Ukushintshashintsha Kwezindaba Enkathini Yezinombolo

Ukushintshela ekunyatheliseni nasekusakazweni kwemishini ye-minustre kuye kwashintsha kakhulu indlela ekhiqizwa ngayo, esakazwa ngayo, futhi yasetshenziswa ngayo. Nakuba lolu shintsho lunikeza ukutholakala kokwaziswa okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili, luletha futhi izinselele ezinkulu zokuhlola ukuthembeka. Abagcini bamasango abavamile bezindaba − abagcini-zindaba, amaqiniso, futhi basungula izindinganiso zokucophelela kwezindaba, futhi kwezinye izimo baye bathasiselwa, ngemithetho-algorithm kanye nokusetshenziswa komsebenzisi. Kulendawo, isaziso esisodwa esingakholeki singahamba embulungeni yonke, senze ikhono lokuqonda ulwazi olunokwethenjelwa lokuhlanganyela emphakathini.

Umthamo omkhulu wezinto ezikhona kuyi-intanethi udinga abafundi ukuba basebenzise indlela esheshayo, ehlelekile. Ukuncika nje egameni lencwadi noma iposi elithandwayo akwanele. I-mistformation kanye nokulahla ukwaziswa ngokuvamile kulingisa ukubukeka nokuzizwa komthetho wobuthakathi, ukusebenzisa izilogo ezithembekile, i-byline, nokuhlela. Ukuqonda imininingwane eyisisekelo yendlela esakazeka ngayo, kuhlanganise nendima ye-algorithm yezenhlala-mphakathi nokukhushulelwa, kuyisinyathelo sokuqala ekwakheni i-sethi ye-scrediary.

Kusukela ekuhloleni imithombo yezindaba kuya ekuqapheleni ubandlululo olungokwengqondo namathuluzi asebenza ngemishini, lezi zindlela ziyokusiza ukuba usebenzise imithombo yezindaba yanamuhla ngokuqiniseka.

Izimiso Zomsuka Zokuhlola

Ngaphambi kokubhukuda ungene emaqhingeni aqondile, kuwusizo ukusungula izimiso eziyisisekelo ezisebenza kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemithombo yezindaba.

Indima Yegunya Lobungcweti Nezezinhlangano

Akuyona yonke imithombo ekhona elinganayo. Umbiko wezindaba othembekile uncike kakhulu kochwepheshe abachaza izindaba, emabhukwini angokomthetho, nasemibhalweni esemthethweni. Lapho uhlola umthombo, buza ukuthi intatheli noma incwadi inombhalo oboniswe kahle wokuyihlanganisa leyondaba. Ngokwesibonelo, umagazini wezokwelapha noma intatheli yesayensi eneziqinisekiso ezifanele inesisindo esikhulu kunesithakazelo esivamile esiphinda imvume yokukhipha izihloko zezindaba. Izindaba zenhlangano zikhona ngokufanayo: izinhlangano ezisungulile ezithengise izimali zobucuku bezokwengamela, imithombo yezindaba ehlola iqiniso, nokuhlola okungokomthetho. Lokho akusho ukuthi amazanyunyana noma amasha ezindaba angenayo angenathemba ngokuzenzakalelayo, kodwa kusho ukuthi zidinga ukuhlolwa kakhulu.

Ungahlola igunya ngokubheka i-line kanye ne-[FLT] umbiko wemisebenzi [. Amawebhusayithi amaningi ahlanganisa u-“Ngenathu” amakhasi aveza ubunikazi, imithombo yezimali, nezimiso zomhleli. Ukungaboni ukuthi ubani ogijima endaweni noma ukuthi uqukethe kukhiqizwe kanjani kuyifulegi elibomvu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, hlola izinqubo nendlela i-pacredissss asingatha ngayo amaphutha. Izehlulelo abonisa obala ukuthi uphendule.

Ukuqonda i-Presary v. Imithombo yesibili

Umthombo oyinhloko ubufakazi bokuqala bezinto noma ukulandisa okuqondile kwesenzakalo − njengesinqumo senkantolo, ukuhlolwa kwezesayensi, noma ingxoxo yofakazi bokuzibonela. Umthombo wesibili uchaza, uhlaziya, noma ufingqa imithombo eyinhloko. Zombili zinendawo yazo, kodwa izihloko zezindaba ezithembekile kufanele zibonise ngokucacile lapho zibika emthonjeni oyinhloko noma zincike ekubikeni kwenye indlela yokukhipha imvume. Ngokwesibonelo, uma isihloko sezindaba sicaphuna “umbiko ovela ku-Associated Press,” umfundi angafuna lowombiko wokuqala ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi lokhu kuyiqiniso. Ngokuhlukile, indawo okumane nje i-agredins ngaphandle kokuxhumanisa ukwaziswa komthombo wokuqala yenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuba uqinisekise ukunemba kwakho.

Ukuhlolwa Kwe - CRAAP: Umsebenzi Owusizo

Elinye lamathuluzi asetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhloleni ukwaziswa yi-CRAAP ukuhlolwa, okwasungulwa ekuqaleni yi-labrians eCalifornia State University, Chico. I-crinym imela [ I-, [[[FLT:]] [[FLT]]] [[FLT]] , [[FLT], [FLT]] [FLT]] [[FLT]], [[FLT]] ungayisiza ekuhloleni noma yisiphi isiphi izihloko zezindaba: , [[FLT]]

  • I-Currect: Ukwaziswa kwasakazwa nini noma kwashintshwa okokugcina? Ingabe kusasebenza ezidingweni zakho? Ezindabeni ezicacisiwe ngokushesha, isihloko esisukela emahoreni ambalwa adlule kungenzeka ukuthi sesiphelelwe isikhathi.
  • [[UMTL:0] I-relevisence:[ Ingabe ukwaziswa kuphendula umbuzo wakho ngokuqondile noma isihloko ophethe? Ingabe kunikeza izinga lokwaziswa okudingayo?
  • i-athority: Ngubani umlobi noma ummemezeli? Ziyini iziqinisekiso zabo? Kukhona ulwazi lokuxhumana? Ingabe igama lomphakathi (umz., .edu, .gov, .org) linikeza imikhondo mayelana nesimo somthombo?
  • Accurituration:[ Ingabe ukwaziswa kusekelwe ngobufakazi? Ungakuqinisekisa lokho okushiwoyo kweminye imithombo ethembekile? Ingabe kukhona imicabango noma izikhombo? Ingabe umbhalo awunawo amaphutha ayiqiniso?
  • [ Purpose: Iyini injongo yokwaziswa? Ingabe kungokokwazisa, ukuthonya, ukuthokozisa, noma ukuthengisa? Ingabe uhlamvu lunemibono esobala noma ehleliwe? Ukwazi injongo kukusiza ukuba uchaze i-flami.

Ukusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe - CRAAP akudingi iziqu ezithile emtatsheni wezincwadi; kuwuhlu olulula lwengqondo ongalusebenzisa emizuzwini embalwa, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuba ingxenye ezenzekelayo yenqubo yakho yokuhlola izindaba.

Izindlela Eziwusizo Zokuqinisekisa

Ngaphandle kokuhlola ukuthi umthombo unokwethenjelwa kangakanani ezintweni ezingaqondakali, udinga izindlela ezingokoqobo ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi izinto ezishiwoyo ziyiqiniso.

Ukufunda Kwamuva: Ukuvula Izikhala Ezintsha

Lapho bebhekene nengosi yezindaba engajwayelekile noma amazwi ashaqisayo, abafundi abaningi bavele bahlale ekhasini futhi bazame ukulibheka ngokwendlela eliklanywe ngayo noma ngaphakathi. Abahloli beqiniso nabacwaningi bezezindaba basekela indlela ehlukile: yokufunda ngomsuka [. Esikhundleni sokubhala phansi ikhasi lokuqala, bavule okungenani ama-tab amathathu amasha. Kulawo-tab, funa igama lencwadi, umlobi, noma umbono oqondile. Bheka ngokwaziswa okuvela kumbhalo owesithathu-partment-sty, izingthropoice, izingxeye zezindaba, izihloko ezihlolayo, futhi usungula ukudlulisa izindaba.

Ngokwesibonelo, uma ungena engosini ye webhusayithi ocela ukugunyazwa kwezombangazwe okukhulu, ungakwethembi izihloko zezindaba ze-'ingosi'. Sebenzisa i-erch's' ukuze uthole imibiko ezinhlanganweni zezindaba eziningi ezinedumela elihle. Uma kungekho namunye kuzo okhuluma ngokugunyazwa, lokho kuwuphawu olunamandla lokusho ukuthi amanga noma uyadukisa. Ukufunda kamuva kususa ukwethemba kwakho ekukhulumeni komthombo othembekile.

Buyisela emuva uSesho lwesithombe lokuqukethwe okubukekayo

Izithombe namavidiyo kuvame ukuhlanekezelwa noma ukuthathwa ngaphandle komongo. Isithombe sokubhikisha kusukela eminyakeni emihlanu edlule singaphinde sisetshenziswe ukuze kusikisele lokhu muva nje. Isithombe se-tweet singavuselelwa kalula. Ukuqinisekisa okuqukethwe yisithombe, sebenzisa amathuluzi okuhlola isithombe okubuyisela emuva njenge-Google, i-Tineye, noma i-Bing Visual Search. Dluqa bese ulahla isithombe, noma ucwebezela i-URL yaso, ukuze ubone ukuthi sivelephi. Lokhu kungaveza umongo wokuqala, usuku, nosuku, noma yini esetshenziswa.

Kumavidiyo, cabangela ukuhlola amafelemu esihluthulelo usebenzisa indlela efanayo. Futhi phawula imetadata: ama-selfoni amaningi abekelwe indawo nokwaziswa kosuku kumafayela ezithombe. Nakuba le mininingwane ingasuswa ngokuhlanganyelwa, ihlala iwulwazi olusizayo uma ikhona. Amathuluzi anjenge I-InVID-WeVLT [ (ukuhlanganisa i-metapy) yokwandiswa kwevidiyo yokwahlukanisa ngesakhelo kanye nomthombo wayo.

Ukusebenzisa Imininingwane Eyiqiniso

Izimiso eziqapheyo ziye zaba izihlobo ezisemqoka ekulweni nokwaziswa okunganembile. Amabhukwana anjenge Snopets, FactCcock. org[, futhi [[FLT] Platct [[FLT]P] Fict [ ukulondoloza izinhlelo ezisenezelwe zamazwi avamile, amakhasethi, nezindaba ezinamagciwane. Ngaphambi kokuba uhlanganyele i-fekthi ethinta imizwelo, yenza ukuhlola okusheshayo kwelinye lamapulatime. Uma uthi asehluliwe kakade, ungakugwema ukusakaza amanga.

Ungahlola futhi ukuthi umthombo unamathela ku- Wendawo yonke Fact-Checking Network (IFCN) yohlelo lwezimiso[] `iqoqo lezindinganiso zezokungaphathi-partistan, izinhlangano ezibonisayo. I-IFCN ihlela izimpawu eziqinisekisiwe, zenezela ungwengwengwezi lokulandisa. Lemithombo ayiphelele, kodwa inikeza ukuhlolwa okusheshayo, okungaguquguquki kobufakazi bezinto ezivamile.

Ukuhamba Ngezimpiko Nezigijimi

Ngisho nalapho ususiqinise isihloko sezindaba, ukuthambekela kwakho siqu kwengqondo kungaphazamisa ukwahlulela kwakho. Ukuqaphela lokhu bandlululo kubalulekile ekusebenziseni izindaba ngokulinganisela.

Ukuqinisekisa UBias: Isikhuthazo Sokuvuma

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthambekela kokufuna, ukuchaza, nokukhumbula ukwaziswa okuvumelana nezinkolelo zethu ezakheke phambili. Ezindabeni, lokhu kuvame ukusho ukuchofoza emaphephandabeni aqinisekisa umbono wethu wezwe kuyilapho unganaki ubufakazi obuphikisanayo. Ukuzichaya, uzichaye ngamabomu emithonjeni yezindaba ethembekile enikeza imibono ehlukene. Lokhu akusho ukunikeza isisindo esilinganayo engeni eliyiphutha, kodwa kunalokho ukuqonda ukuthi iziphi iziphakamiso ezithembekile ezivumelana nemibono yakho. Uma uhlangana nombiko ozizwa uvumelana kahle nemibono yakho, yima ubuze: “Ingabe ngingakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuvela emthonjeni engingavumelani nako?”

Izingxenye Zezihloko Zemithetho Yokwenezela Nezihluzo

Iziteshi zezokuxhumana nezindaba zisebenzisa i-algorithm ukuze zikwazi ukuveza okuphakathi. Nakuba lokhu kungasiza, futhi kwakha amagumbi okunanela lapho ubona khona kakhulu imibono ehambelana nawe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungandisa imibono eyeqisayo futhi kunciphise ukuchayeka ekwazisweni okuyiqiniso kodwa okubekela inselele. Ukuze uphume ephepheni lokuhluza, landela iqoqo elihlukene lezintatheli nezikhangiso, uthathe amaphephandaba anohluzo oluhlukile olunemibono ekuvumela ukuba ukhethe imithombo yakho ngezandla. Futhi ungafuna izindaba ngaphandle kokungena ezinhlanganweni zomphakathi, uvimbele ukuthunga.

Ukuqaphela Ukusikisela Okungokomzwelo

I-Misproption ivame ukuncika ekuvuseleleni imizwelo enamandla − ukuthukuthela, ukwesaba, ukucasuka, noma ukuthukuthela. Izihloko ezisebenzisa zonke izikepisi, izimpawu ezidlulele, noma ulimi olune-isceral ziklanyelwe ukuvimbela ukucabanga okugxekayo. Uma uzwa ukuvuvukala komzwelo lapho ufunda izindaba, thatha lokho njengophawu lokuyeka nokuqinisekisa ngaphambi kokuba uhlanganyele. I-gastimate ihlose ukuzwa, hhayi ukuvusa ukusabela okuzenzekelayo. Uma indaba ibonakala iphelele kakhulu ukuba ingeyiyo, noma ishaqikelele kakhulu, cishe idinga ukuqashelwa ngokwengeziwe.

Ukukhipha Izindaba Ezivela Ezinhlamvwini Zezindaba Zomphakathi

Imithombo yezindaba yezokuzijabulisa iye yaba umthombo oyinhloko wabantu abaningi, kodwa le mithombo ayiklanyelwe ukunemba, kodwa iklanyelwe ukuthembisana ngezindaba.

Ukuhlola Umlando We - Akhawunti Nokuqinisekisa Isimo

Uma ubona iposi lezindaba elivela kwenye i-akhawunti, lihlole ngaphambi kokwamukela ukwaziswa. Imasha kangakanani le akhawunti? Ingabe inomlando ongaguquguquki wokuthumela izindaba, noma isanda kudalwa? Bheka amabheji okuqinisekisa, kodwa yazi ukuthi lamabheji awanakho ukukhomba okungakholeki. Ama-specter angatholakala ngabangenisi noma abathengi basesiteji. Ngisho nama-akhawunti aqinisekisi angahlanganyela ulwazi olungamanga ngengozi. Bheka ukulandisa kwendlela exhunyaniswa nengosi noma namanye amapulatifomu. Intatheli noma inhlangano yezindaba ngokuvamile iyokwenza kube khona imiphetho ekwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingo yabo.

Ukuhlukanisa Izindaba Emcabangweni Nokwenelisa

Imithombo yezindaba eminingi ihlanganisa izindaba eziqondile ezibikwa ngezinhlu zemibono, ukukhulumela, nokunye. Izindawo ezanelisayo njenge-Onion zichaza ngokucacile okuqukethwe yikho, kodwa ezinye izithakazelo azicaci kahle. Izingxenye zemibono ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izabizwana zokuqala nolimi lokuqagela, kuyilapho imibiko yezindaba ilwela ukungathathi hlangothi. Uma indaba ibonakala ingenangqondo, hlola ukuthi iquketheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bheka umongo: ingcaphuno evela kuchwepheshe ingase iboniswe njengenkulumo yeqiniso uma imane iwumbono womuntu oyedwa.

Amathuluzi Nemithombo Engeziwe

Amathuluzi nezinhlangano eziningana ze - computer zingaqinisekisa inqubo yokwakha futhi zijulise ukufunda kwakho izinto zezindaba.

Amabalazwe Nezindaba

Amaza anjenge [[FLT:]NewsGuard abonisa ukulinganisa kokwethembeka eduze kwezindawo ezixhumene nesiyaluzi sezindaba. IMedia Bias/Fact Chack[ inikeza ukufinyelela okusheshayo kwemilinganiso yesobunxele-ekugcineka okulungile. [[FLT:] B.S. umshini [[[FLT:]] amafulegi aziwayo ngemithombo engathembekile. [[FLT] Ama-agregitor, ] Ayamukela amaphephandaba [[FLT]] [[FLT]]] abonisa indlela indaba embozwe ngayo ngaphandle kwezombangazwe, ukugqamisa izikhala. Lamathuluzi angenza njengesethulo elibili, kodwa awawasebenzisi izigwebo ezincukuhlu.

I-News Literacclip Project inikeza imithombo yamahhala nepheshana elifundisa indlela yokuhlola izindaba. I-techology plat inikeza abafundi abaneminyaka yonke izifundo ezihambisanayo. Ngokufanayo, i-Curbia Journalism Review[ ne-[FLT:]NUMism Lab[[FLT:][FLT]][FLT]]]UMTY][FLT]][FLT]][FLT]]UMTY]IN]

Izinhlangano Zokufunda Nokubhala Ezidayisayo

Izinzuzo ezifana ne ye-Media Literacccription, mediawipy, kanye [[FLT] ne Stanford History Education Group [ isakaza ukucwaninga nezifundo zesikole ezicubungulayo. Izinto zabo zivame ukuhlanganisa ukuhlola kokhomba okubonisa indlela yokusebenzisa izimiso ezixoxiweyo lapha. Ngokulandela umsebenzi wabo kungakugcina uvuselele izakhiwo ezintsha ze-imfifuki ne-AIP, ezidinga izindlela ezintsha zokuthuthukisa.

Isiphetho: Ukwakha Indaba Eqinile

Ukusebenzisa imibiko yezindaba enkathini yobuchwepheshe akulona ikhono elithatha isikhathi esisodwa; kuwumkhuba oqhubekayo. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bushintsha, namacebo alabo abasakaza amanga. Ngokusebenzisa njalo amasu adwetshwe ngenhla. Ngokuhlola imithombo yegunya, ngokusebenzisa ukufunda okulandelayo, ukuqinisekisa okuqukethwe yiso, ukuqaphela ubandlululo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi athenjwayo, ungathuthukisa kakhulu ikhono lakho lokuhlukanisa ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa nokungamanga noma okudukisayo.

Ukuhlakulela lemikhuba kudinga isikhathi nesiyalo. Qala inqubo encane: khetha umshini owodwa noma emibili futhi uyihlanganise nenqubo yakho yezindaba zansuku zonke. Ngokwesibonelo, ngaphambi kokuxoxa nganoma iyiphi indaba namuhla, hlola isithombe esinomthofu ngokushesha futhi ufunde incazelo elandelanayo yalencwadi. Eminyakeni eminingi, lezi zinyathelo ziyoba yisici esihlukile. Umgomo awukona ukugxeka, kodwa ukuba nengxenye eqondayo, enikezwa amandla engxoxweni yasobala.

Ukuzimisela kwakho ukuhlaziya ukuthembeka kwezindaba kukwenza uvikeleke ekukhohliseni − kusiza ekunciphiseni ukusakazeka kwamanga, kusekela ukusakazwa kwemithombo yezindaba ephambili, futhi kunengxenye ekuthuthukiseni ulwazi olunokwethenjelwa kakhulu kubo bonke abantu.