Table of Contents

Ukuthutha komphakathi kuwumgogodla wezindawo ezihamba emadolobheni nasedolobheni, ukuhlanganisa abantu nemisebenzi, imfundo, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, namathuba okuzilibazisa. Ngaphezu nje kwendlela yokuthola isilinganiso A ukuya eqophelweni B, ithonya isimilo samadolobha, ithonya izakhiwo nendawo, futhi inquma indlela abantu abahlukene ngokulinganayo abangathola ngayo izinkonzo ezibalulekile. Izimiso zendawo . ... .Njengoba izimali zezindawo zinikezwa ukuhlanganisa imithetho yokuhlanganisa imingcele, ukufinyelela, nokukwazi ukuthatha, nokukhokha izindlela zokuthutha ezikhona ezakhamuzini. Ukuqonda lobu buhlobo kunika izakhamuzi amandla okusekela izimiso ezisebenzela izakhamuzi zabo ngempela.

Indima Yokuhamba Komphakathi Emiphakathini

Izimiso zokuthutha zomphakathi, kuhlanganise namabhasi, izitimela, izitimela ezilula, nezikhungo zokuhamba, zinikeza izinzuzo eziningi ezidlulela ngalé kokuhamba okulula. Zisebenza njengomphakathi ongazinciphisa izindleko zomphakathi futhi zithuthukise izinga lokuphila ezindinganisweni eziningi.

Izinzuzo Zendawo Ezungezile

Ngokususa abagibeli ezimotweni ezizimele baye ezimotweni ezihambayo, izinto zokuhamba zomphakathi zinciphisa kakhulu ukushisa kwegesi eshisayo. Ngokwe-American Public Transportation Association, umuntu oyedwa osuka emotweni ehamba ngokuzihambela ezindaweni zomphakathi anganciphisa igesi yekhabhoni efinyelela ku-30% ngosuku. Izimoto ezimbalwa emgwaqweni zisho futhi zingangcolisi kakhulu umoya kanye nezinga eliphansi le-ozone ephansi, okuthuthukisa ngokuqondile impilo yokuphefumula ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Amadolobha anezimiso zokuthutha eziqinile athambekela ekubeni nendawo eluhlaza kakhulu nengangeni eliphezulu kakhulu, ukunciphisa amanzi emvula enhlabathi kanye nomphumela wokushisa kwesiqhingi sasedolobeni.

Izinzuzo Zezomnotho

Ukuthutha komphakathi kuyinjini enamandla yezomnotho. Wonke amadollar athengiswe ekuthuthweni angenisa cishe ama-irandi angu-4 (R1,50) ngokwenzuzo yezezomnotho, njengoba ethuthukisa ukufinyelela imisebenzi, andisa amanani empahla eduze kweziteshi, futhi anciphisa izindleko zokuminyana. Izindawo ezithengwayo zikhanga amabhizinisi netalenta, futhi umsebenzi othembekile unganciphisa izindleko zokuhamba ekhaya ngokuphawulekayo (ngokuqhathaniswa ne R7 000) noma ngaphezulu ngonyaka uma kuqhathaniswa nokuba nezimoto. Lemali egciniwe ikhuphuka kakhulu kwezomnotho zendawo, ikhuphuzisa imali encishisiwe kwezinye izimpahla kanye nezinkonzo.

Ukulingana Kwezenhlalo

Kubantu abangakwazi ukushayela ngenxa yobudala, ukukhubazeka, iholo, noma ukukhetha, izinto zokuhamba zomphakathi ziwusizo. Izimiso zokuthutha ezilinganayo ziqinisekisa ukuthi izindawo ezifikayo eziphansi, imiphakathi enemibala, namadolobhana asemaphethelweni anemisebenzi ekhona kaningi futhi athembekile. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kukwazi ukufinyelela, abantu abaningi baphelelwa amathuba okusebenza, imfundo, noma ukunakekelwa kwezempilo. Izimiso ezimisa ukulinganisela ekuhleleni inkonzo .

Ukuncishiswa Kwezimoto

Izindleko zezomnotho zase-U.S. zibiza umkhiqizo ongaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-200 (amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-200) ngonyaka ngenxa yokulahleka kophethiloli. Ukuthutha komphakathi kukhulula lomthwalo ngokuthutha abantu abaningi endaweni ephansi. Ibhasi elilodwa lingathatha indawo yezimoto ezingu-40 kuya kwezingu-60, futhi imoto ingathatha indawo yamakhulu. Imigwaqo ehlotshisiwe yebhasi nezimiso zesitimela eziphumelelayo azisizi nje kuphela abathuthi abahambi kodwa futhi zicwebezela abashayeli abasele emotweni, ukuthutha amaloli, nezimoto eziphuthumayo, okwenza sonke isimiso sokuhamba sibe namandla.

Impilo Nokulondeka

Abasebenzisa itransi bahamba kakhulu kunabashayeli, ngokuvamile baqongelela ingxenye ephawulekayo yomsebenzi wabo wansuku zonke ongokomzimba owenziwa nsuku zonke beya futhi bema. Lokhu kuhamba okusebenzayo kunciphisa amazinga okukhuluphala, isifo senhliziyo, nesifo sikashukela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthutha umphakathi kuphephe kakhulu kunokushayela: ingozi yokufa ehamba ngebhasi noma ngesitimela cishe icishe ibe cishe ingxenye eyodwa kweziyishumi yemoto yomuntu siqu. Imigwaqo ephephile nezingozi ezincishisiwe ziyizinzuzo eziqondile zezimiso zezimoto ezihambayo ezihambayo.

Indlela Imithetho Yendawo Ethonya Ngayo Ukuthutha Komphakathi

Izimiso zendawo ziyimigomo eyinhloko enquma ukuthi isimiso sokuthutha siyachuma noma sinezingxabano. Izinqumo ezenziwa imikhandlu yedolobha, amabhodi okuthutha, kanye nokuhlelwa kwemishini kuhlela yonke into kusukela ekusebenziseni inkonzo kuya ekuthengeni amanani emisebenzi kuya ekuklanyweni kwesimiso somcimbi.

Ukukhokha Nokutshala Imali

Ukuthutha komphakathi kungenisa inhloko-nkulu futhi kudinga izimali ezingapheli ukuze kugcinwe isisekelo sesisekelo esikhona futhi kwandiswe ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esikhulayo. Ohulumeni bendawo baphakamisa izimali zokuthutha ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene: intela yezentengiselwano (ngokuvamile evunyelwa yi-voti, njenge-Los Angeles County’s Emeement M), izintela zempahla, inzuzo yokupaka imoto, kanye nezindawo ezinikezwayo ezivamile. Ukuzinzisa nezingako zemali kuthinta amazinga enkonzo, izimiso zokulungisa izimoto, nokulungisa izimoto. Uma izimali zifinyele, izinhlangano ziphoqwala izindleko, izindleko, noma ukulungiswa okubalulekile kokuncipha kwemoto nokukhushukuma kwemoto nokukhushulwa.

Iziphakamiso ze-Federal Transit Administration (FTA), njengalezo ezivela kuyiFederal Transita, zifeza indima ebucayi kodwa zidinga izimali zendawo. Izombangazwe zendawo zifuna ukuhlela ukuthunyelwa kwemali eshayelwe ngokwezimo ngokuvamile kuyisici esinqumayo ukuthi idolobha lingatholaka yini lezinkokhelo ezinkulu. Ulwazi oluningi ngezinhlelo zemali kahulumeni zingatholakala kuwebhusayithi ye-FLT FTA .

Ukuhlela Idolobha Nokuziminza

Izimiso zokulungisa indawo nezimiso zokusebenzisa izwe zinquma ukuthi abantu bahlalaphi futhi basebenzaphi uma kuqhathaniswa neziteshi zokuthutha. Izimiso ze-Transit-omient ethuthukisayo (TOD) zikhuthaza ukwakhiwa okuxubeneyo, okunengxenye yonyaka-nyaka phakathi kwezindawo ezinkulu zokuthutha. Lokhu kwakha indawo eyakhiweyo lapho ukuhamba, ukushaya ibhulukwe, nokugibela kuyizinto ezingokwemvelo. Ngokuphambene, ukuhlukanisa izindawo zokuhlala ezihlukene ezikude namaphasishi ngokuvamile kwenza kube nzima ukunikeza, izindleko zenkonzo yokuthutha. Izindawo eziye zaguqula indawo ukuba zivumele ukuthwala izimoto ezingaphezulu, njengeMinneapolis nePortland, zibone ukuthutha okuphezulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi zezakhamuzi.

Izimiso zokumisa futhi zibalulekile. Zimbalwa izimfuneko zokupaka ezithuthukisiwe eziphoqelele abashayeli ukuba bafake imoto mahhala, kuyilapho ukupaka okuningi kukhuthaza ukushayela emotweni. Amadolobha athuthukayo athatha indawo yezimoto ngezindawo zokupaka eziphezulu, noma ukumisa izimoto eziseziminyameni ukuze abonise isidingo, okukhulula indawo yokuhlala futhi kunciphise idolo lokufuna imoto.

Umngane Womphakathi

Ukuhlelwa phakathi kwezinhlangano zezithuthi nezinkampani ezizimele kungandisa inkonzo ngaphandle kokucindezela imali yomphakathi. Izibonelo zihlanganisa izinhlelo zebhayisekili nezasithuthuthu, abashayeli abasebenzisa i-microtrans abasebenza ezindaweni eziphansi, nemisebenzi yokuthuthukisa ehlangene lapho abathuthukisi abakhi bomuntu bakha iziteshi noma izikhungo ezihlangeneyo ukuze banciphe inani elikhudlwana. Ukubambisana okunjalo kudinga iziqondiso ezicophelelayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufinyelela, kodwa uma kwenziwe kahle, kuthuthukisa futhi kunciphe izindleko.

Ukuhlanganyela Komphakathi

Ukuhlanganyela komphakathi okunenjongo kubalulekile ekwakheni imishini esebenzayo kulabo abayisebenzisayo. Ngokomlando, imisebenzi eminingi yokuthutha yabekwa emiphakathini ngaphandle kokwaziswa kwayo, kuholela emizileni ephuthelwayo noma engazinaki izidingo zabantu abadala nabakhubazekile. Izindlela zanamuhla ezingcono kakhulu zihlanganisa ukuphuma kwezindlela zezilimi, amathuluzi e-inthanethi, izenzakalo eziqhakaza abantu abahlanganyela ekuhleleni. Izinhlangano ezifaka phambili ziveza iziteshi ezijabulela ukwethenjwa nokwethenjwa kakhulu komphakathi.

Izinhlobo Zokuhamba Komphakathi Nezinzuzo Zazo Eziyingqayizivele

Akuyona yonke indawo edalwe elinganayo, izindlela ezihlukene zifeza izidingo ezihlukene, futhi izimiso zendawo kufanele zihambisane nokutshala imali nokuma kwezwe nokwanda kwenani labantu kulendawo.

I - “bus ”

Amabhuse ayindlela elula kakhulu netholakala kakhulu yokuthutha komphakathi. Angavuselelwa ngokushelela okulinganiselwe, ayenze ifaneleke kahle ekuvumelaneni nokushintsha kwezindlela. Izimiso zokuthutha kwebhasi zanamuhla ezisheshayo (BRT) ezinemizila enikezelweyo, iqoqo lemali engaphandle, futhi ukugibela ijubane kanye namandla enjali yokukhanya ngengxenye encikene nemali. Idolobha elifana neCuritiba, iBrazil, ne Los Angeles libonise ukuthi i-BRT ingaguqula indlela yokuhamba uma isekelwe yintando yezombangazwe.

I - Light Rail Nezinqola Ezisemgwaqweni

Umzila wokukhanya unikeza amandla aphezulu nejubane kunamabhasi lapho egijima ehamba ngamalungelo akhethekile. Uheha abagibeli abangase bangahambi ngenye indlela futhi bangaphazamisi izomnotho emaphasishini. Nokho, kudinga ukutshala izimali eziphambili futhi bajwayelana ngokucophelela nezinye izindlela.

Imihubhe Enzima Nezindlela Ezingaphansi

Imigwaqo engaphansi inikeza amandla aphezulu nejubane elisheshayo emaphasishini asemadolobheni aminyene. Isusa ngokuphelele izimoto emigwaqweni, ixhumanisa amadolobha nezindawo zamabhizinisi eziphakathi. Izibonelo zihlanganisa i-MTA yaseDolobheni laseNew York ne-Washington Metro. Ukwakha imigqa emishala yesitimela ehamba ngaphansi komhlaba kubiza kakhulu futhi kuthatha isikhathi eside, kodwa izinzuzo zesikhathi eside uma kuziwa ezingeni lendlela nasendaweni zingathethelela izindleko.

Irail Elawulayo

Ujantshi we-commuter usebenza amabanga amade phakathi kwezindawo ezisemadolobheni. Ivame ukusetshenziswa izisebenzi ezithatha uhambo olulodwa lwansuku zonke futhi ingaba indlela ebizayo yokusiza izifunda eziphansi. Izikhulu ezisekela izindawo zokupaka nezindawo zokuthutha ipaki, izinkonzo zamabhasi, nokuhlobisa amathikithi ngemoto yendawo kwandisa ukukhanga kwazo.

Ama - Ferres Namanzi Ayi - taxis

Emadolobheni asogwini noma emifuleni, iziteshi zinikeza indawo ekhangayo nesheshayo ezindaweni ezigcwele imigwaqo. Zibaluleke kakhulu lapho amabhuloho elinganiselwe. Izimiso zendawo kumelwe ziqinisekise ukuthi izikebhe zitholakala ngezinyawo, ngebhayisekili, nangebhasi futhi lezo zindleko zincintisana nezinye izindlela.

I-Micro-Transit kanye nezisekelo ze-On-Demand

Izinkonzo ezintsha, njengasemithunjini yebhayisekili ehambayo noma emashadini ahlangene, zigcwalisa izikhala emsebenzini wesiko omisiwe. Zingaphumelela ezindaweni eziphansi noma ekuhambeni ebusuku. Nokho, abenzi bemithetho kumelwe bagweme ukuhlukanisa izinkonzo zebhasi ezizinzile noma ukwenza izimiso ezimbili zokuhamba nge-athomu lapho abasebenzisi be-svavy bethola khona inkonzo engcono.

Izinselele Zokuhamba Komphakathi

Naphezu kwezinzuzo zazo, izimiso zokuthutha zomphakathi zibhekene neziphepho eziphawulekayo ezidinga ukusabela okufanelekile.

Ukukhokhela ama-all nama-"Transit Death translate"

Ukungalingani kwezimali ezigunyaza izinhlangano zezezimali zokunciphisa umsebenzi, onciphisa ukugibela imikhumbi, okuthi nakho kuvumelane nokuncipha. Lokhu kuncipha kuvamile ezimisweni ezithembele emithonjeni eguquguqukayo. Umqedazwe weCOVID waqinisa lo kuthambekela, njengoba usizo lwesimo esiphuthumayo lwamazwe lunqwabelanisa izinhlangano eziningi kodwa lungaxazululi izikweletu ezingaphansi kwezakhiwo. Imithombo yezimali enikezelwe isikhathi eside ifana nentela yezentengo noma ukukhokha intela ekhokhwanywayo ekhokhwa ukwehla ukwenyuka kwamandla emali.

Ukuthandwa Umphakathi Nokuvinjelwa

Kumasiko aphakathi kwemoto, ezokuthutha zomphakathi zingabhekwa ngokungafanele njengendawo yokugcina yokuhamba engcono kakhulu kwalabo abangakwazi ukuthenga imoto. Lesisihlazo sicindezela ukugibela imoto futhi sinciphisa ukusekela kwezombangazwe ukuze kuxhaswe izimali. Imikhankaso yokuqaphela umphakathi eqokomisa ulwelo, ukwethembeka, nezinzuzo zendawo ezungezile zingasiza ekuqondeni ngokushintshashintsha. Izindaba zempumelelo yangempela, njenge-RTDD noma i-Syndrount’s Light Rail ka-il, zibonisa ukuthi uma imoto ihamba ngokushesha futhi isetshenziswa njalo, abantu bazo zonke izilinganiso zemali ezisebenzayo.

Iziyalezo Zokuguga

Izimiso eziningi zokuthutha, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni amadala, zihlushwa amashumi eminyaka okuzilungisa okungasasebenzi. Ama-oda, izimpawu, iziteshi, nezimoto zidinga ukulungiswa njalo. I-American Society of Civil Engineers inikeza izinga lezakhiwo zezokuthutha leD. Ngaphandle kokubekwa kabusha okukhulu, ukulahlekelwa kokwethembeka nezingozi zokuphepha. Abaholi bezombangazwe kumelwe babeke phambili ukuvuselelwa kwezakhiwo kanye nokwanda ukuze bagweme ukwephula izimiso ezikhona.

Ukuswelakala Kwezisebenzi Nezinkinga Zomsebenzi

Izinhlangano ezithuthayo kulo lonke izwe zizama ukuqasha futhi zigcine abashayeli, omakhenikha, nabathumeli. Iholo lenkokhelo, izimo zokusebenza ezingcono, namasitebhisi omsebenzi adingekayo. Izikhulu ezivumela umsebenzi wesikhashana, izimiso ezivumelana nezimo, nezinhlelo zokuqeqesha zingasiza ekukhangeni izisebenzi ezihlukahlukene.

Ukuphepha Nokulondeka

Abagibeli badinga ukuzizwa belondekile kokubili ezimotweni nasezimweni eziphansi. Ubugebengu, ukungabi namakhaya, nezimo eziphuthumayo zempilo ezimisweni zezokuthutha kudinga indlela yozwela kodwa ephumelelayo. Izikhulu ezandisa ukuba khona kwamanxusa aqeqeshiwe (kunokusetshenziswa kwamaphoyisa ahlomile), zithuthukisa ukukhanya neCCCTV, futhi zixhumanisa abantu nezinkonzo zomphakathi kungathuthukisa ukuphepha ngaphandle kobugebengu obungaphazanyiswa.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo: Indlela Inqubo Yendawo Eshintsha Ngayo Impumelelo

IPortland, Oregon – Transit-Orient Development Yenziwe ngakwesokudla

Uhulumeni wesifunda sasePortland, iMetro, uye wasebenzisa imingcele yokukhula kwamadolobha kanye nezindawo ukuze agxilise ingqondo ekuthuthukeni kwesitimela esilula kanye namabhasi. Isimiso se-MAX Light Rail, savulwa ngo-1986, salandelwa ukuhlela ngokucophelela indawo esetshenziswayo ekhuthaza ukuxubana, izindawo ezihambayo eduze neziteshi. Umphumela uyidolobha lapho cishe ikhulu elingu-13% labathuthi abasebenzisa i-transport, futhi abaningi baphila ngaphandle kokuba nemoto. Izifundo ezivela ePortland ziqokomisa ukuthi ukutshala imoto kumelwe kuhlanganiswe nenqubo esekela indawo ezungezile. Imininingwane eminingi ingatholakala eziteshishishini ezise [[FLT:] Transit Street Desition Guide[FLD]. [FLD:1]

IHouston, ETexas – I - Bus System Reboot

Ngo- 2015, inkampani ye-Houston’s METRO yalungisa ngokuphelele uhlelo lwayo lwebhayisekili kusukela kwi-code-lish-hyb-redet kuya kwisimiso se-grid esinemigqa ephindwe kaningi emaphasishini anezihluthu. Ushintsho olukhushulelwe ekufikeni okwengeziwe, ukucutha izikhathi zokulinda, nokukhuliswa kwendlela yokugibela ngezikhathi eziphindwe ka-7% ngonyaka wokuqala, naphezu kokwenyuka kwemali esetshenziswayo. Izimpawu zazisekelwe ekufakeni okukhulu kokwaziswa komphakathi, okufakazela ukuthi ngisho nangaphandle kwemali entsha, izimiso ze-schemeter zingathuthukisa inkonzo. Lendaba ibhalwe [[FLT:]TRANTRANT][FLD [F:1]].

ILos Angeles County – Linganisa IM Nenguquko Yenguquko

Ngo-2016, abavoti be-Los Angeles County bagunyaziwe ukuba balinganise i-M, intela yengxenye yengxenye yentela yokuthengisa elinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-R3 zezigidi ezingu-20 eminyakeni engaphezu kwezingu-40 yemisebenzi yokuthutha nomgwaqo omkhulu. Izimali zisiza ekuthuthukiseni isimiso se-Metro Rail, i-BRT, kanye nokuxhumana kokuqala/okugcina isikhathi. Isilinganiso saklanywa nge-meta yesikhathi esimisiwe kanye nohlu oluphambili olunikeza ithemba lokukhokha intela eyosetshenziswa njengesithembiso. Imiphumela yangaphambili ibonisa ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo nokuhoxa nokuhamba kwe-washiwe ngemva kweminyaka eminingi. Kubonisa ukuthi imali enikezelwe endaweni ekhethekile, igcinwe ngenqubo yedemokhrasi, ingaguqula indawo ezimeleyo.

Izinqubo Zokuthuthukisa Ukuthutha Komphakathi

Imiphakathi ingasebenzisa izindlela eziningi zokuqinisa izimiso zayo zokuthutha, kungakhathaliseki isimo sezombangazwe samanje.

Ama - “Bus ” Azinikezele Ne - bus Aza Kuqala

Ukumisa imizila yamabhasi ehlukene ngokomzimba nezimoto, ukuyifaka amakhamera, nokunikeza amabhasi indawo yokuqala ezimpawuni zomgwaqo kunganciphisa izikhathi zokuhamba ngo-20-40%. Lena enye yezindlela ezibiza kakhulu zokuthuthukisa inkonzo ngaphandle kokuthenga izimoto ezintsha.

Izimiso Zokwakha Eziminyene Nezinduna Ezigcwele Izixuku

I-Pricies eyakhela amabhasi i-app kanye noma i-pane ye-parter yebhasi, izitimela, izithuthi zebhayisekili, futhi ngisho nokupaka imoto yenza uhambo oluningi lungabi namthungo. Izindawo zembubhiso zenza izindawo lapho izinkonzo ezihlukahlukene zihlangana khona zenza ukuthutha kube lula futhi kwandise ukusebenza kwezimiso zesimiso. Amadolobha anjenge-London ne-Singapore aqala ukukhokha ngaphandle kokuxhumana kuzo zonke izindlela.

Izinhlelo Ezinhle

Intethelelo yemali ehholwayo ephansi, imali edlulayo ekhokhwa ngenyanga ngesilinganiso seholo, noma ukuthutha ngokukhululekile kwentsha nasebekhulile kungasusa izithiyo zezimali. Amadolobha amaningana, kuhlanganise iBoston neSeattle, manje anikeza izakhamuzi imali encishisiwe engaphansi kwemali eziyitholayo, exhaswe ngemithombo yemali enikezelwe.

Ubudlelwane bomphakathi bokuqala/Okugcina iMile

Izinkonzo zokuhamba ngemoto ezilula, iziteshi ezithatha amabhayisekili eziteshini zokuthutha, kanye nemizila engcono yezinyawo nebhayisekili kungandisa ukufika kwemoto elungisiwe. I-policies edinga intuthuko entsha ukuze inikele kuleyo ntuthuko ngezindleko zemiphumela noma ngezivumelwano zomphakathi ingaxhasa lokhu kuxhumana.

Ukuhlelwa kwemininingwane-indawo kanye nokwaziswa kwesikhathi

Izinhlangano zokudlulisa kufanele zivule ukwaziswa ngezimiso, izindawo zemoto, kanye nokugibela imoto. Lokhu kuveza amehlo kukhuthaza abakhi bezinhlelo ukuba benze amathuluzi asiza abagibeli bahlele uhambo. Ulwazi olufikayo ngesikhathi esingokoqobo uma kumiswa futhi ngezimpawu zemishini lunciphisa ukukhathazeka futhi lulinde izikhathi, kuthuthukisa ulwazi lwamakhasi.

Ikusasa Lokuhamba Komphakathi

Ubuchwepheshe obuhlanganisa imishini kanye nokushintshana kwezenhlalo kuzophinde kudluliswe emashumini eminyaka azayo.

Ukwaziswa Kwezitimela

Izinhlangano eziningi zishintshela kumabhasi kagesi, anokuthula, ahlanzekile, futhi ashibhile ukuba asebenze phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwawo kunediesel. Izakhiwo zokukhokha idesiki nemali ekhokhelwayo zidinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela kodwa angahlanganiswa abe yizintambo zikagesi ezikhona kanye nezimiso ezikhombayo.

I - Vehicles Ne - micro - Transit

Imikhumbi-moya ezizifaka yona ngokwayo isikhona kakade ekuhlolweni endaweni ephansi elawulwayo. Inganikeza izitebhuzi, ngenkonzo ephansi ezindaweni eziphansi. Nokho, ngaphandle kwezimiso zokuzilawula, izimoto ezizimele zingandisa ukuminyana uma zisetshenziswa njengezimoto zomuntu siqu kunokuba zisetshenziswe njengezinkonzo zomphakathi. Amadolobheni adinga imithetho eqinisekisa ukuthi ama-AV asetshenziswa ekuthuthelweni kanye endaweni eyodwa.

Ukuhlaselwa Izixuku Njengenkonzo (I - MaaS)

Amapulatifomu ama-MaaS ahlanganisa izinketho zezokuthutha ezihlukahlukene zezethutho zezenkonzo eyodwa yesikhokhelo, evumela abasebenzisi ukuba bahlele, izincwadi, futhi bakhokhele uhambo nge-apps eyodwa. Lomfanekiso ungahlanganisa ngokungenamsoco uhambo lomphakathi, isabelo sokugibela ibhayisekili, isabelo sesithuthuthu. Imisebenzi yokuhamba ngendiza eHelsinki nase Sydney ithembisa, kodwa impumelelo ixhomeke ekuqondiseni izinhlangano zomphakathi ezizigcinayo zilawula iziteshi nezinga elilungile.

Ukushintsha Isimo Sezulu Nokungaguquguquki

Izimiso zokudlulisa kumelwe ziklanyelwe ukumelana nezenzakalo zezulu ezingathi sína", ukushisa, amaza, nokwenyuka kolwandle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindlela zokuhamba zangemva kwe-pandemic (nomsebenzi owengeziwe) zidinga izinxuluma ezisiza ukuthatha uhambo kanye nohambo lokuhamba. Ukululama okungenaphutha kusho ukwandisa inkonzo ezindaweni ezingokomlando ezingaphansi kwesivikelo, hhayi nje eziphakathi ezingxenyeni zedolobha.

Indlela Ongasekela Ngayo Izinto Zokuthutha Zomphakathi Ezingcono

Abantu ngabanye bangathonya isimiso sendawo sokuthutha ngezindlela eziningana eziqinile:

  • Ihlanganisa imihlangano yomphakathi yomkhandlu wedolobha lakho, ibhodi lezokuthutha, kanye nokuhlela ikhomishane. phawula ngezinguquko zenkonzo, izihlongozo zokuhlela uhlelo lwemali, nemisebenzi emisha.
  • Ufuna ukusekela izinyathelo zokuxhasa imali [ ezivela kumavoloti endawo. Intuthuko eminingi yokuthutha ixhomeke ezintelani zemali ezivunyelwe yivoti noma izibopho.
  • [[UMTL:0] Sebenzisa ukuzithuthisa [ futhi ukhuthaze abangane nomkhaya ukuba benze okufanayo. Ukuphathwa kwehhashi okuphezulu kuqinisa isimo sokutshala imali.
  • Ukungena noma ukwakha iqembu lokuthutha endaweni yakini. Amazwi aqoqayo anesisindo esikhulu kunalawo ahambayo.
  • Hlanganisa izikhulu zakho ezikhethiwe ngokuqondile mayelana nezinto eziza kuqala ekudluliseni. Ukuxhumana okubhaliwe, ikakhulukazi izindaba zomuntu siqu, kunethonya elinamandla.
  • I-medism yendawo ye-' ehlanganisa umbiko wezokuthutha. Imiphakathi efundekile ihlonyiselwe kangcono ukuba igcine abaholi benobuthakazelo.

Isiphetho

Ukuthutha komphakathi kungaphezu kakhulu kwento engcono kakhulu, kuyinkonzo yomphakathi ebucayi ethinta impilo ezungezile, amandla ezomnotho, ukulingana kwezenhlalo, kanye nezinga lokuphila okuphelele. Izinqumo zezimiso ezenziwa endaweni yakhona .Imali yabelwa kanjani, lapho intuthuko ivunyelwe khona, ukuthi imiphakathi inquma ngokuqondile ukuthi izinhlelo zokuthutha ziyophumelela noma zibhuntsha. Ngokuqonda ukuhlanganiswa kwenqubo nezindlela zokuhamba, izakhamuzi zingaba abasekeli abaphumelelayo bezokuthutha abahlala kuyo abafanelwe. Uhambo oluya ekuthuthweni okungcono luqala kanjani ngokuthatha ulwazi oluqhubekayo, ukuthatha isinyathelo sezentengiselwano yezakhamuzi.