalungu omkhandlu, amabhodi esikole, nezinye izikhulu zendawo zihlela ukuphepha, ukuchuma, nobuntu bezindawo esizibiza ekhaya. Ivoti ngayinye efakwe kulemincintiswano ithwala ubunzima bangempela, ikakhulukazi uma i-pane iqinile futhi ingemuva. Ngokuqonda ukubaluleka kokhetho lwendawo, ukusingatha imingcele yokuhlanganyela, kanye nokuthatha unyaka wonke, singakha imiphakathi eveza ngempela intando yezakhamuzi zayo. Isikhathi esilandelayo lapho i-voti ifika ngeposi noma ngemigqomo yokhetho emnyango wakho, khumbula: ithuluzi lakho elinamandla kakhulu lokuthonya izwe ngaphandle kwefasitela lakho. Sebenzisa.