Ukushintsha Kwezimo Zokusongela Ukuphepha

Sekungamashumi eminyaka, amasu esizwe okuvikela nokwenqabela ubudlova asungulwe ngenxa yokucabanga ukuthi ukuhlaseleka kobudlova ngokuyinhloko kuvela emfundisweni, kwezombangazwe, noma ezinkolweni. Nakuba labo bashayeli besalokhu bebalulekile, ukuhlukahluka okukhulu kakhulu kuye kwangena: imiphumela ekhulayo yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuntuleka kwemicebo ebalulekile. Ukuhlangana kokucindezeleka nokulondeka kwabantu akuseyona into ekude, ukukhathazeka okucatshangelwayo okubangelwa ukuhlasela kwengqondo okubangelwa yimibono, izombangazwe, noma izisusa ezimweni zamanje ezisebenzayo zezezezezezezentengiselwano, izinhlangano zezobuhlakani, nabenzi bezimiso zezimiso ezingokomthetho ngokufanayo. Ukuphumelela, ukubheka phambili kwenqubo yokumelana nokuhlasela kwezentengo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukuphazamisa isimo sezulu akusenakusebenza kanjani njengosongo, ukwenza izimo lapho ukuvusezinziswa kwemijula nezimpande nezenzo zobudlova.

Indlela Isimo Sezulu Esishintsha Ngayo Ngokuqondile Okuthinta Ngayo Ukulondeka

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu akubenzi ubuphekula bungagwegwesi ngokuqondile, kodwa kuhlanganisa nobunzima bezenhlalo, bezomnotho, nezombangazwe obukhona manje ukuze kwakhiwe isisekelo esivundile sokulwa. Lezi zinqubo zibhalwe kahle futhi zinwebe izindawo eziningi.

Izenzakalo Zesimo Sezulu Esibi Kakhulu Nokucindezeleka KukaHulumeni

Isomiso esivamile nesinamandla, izikhukhula, iziphepho, kubangela izindleko ezinkulu zezomnotho futhi kuvivinya amandla ohulumeni okusabela. Uma uhulumeni ungakwazi ukunikeza izinkonzo eziyisisekelo, ukuvikela izakhamuzi zawo, noma ukwakha kabusha ngemva kwenhlekelele, ukuwohloka kwawo. Amaqembu amaphekula ngokuvamile ayashesha ukugcwalisa indawo yokubusa, ukunikeza ezinye izinhlobo zobulungisa, usizo, noma isivikelo. Ngokwesibonelo, esifundeni saseSahel saseAfrika, isomiso esinzima siye sabhubhisa abelusi nabezolimo, siqhubele imiphakathi ekuncintisaneni kwamadlelo namanzi. [[20] [5] [5] Umbiko we-IP]

Ukufuduka Nokufuduka

Ukushaqeka kwendawo ezungezile kuphoqelela izigidi zabantu ukuba zishiye amakhaya azo unyaka ngamunye. Ukufuduka ngaphakathi nasemkhawulweni wesigodi kubangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu emiphakathini ehlala abantu, izakhiwo zezakhiwo, nezinkonzo zomphakathi. Emakamu ezindawo ezihlala abantu abahlala kude noma emadolobheni agcwele izikhalo, izikhalo zingakhula. Ukulinganiselwa kokuthola umsebenzi, imfundo, nobulungisa kudala iqoqo lamaqembu angenangqondo. Ukuhlaziywa [i-FLT: 0] [isikhungo seze-STRT] kwathola ukuthi emazweni amaningana ase-Afrika, ukufuduka okungalawuleki kuhlobene kahle nokusakazeka kwamangqamuzana amaphekula. Lapho abantu abafudukiswe kwamanye amazwe. Lapho abantu behlelwa imingcele noma bephathwa ngendlela ehlayo, ubuhlanga nobunzima obungokwezingasese, ukunyuka kwezindawo ezise-sccekene.

Ukungahleleki Kwezomnotho Nokuncintisana Ngengcebo

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kululaza ngokuqondile izingxenye ezincike kwezinye ezincike kakhulu ekulimeni, ekuvuneni, nasekuvuneni kwamahlathi. Njengoba ukuvuna kuhluleka, amanani ezinto zokudla, nokuwohloka kwemali etholakala emaphandleni. Ukuwohloka kwezomnotho kwandisa ukunxusa kwamaqembu ahlomile anganikeza iholo eliqinile, isimo somphakathi, noma umuzwa wenjongo. EChibini iChad Basin, ukuncipha kweChibi iChad ngomayela ngaphezu kwamashumi amashumi amahlanu% kusukela i-1960 iye yabhubhisa ukudoba nezomnotho zokulima, isusa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-30 futhi yenza itshe elithi i-Bokoham neZwe lamaSulumane West Africa (ISWAP) i-AP. [[FLT:] Imibiko ye-UN [FLT] imibiko yesimo esiyinhloko sezwe lase-Chad]

Ukuchuma Njengendawo Ephambili Yokuqothula Ingcebo

Nakuba ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kusebenza njengento ecindezelayo, ukuswelakala kwemithombo yempahla kuyisikhalo esisheshayo sokuthi abantu abashisekeli basebenzisa amanzi, indawo enziwa i-octive, amandla, namaminerali kuyisisekelo sokusinda kwabantu nokuhlonipheka. Uma lemithombo intuleka, ukuncintisana kuyakhula kuzo zonke izinga: phakathi kwemikhaya, imiphakathi, izifundazwe, ngisho naphesheya kwemingcele yomhlaba wonke.

Izingxabano Zamanzi

Amanzi mhlawumbe ayizimpi ezinamandla kakhulu ezindaweni ezomile nezinemvula encane. Ukuncibilika kwemvula nokuncibilika kweqhwa kuphazamisa umfula, kusongela ukunisela nokuphuza. Izigodi zeNayile . NjengeNayile, i-Euphrate, i-Indus, neJordan. Ziyizindawo zokudazuluka lapho umfula ne-Jordan ephezulu kwezwe kuphikisana khona ngezilinganiso. Amaqembu amaphekula amabutho angasebenzisa kabi la mazwe alawula uhulumeni njengemibhoshoshoshoshoshoshozo noma imfutho efaka imfuleni encipheni abantu abathile. EYemen, iminyaka yokunga kahle nesomiso ehlobene nesomiso esihlobene nesomiso esidala inhlekelele kakade, lapho umzabala osetshenziswa ukusekela uhulumeni abaziwayo. Ukuncintisana kwamanzi kungabangela ukuba kusetshenziswe imithombo ezindaweni ezihlanganisa imithombo ezindaweni ezihlala kuyo.

Izwe Elingahlanzekile Nokungalondeki Kokudla

Ukulahleka kwamafutha aphezulu, ugwadule, nokugawulwa kwamahlathi kunciphisa umkhiqizo wezolimo. Ezifundeni zezimpi ezinjengeSomalia neSudan, ukuncintisana kokuncishiswa kweziqephu zezwe elihlanekezelwe kuye kwabangela izingxabano ezibulalayo phakathi kwabelusi nabalimi. Amaqembu alwayo anjenge-Al-Shabab aye azihlanganisa njengabahlaseli kulezi ngxabano, ukwakha izivumelwano zendawo ezibenza bazizwe balondeke futhi basebenze. Ukungalondeki nokulamba kubangela ukuphelelwa ithemba okukhulu, futhi izisulu zingazimisele kakhulu ukusekela amaqembu athembisa ukubuyisela ukuphila kwawo /noma ukujezisa labo abasolayo ngenxa yokuhlupheka kwabo. I-World Food Programmed Programme ixwayisa ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi isimo sezulu sibangela ukuba izigidi ukuba zihlasele kakhulu indlala, zivale ngokuntenga ngokuqondile, ngokuntenga okugcwele ukuntenga.

Ukuhamba Kwamandla Nokushintsha Uhlangothi Lwezomnotho

Ukuthola amandla abizayo kungenye i-actronetic. Ukuncika kumandla avubukula kushiya amazwe amaningi esengozini yokushaqeka nokuntengantenga. Ezifundeni lapho uhulumeni uhluleka ukuletha ugesi onokwethenjelwa, abantu bendawo bangaphendukela ezimaketheni ezingahleliwe, inkohlakalo, noma ngisho nabashushumbisi abahlangene nezimiso zokulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuncintisana ngowoyela nemithombo yegesi bekulokhu kungumshayeli wempi yombango, kusukela eNiger Delta kuya ezindaweni eziphikisanayo zase-Iraq. Lokhu kulwa okuyakhula lapho isimo sezulu sishintsha umonakalo obangelwa ukudingwa yimfucucu, imithombo yamanzi nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuphekula nokucekela phansi amapulasi.

Izinhlangano Eziqanjiwe Zokulwisana Nobuphekula Esimweni Esishintshayo

Imisebenzi yobuphekula engokwesiko elwisana ne-(kinetics) ithatha izindlela zokusebenza, ukwabelana, ukugada, ukuphepha emngceleni − kudingekile kodwa akwanele uma kubhekene nokuntengantenga kwesimo sezulu. Icebo elibanzi kumelwe lixazulule izimbangela eziyinhloko zokungavikeleki: ukuwohloka kwendawo ezungezile, ukulawulwa okubuthakathaka, ukubekwa imingcele engokomnotho, nokuhlukana kwezenhlalo.

Ukwakha Isimo Sezulu Esibuyela Emphakathini Ongalawuleki

Ukuhlola ukushintshwa kwesimo sezulu kunciphisa ngokuqondile izimo ezixhaphazwa abashisekeli bempi. Imisebenzi ebuyisela indawo ewohlokile, ithuthukisa ukuphumelela kwamanzi, ingenisa izitshalo ezivimbela isomiso, futhi inikeza ezinye izindlela zokuziphilisa ingaqinisa ukuqina komphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, iGreat Green Wall eMpungeni weSahel ehloselwe ukubuyisela amahekthari ayizigidi eziyikhulu ezwe, ithuthukisa ukulondeka kokudla, futhi ithuthukise imisebenzi. Nakuba uhlelo lwendawo ezungezile, izinzuzo zayo zibalulekile: ngokunikeza abantu isigxobozo sesikhathi esizayo nokunciphisa izimpi ezisekelwe ekunikezeni ingcebo, inciphisa ukunxusa kwamaqembu angenangqondo. Izinhlangano ze-trapixism kufanele zinciphise ukunxusana nezinhlangano ezisebenza ngokuthuthukisa imisebenzi enjalo ephawulwe ezindaweni ze-kris.

Ukuqinisa Ukubusa Nokubusa KoMthetho

Ukuzivumelanisa nesimo sezulu sodwa akwanele. Ohulumeni kumelwe babonise ukuthi bangaphatha imithombo yemali ngokulunga futhi ngokuphumelelayo. Ukonakala nokukhetha ekunikezeni usizo noma ukuveza amalungelo ezwe kuvame ukubhebhethekisa izikhalo. Ngokusobala, ukubusa okunesibopho kuyikhambi elinamandla kakhulu kwezokulandisa okuthathelwanayo. Abanikazi kanye nabantu abasebenza ndawonye emhlabeni wonke kufanele babophe usizo olumelene nobuphekula ukuze balawule izinguquko, kuhlanganise nezinyathelo zokulwa nokonakala, ukuphatha umphakathi, kanye nezinqubo zokukhipha izinqumo ezinikeza amaqembu aphansi izwi. Uma abantu benomuzwa wokuthi ukumelelwa futhi bekholelwa ukuthi umbuso ungahlangabezana nezidingo zabo, cishe abakwazi ukusekela ezinye izindlela zobudlova.

Izimiso Zokuqala Zokuxwayisa Nezici Ezibikezelayo

Amathuluzi okwaziswa asiza ekubikezeni lapho izingcindezi zesimo sezulu nezisongelo zokulondeka zihlangana khona. Ukuhlola i-satellite amazinga amanzi, impilo, kanye nokushendeka kwabantu, okuhlangene nemininingwane yezenhlalo nezomnotho .-ayakwazi ukuveza amachashaza ashisayo ngaphambi kokuba aqale ubudlova. IZizwe ezihlangene kanye nohulumeni abambalwa kakade sebesebenzisa izimiso zokuxwayisa zakudala ezihlanganisa izikhombi zendawo ezungezile. Ukuhlela lemizamo nokuyihlanganisa nezimiso zokusebenza okusheshayo, − zombili ezingokobuntu kanye nokulondeka (ukuvikela) nokuvimbela izingozi ekuvulekeni. Izimiso zesimo sezulu i-CYSSIS [isytety ses] is ses ses ses nexus futhi itusa ukuhlolwa kwendawo ezungezile ekuhlelelweni kwesizwe.

Izindawo Zokubambisana Zamazwe Ngamazwe Nezindawo Eziningi Zokwakha

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu nokuswelakala kwemithombo yemali. Ukuhlangana kwemifula, i-aquifer, nezindawo ezizungezile kudinga ukulawulwa ndawonye. Ngakho imizamo yokulwa nomthetho wobuphekula kumelwe idlule ngalé kwezindawo ezihlangene ukuze ihlanganise ukubambisana kwezifunda nembulunga yonke. Izindlela ezikhona, njenge-Lake Chad Basin Commission noma i-Interline of the International of the Great Lakes Regivement, zingasebenza njengezindawo zokwenza ukushintshwa kwesimo sezulu sibe sesigungu. I-UN Security Council ibambe izimpikiswano eziningana ngokulondeka kwesimo sezulu, kodwa izibopho ezikhothayo zihlala zibuthakathaka. Izingxoxo nemithombo evimbelayo ekuthuleni ukuthula izakhiwo zezulu kubalulekile.

Ubuchwepheshe Nokushintsha Kwamandla Njengabacishi Bezimpi

Ubuchwepheshe bunikeza amathuluzi anamandla okuhlola, ukubikezela, nokunciphisa izingozi zesimo sezulu. Iziphuphutheki ezikude ezizwayo zizwa izimpawu ezisheshayo zesomiso noma ukuhluleka kwesivuno; ukuhlakanipha kokwenziwa kungaveza ithonya elingenzeka lokuswelakala kwempahla ezinhlanganweni zomphakathi; amamicrogrid avuselelwayo anganikeza amandla anokwethenjelwa ezikhungweni zokuzivikela kanye nasemiphakathini ngokufanayo, ukunciphisa ukuncishiselwa kwemigqa kaphelo kaphethiloli evame ukuhlaselwa yizimpi.

Ukuthwetshulwa Kwezithombe Ne - Geospatial

Imishini ingasebenzisa ukwaziswa okuphezulu okulungisa uphengululo ukuze kulandelelwe ukugwaduleka, ukushintsha kwamanzi, kanye nendawo engekho emthethweni ethatha isikhathi esiseduze. Lobu buhlakani busiza ekubikeni ukuthi kukuphi ukungqubuzana kwempahla okungase kwenzeke, kuvumele amabutho okuphepha nezinhlangano zobuntu ukuba zingenele kusenesikhathi. ESomalia, ukuhlola izinqolobane zamanzi ngesiphuphutheki kuye kwasetshenziselwa ukubikezela ukungqubuzana phakathi kwabezenkolo nemiphakathi yabalimi, okwenza ukuvumisana kwemizwa phambi kokwanda kobudlova.

Amandla Avuselelekayo Okuvikela

Izisekelo zempi namaphoyisa ezindaweni ezikude, ezibuqamama ngokuvamile zixhomeke kumshini wokuphehla ugesi, odinga ukuthunyelwa okubizayo nokuyingozi. Iziphakamiso zelanga kanye nokugcinwa kwebhetri kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, kunciphise izindleko eziphezulu zokusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufaka imisebenzi yamandla asesilinganisweni esivuselelwe ezindaweni ezisezisekelweni kungathuthukisa ubuhlobo bendawo ngokunikeza ugesi ohlanzekile emadolobhaneni aseduze, kunciphe ukulandisa okungalawuleki kokuhlupheka kukahulumeni.

Izindlela Zokufunda Izindaba Eziyingozi

Imithetho-mithetho yokufunda imishini edla izikhombo zesimo sezulu, izimpawu zezomnotho, kanye nemininingwane engokomlando ephikisanayo ingadala amabalazwe ayingozi nge-pastrip ephezulu nangenqumiso yesikhashana. Lamabalazwe angaqondisa ukwabiwa kosizo lwentuthuko, abagada, nemithombo yezokuxwayisa yakuqala. Nokho, amathuluzi anjalo kumelwe asetshenziswe ngokuqapha: ulwazi olungelutho noma izingxenyana ezicwathile ezingase ziqinise ukuthatha noma ukusabela kokulwa kwempi ezinkingeni eziyinhloko.

Ukuhlola Izifo Ngokungezwani Nesimo Sezulu Nobuphekula

ISaheli: Izwe Eliyindilinga Elingathandeki Nobudlova

Ngaphesheya kweBurkina Faso, iMali, neNiger, ukwanda kogwadule lwaseSahara kuye kwabangela ukuncintisana okukhulu. Amaqembu alwayo ahlangene no-al-Qaeda namaSulumane aye asebenzisa le ngxabano, ukuthatha izifunda zombili imiphakathi ngokunikela izikhali, imali, kanye nokuvikela. Inani labantu abafa ezilwayo ezihlobene neSahel eSahel liye ladlond, okunabalelwa kakhulu, okunenani elingu-10 000 labasekeli bezwelonke. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu akuyona imbangela yokwehla, ukubekwa imingcele kwezwe elibuthakathaka, ukuba khona kwezikhali, nokushushumbisa izikhali kudlala indima enkulu yeze, kodwa kuyimisebenzi enamandla. Izwe lingena ngokomthetho. Izwe liyakwazi ukubulala i-Frentshi ye-Barkhane (ukukhishwa) nokugcinwa kokuthula kwe-UNUSMM, kulwisana, kulwisaya enxanxanxa enkulu ngenxa yezinga yezinga elinamandla lokulawula inzuzo yezindawo zokusebenza. Izwe elingu-e. Izwe lisebenza kahle: Izwe liyakwazi ukumelana ne

IChibi LaseChad Basin: Inhlekelele Enganakwa Kakhulu Emhlabeni

Ukuncipha kweChibi iChad kuye kwashiya izigidi zabantu futhi kwabhubhisa ukuphila okungokwesiko. IBoko Haram ne-ISWAP zachuma kulesiyaluyalu, zisebenzisa izindawo eziqinile, ezinendawo ephephile ezungeze ichibi njengezindawo zokukhosela. I-Multnational Task Force (MNTTF) ye-Multrality Task (MNJTF) yezenkampane ye-Provice ne-Provice, iNiger, iChad, ne-Cameroon/iwase-yaqhuba imisebenzi yezempi, kodwa ubudlova buyaqhubeka. Ikhambi le mpumelelo ethatha isikhathi eside idinga ukuvuselela imvelo yemvelo, ukutshala eminye imisebenzi yezomnotho enjengenkampanezelo nezinhlanzi ezihamba ilanga, futhi inikeza ukulondeka okuvumela abantu ukuba babuye ngokuphephile. Ngaphandle kokuhlangana okunjalo, impumelelo yezempi iyakuthatha isikhashana.

ISiriya: Isomiso Nendlela Yempi Yombango

Nakuba impi yangaphakathi yase-Siriya ingazange ibangelwe ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuphela, ubufakazi busikisela ukuthi isomiso esikhulu kusukela ngo-2006 kuya ku-2010 sabhubhisa imiphakathi yabalimi basemaphandleni, saphoqelela abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi ukuba bangene emadolobheni emaphethelweni amadolobha anjengeAleppo, iHama, neDamasko. Lokhu kushendezwa kwabantu abaningi kwacindezela kakhulu izindlu nezinkonzo, ukukhononda okukhulu ngokumelene nombuso we-Assad, futhi kwanezela empucucwini yempucu eyaqala ngo-2011. Izwe lamaSulumane kamuva labangela isiyaluyaluyaluyaluyaluyalu nezindawo zaseSunni. Isenzakalo saseSiriya sibonisa ngokucacile indlela ukucindezeleka kwendawo ezungezile okungathinta ngayo ngokuhlulwa kwezombangazwe nokuphatha imbubhisi ezomnotho ukuze kubangele inhlekelele.

Isiphetho: Isidingo Somthetho Ongenamsoco

Izenzwe zobuphekula enkathini yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuswelakala kwemali kudinga ukucatshangelwa okuyisisekelo kokucabanga. Ukulondeka akunakufinyelelwa kuphela ngezindlela zezempi; kumelwe kwakhiwe esisekelweni sokuzinzile kwendawo ezungezile, izindlela zokuziphilisa eziqinile, kanye nokubusa okunganqamukiyo. I-nexus phakathi kokucindezeleka kwesimo sezulu nobudlova obunamandla akunqandeki noma kulula. Izindawo eziningi ezibhekene nezinselele ezinkulu zendawo ezungezile aziphendukeli ebuphekulakeni. Nokho, lapho ukubusa kubuthakathaka, ukulingana kwezindawo ezilawulayo kuyabukhali, futhi imithombo incishisiwe, izingozi.

Abenzi bezenqubo kufanele basebenzise indlela “eyikhoshakele ehlolwayo ehlongozwayo" ehlanganisa izingozi zendawo ezungezile nokuhlelwa kwesizwe, ifakelwa ekuzivumelaniseni namachashaza anamandla, futhi ikhuthaza ukubambisana kwezindawo ekuqondiseni izinto ezishintshwayo. Izimiso zezimali zezizwe ngezizwe, njenge Green Climate Fund, kufanele iqale iprojekthi esendaweni yempi ehlotshiswe yimpi nentekentekenteke, nezindawo zokuvikela ezicacile. Ngokuphambene, izimali ezimelene nezokuvikela izikhali kufanele zinike imithombo ewusizo yesimo sezulu, ukusekela ukuphila, nokulawula izakhiwo eziqinisa izikhali nokuhlola nje.

Ukuhlobana phakathi kokuncibilika kweqhwa nokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu eSahel kungase kubonakale kukude, kodwa kuyingxenye yesimiso esifanayo. Ukwehluleka ukuxazulula izimpande zendawo ezungezile zokungalondeki kuyoqinisekisa ukuthi izikhalo ezintsha zivele ngokushesha kakhulu kunalezo ezindala zingaxazululwa. Ngokuhlanganisa umbono owengeziwe, ohlanganisa amanzi, ukudla, indawo, kanye nokuzinziswa kwesimo sezulu, imibuso ngeke nje kuphela inciphise abashayeli bobuphekula kodwa futhi yakhe iqine kakhulu, ichume kakhulu, futhi ihlanganisa nezinhlangano ezinokuthula isikhathi eside.