Ukuqonda Uvivinyo Lokufuna Ukuba Izakhamuzi

Lezi zimfuneko zokubuyisela imvelo ziyisisekelo sezinqubo zemvelo emhlabeni wonke. Lokhu kuhlola kuqinisekisa ukuthi umfaki wesicelo uye wasungula ukuhlobana okuqotho nezwe ngokuba khona okuqhubekayo ngokomthetho. Iziphathimandla ezilawula ukuthutha zisebenzisa le mithetho ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthi abantu ababonise ukuzinikela ezweni labo abalitholile banikezwa ilungelo lokuhlala.

Izikhathi Ezivamile Zezwe

Inkathi edingekayo yokuhlala ihluka kakhulu emazweni. I-United States idinga iminyaka emihlanu yokuhlala okuhlala njalo (iminyaka emithathu uma ishade nesakhamuzi sase-U.S.). ICanada igunyaza ukuba khona ngokomzimba okungenani izinsuku ezingu-0,95 eminyakeni emihlanu ngaphambi kokuba kusetshenziswe inqubo. I-Australia idinga iminyaka emine yokuhlala ngokomthetho okungenani izinyanga eziyi-12 njengesakhamuzi saphakade. I-United Kingdom ilindele iminyaka emihlanu yokuhlala kanye nesinye isikhathi sonyaka njengesakhamuzi esihlala njalo ngaphansi kwezimo eziningi.

Izifundazwe ze-European Union zibonisa ukuhlukahluka okufanayo. iJalimane idinga iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili yokuhlala, encishiswa yabayisikhombisa nezifundo zokuhlanganisa. IFrance idinga iminyaka emihlanu yokuhlala njalo, futhi incishiswa iminyaka emibili ezimweni ezithile ezingavamile. iSpain idinga iminyaka eyishumi yokuhlala okungokomthetho okuqhubekayo, nakuba lenkathi inciphisa iminyaka emibili kubafaki bezicelo abavela emakoloni aseSpain angaphambili.

Ukuba khona okuqhubekayo kuphikisana. Ukuba khona okungokomzimba

Umthetho woku-opera uhlukanisa phakathi kokuba khona okuqhubekayo nezimfuneko ezingokomzimba. Ukuba khona okuqhubekayo kusho ukuthi umfaki wesicelo uye walondoloza indawo yawo eyinhloko yokuhlala ezweni ngaphandle kokungabikho isikhathi eside. Izizwe eziningi zibheka ukungabikho okukodwa kwezinyanga eziyisithupha noma ukuncipha kokungabikho unyaka owodwa njengesithuba sokuhlala ngokuqhubekayo. Amanye amazwe avumela ukuba kungahanjwa inkonzo yezempi, umsebenzi kahulumeni kwelinye izwe, noma izimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha.

Izimfuneko zokuba khona komzimba zisho inani elincane lezinsuku okumelwe umfaki wesicelo abe ngaphakathi ezweni ngenkathi efanelekile. Indlela yokubala yeCanada iqinile kakhulu, idinga ukuba abafaki bezicelo babale izinsuku zabo ezingokoqobo ngokunembe. I-United States Citizentivationship ne Services yokuHlaziya isebenza indinganiso ethambile kakhulu kodwa isahlola ukunyamalala okunwebekile.

Iziphazamiso Ezivamile Nezincishiso

Amazwe amaningi anikeza izinkathi ezinciphileyo zokuhlala ezinhlotsheni ezithile zabafaki bezicelo. Lezi zingxenye zisebenza ku:

  • Izisebenzi zezakhamuzi: ngokuvamile zifanelekela izikhathi ezinciphileyo zokulinda. I-United States inikeza izakhamuzi ezishadile zase-U.S. i-United Kingdom inciphisa imfuneko yokuhlala yaba yiminyaka emithathu kubangane bomshado bezakhamuzi zaseBrithani.
  • Ababaleki nabantu abavikelwe: Amazwe amaningana abala isikhathi asichitha njengomuntu ovikelekile emfunweni yokuhlala. ICanada iqaphela ingxenye yesikhathi esichithwa njengomuntu ovikelekile ngaphambi kokuba athole indawo yokuhlala yaphakade.
  • Inkonzo yezempi: Amanye amazwe anikeza inzuzo engokwemvelo kubantu abakhonza empini yabo ehlomile. I-United States inelungiselelo elikhethekile kubantu abangebona abakhonza ngokuhloniphekile phakathi nezikhathi zempi.
  • Abatshali bezimali nabathengisi: Izinhlelo zezizwe ezinezibambi - mali zemvume ngokuvamile zinikeza abantu abaningi abanikelayo ngokwezimali izindlela zezakhamuzi ezisheshayo.

Ukubhala Ukuthi Uhlalaphi

Imishini kumele inikeze imibhalo ebanzi ukuze ibonise ukuthi ihlangabezane nezimfuneko zokuhlala. Ubufakazi obuphathekayo buhlanganisa amarekhodi emisebenzi, intela, izivumelwano zokuqasha, intela yezekhokhi, amarekhodi ezokwelapha, izitatimende zebhange, nezingobo zomlando wokuhamba. Iziphathimandla zokuthutha zinqamule-amanani a-ekhonda lamaphepha ukuze ziqinisekise ukuvumelana. Ukugcina amarekhodi ahleliwe phakathi nenkathi yakho yokuhlala kulungisa ngokuphawulekayo inqubo yokusebenza.

Amathuluzi emishini nezinhlelo zokuhlola uhambo zingasiza abafaki-zicelo ukuba bagcine amarekhodi anembile okungena kwabo nezinsuku zokuphuma. Abahlohli kufanele bagcine amakhophi azo zonke izitembu zepasi lokungena, izitembu ezihlalisanayo, futhi bahambe ngemishini yokuhamba. Amanye amazwe manje asebenzisa izimiso zokungena ezizimo-onjini ezizihambelayo ezinikeza izicelo zokuhamba ngemvume.

Izimfuneko Zokukhuluma Ngolimi Ukuze Uzisebenzise Ngendlela Engokwemvelo

Ukuhlola izilimi kuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamuzi ezintsha zingakhuluma ngokuphumelelayo ngolimi olusemthethweni noma ngezilimi zezwe lazo elilitholile. Lokhu kuhlola kuhlola amakhono olimi adingekayo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, emsebenzini, nokuhlanganyela komphakathi.

Ukuhlola Izindinganiso Zolimi Ngokusola

Amazwe akhuluma isiNgisi ngokuvamile adinga abafaki-zicelo ukuba babonise ikhono elilingana nelezinga eliphakathi le-Common Framestory of Reference of Languages. ICanada isebenzisa i-Canadian Language Benchmarks, idinga i-Dreece 4 (basilic) ekukhulumeni nasekulaleleni ukuba isakhamuzi. I-Australia ihlela izindinganiso ezihambelanayo ne-International English English Stuteting Sy System, okudinga ukuthi i-all ye-5,0 noma ngaphezulu.

Amazwe angakhulumi siNgisi alondoloza izindinganiso zawo. IJalimane idinga i-B1 eqeqeshiwe esilinganisweni se-CEFR kubantu abaningi abafaka isicelo. i-Netherlands inikeza isilinganiso A2 ikhono lokuthola imvelo ejwayelekile. i-France ilindele izinga le-B1 ngesiFulentshi esikhulunywayo, esihlolwa ngokuxoxa nodokotela kunokuba ihlolwe ngokusemthethweni.

I-Ireland ivelele njengezwe elikhuluma isiNgisi elingenakho ukuhlola okungokomthetho kwesizwe, nakuba abafaka isicelo kumelwe babonise ikhono elinengqondo phakathi nengxoxo yemvelo. Lokhu kuhlola ngekhanda kucabangela ikhono lomfaki wesicelo lokuhlanganyela engxoxweni ngesiNgisi ngaphandle komtoliki.

Izingxenye Ezivivinyayo Nokuhlobisa

Ukuhlola okuningi okungokomthetho kolimi lwesizwe kuhlola imincintiswano emine eyisisekelo:

Ulalela ukuqonda[ ulinganisa ikhono lokuqonda ulimi olukhulunywayo ngemimongo yansuku zonke. Izivivinyo zilalela izingxoxo eziqoshiwe, izimemezelo, noma iziyalezo nemibuzo ephathelene nokuqukethwe. Lengxenye ivame ukwakha isisekelo sokuxhumana okuxhunyiwe.

ihlaziya ikhono lokukhuluma [ ukuphimisela, ukushelela, ukunemba kohlelo lolimi, nekhono lokuveza imiqondo ngokucacile. Abafaki-zicelo bafaka izikhambi ezingxoxweni ngezindaba ezijwayelekile, okuhlangenwe nakho, nezihloko zomphakathi. Ku-aperson ukuhlolwa kuvumela abahloli ukuba bahlole ukugeleza nokuqonda okungokwemvelo ngesikhathi sangempela.

Ukufunda ukuqonda[ kuhlola ikhono lokuqonda izinto ezibhalweyo ezivame ukuhlanganwa nazo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Ukuhlolwa kuhlanganisa izimpawu, amafomu, izihloko zezindaba, amaphepha asemthethweni, nemibhalo yemfundo yomphakathi. I-applications kumelwe ibonise ukuthi ingathatha incazelo ekubhalweni okuvamile.

ihlola ikhono lokukwazi ukuveza ukuxhumana okucacile okubhaliwe. Imisebenzi yokubhala ihlanganisa amafomu okuqeda, ukubhala imilayezo emifushane, ukuchaza okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu, nokuveza imibono ezindabeni ezijwayelekile. Eminye imikhandlu idinga abafaki-zicelo ukuba babhale imisho elula ebonisa uhlelo lolimi oluyisisekelo namagama.

Ukukhululwa Nezindawo Zokuhlala

Amazwe amaningi akhipha imvume yokungahlolwa kwemizwa yamaqembu athile. Izikhalazo zasebekhulile zivame ukukhululwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. I-United States abacela ukukhishwa kwezicelo abangaphezu kuka-50 abaye bahlala ezweni iminyaka engu-20. ICanada icela izikhululo ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65. Ukungakhululi okusekelwe e-UN Kingdom, e-Australia, nasemazweni amaningi aseYurophu.

Izikhulu ezikhululayo kwezokwelapha zisebenza kubantu abafaka isicelo esinezinkinga ezibhaliwe ezivimbela ukutholakala kolimi. Lokhu kukhululwa kudinga imvume yezokwelapha ewuchwepheshe eqinisekisa lesi sifo. Iziphathimandla zokungena kwesifo zihlola icala ngalinye ngalinye futhi zinganikeza ezinye izindlela zokuhlola kunokukhulula okugcwele.

Ezinye izakhamuzi zesikhathi eside eziye zabonisa ikhono lolimi ekuhlolweni noma imfundo ngaphambi kokuba zihlolwe zingafanelekela ukuphangwa. Amanye amazwe amukela ukuqedwa kwezifundo zolimi ezisungulwe uhulumeni njengobufakazi bekhono, ukususa isidingo sokuhlola okuhlukile.

Ukulungiselela Nemithombo Evivinyiwe

Ukulungiselela ngokucophelela kwandisa kakhulu amathuba okudlula kokubili izimfuneko zokubhala nokuhlola ulimi olusemthethweni. Abahlolile kufanele baqale ukulungiselela kahle ngaphambi kokuba bafake isicelo sabo sobuzwe.

Izinto Ezifundwa Ngokomthetho

Iziphathimandla zikahulumeni ezithutha abantu zinikeza izinsika zokutadisha ezibanzi kanye nezinto zokusebenzisa. I-U.S.izentelligation Service inikeza i-"Naturality Study Guide" ehlanganisa ulwazi lomphakathi futhi ihlanganisa nesampula imibuzo yokuhlola ulimi. I-Canada "I-Discover Canada" inikeza ukwaziswa okubalulekile ekuhlolweni kwezakhamuzi. Uhulumeni wase-Australian Citizenship: Our Commond" njengekhomu yokuhlolwa kwezemfundo esemthethweni.

Le ziqondiso zihlanganisa izincazelo eziningiliziwe zezimfuneko zokuhlala, amafomu ezinhlelo, izivivinyo, ukuprakthiza imibuzo yokuhlolwa nokwaziswa ngenqubo yokuxoxa. Eziningi zitholakala ngezilimi eziningi namafomethi atholakalayo. Abadlali kufanele basebenzise izinhlelo eziningi zamanje zale mithombo esemthethweni.

Izinhlelo Zokufunda Ulimi

Izinhlelo zolimi ezisekelwe emphakathini zinikeza izinhlelo ezibizayo zokuhlola ulimi lwezakhamuzi. Izincwadi zomphakathi zivame ukuhlanganisa amaqembu ezingxoxo futhi zinikeze amathuba okufunda ama-software olimi. Amakholiji omphakathi nezikhungo zemfundo zabadala zinikeza izifundo eziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukulungiselela izakhamuzi. Lezi zinhlelo zivame ukuhlanganisa izinhlelo eziqukethe izingxoxo zolimi.

Amapulatifomu olimi olusetshenziswa kuyi-inthanethi anikeza abantu abafuna ulwazi oluvumelanayo. Amapulatifomu amakhulu anjenge-Duolingo, i-Babbel, ne-Rosetta Litye anikeza izifundo ezihleliwe ezihambisana namazinga eCEFR. Amawebhusayithi okulungisa izakhamuzi akhethekile anikeza uhlelo oluhlolwe ukuhlolwa kwezwe elithile. Eziningi zalezi zinkonzo zinikeza ukutholakala mahhala okunezinto ezingcono ezizosetshenziswa ekuthuthukiseni izici eziphambili.

Izinhlelo ezihambayo zinikeza amathuba okuziqeqesha phakathi nohambo olupholile noma izikhawu. Izinhlelo ze-flash-cading zisiza ngokuthola amagama ahlobene nezihloko zomphakathi. Izinhlelo zolimi zixhumanisa izikhalazo nezikhulumi zomdabu ukuze zikwazi ukuxoxa. Ukuzijwayeza njalo nsuku zonke ukusebenzisa la mathuluzi kuletha intuthuko engcono ethatha izinyanga eziningana.

Ziqeqeshe Ukuvivinya Nokuhlola

Ukuthatha ukuhlola ngaphansi kwezimo ezinqunyiwe kusiza abafaka isicelo ukuba babone izindawo ezibuthakathaka futhi bakhe ukuzethemba. Ukuhlola okungokomthetho kumawebhusayithi kahulumeni kunikeza amalungiselelo anembile kakhulu. Abamemezeli bengxenye yesithathu banikeza izinto ezengeziwe zokuvivinya ezilingisa izimo zokuhlola.

Izikole eziningi zolimi zinikeza izivivinyo ezibonisa ukuthi zikhona izilinganiso ezibonisa ukuthi zikhona yini izikhalazo ngaphambi kokuba zihlolwe. Ama-Online plat anikeza ukuhlola okubonisa amagebe athile ekhono. Abahlolile kufanele bakhulume ngokuhlolwa kobuthakathaka ngaphambi kokuba bazame ukuhlola okusemthethweni.

Izinkonzo Zokusekela Ezingochwepheshe

Izinhlangano ezimisayo nezinhlangano zabafuduki zinikeza izinkonzo zokulungisa izakhamuzi mahhala noma ezibiza imali ephansi. Lezi zinhlangano zinikeza isiqondiso esisodwa ngenhla ekuqedeni amafomu esicelo, ukuqoqa amaphepha asekelayo, nokulungiselela izingxoxo. Eziningi zinikeza amashabhu agxile ngokukhethekile ekulungiseleleni ulimi.

Othisha bomuntu kanye nezinkampani zokulungisa zinikeza abacela ukuphekwa okuphuthumayo. Lezi zinkonzo zibaluleke kakhulu kubafundi abacela ukuphoqelelwa abahluleka ukuzama noma abadinga ukuthuthukisa ngokushesha ukuze bahlangabezane nemisebenzi emisiwe. Izindleko zihlukahluka kakhulu, ngakho abafaka isicelo kufanele baqhathanise izingxenyana ezikhonjiwe ngaphambi kokuba bazenze.

Ochwepheshe bezomthetho abaqasha umthetho wokufuduka banganikeza isiqondiso ezindabeni eziyinkimbinkimbi zokubala abantu abahlala khona. Ummeli onokuhlangenwe nakho kokufuduka angasiza abacela ukufika kwamanye amazwe abaye bahlala isikhathi eside, baphulukene nasekhaya, noma ezinye izici ezibangela izinkinga ukuba kube namasu okuhlangabezana nezimfuneko zokuhlala.

Inqubo Yengxoxo

Ingxoxo yezakhamuzi isebenza kokubili njengendlela yokuhlola nokuqinisekisa. Phakathi nalengxoxo, izikhulu zezokufuduka zihlola ikhono lolimi, zibukeze imininingwane yesicelo, futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi izimfuneko zokuhlala zihlangatshezwane. Ukuqonda uhlelo lwengxoxo kusiza abafaka isicelo ukuba balungiselele ngokuphumelelayo.

Ingxoxo Nohambo Lokugeleza

Izingxoxo eziningi zezakhamuzi zilandela indlela engaguquki. Isikhulu siqala ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi ungubani umfaki wesicelo nangokubukeza ukwaziswa okusebenzayo. Imibuzo ephathelene nomlando wokuhlala, indlela yokuhamba, kanye nomsebenzi isiza ekuqiniseni izimfuneko eziqhubekayo zokuba khona. Isikhulu sihlola ikhono lolimi ngezingxoxo ezingokwemvelo eziphathelene nezindaba zansuku zonke.

Izazi zomphakathi zilandela ukuhlolwa kolimi. Abaphathi babuza imibuzo ngemisebenzi kahulumeni, umlando wesizwe, nemisebenzi yomphakathi. Abenzi-zincwadi kumelwe baphendule ngokufanele ukuze babonise ulwazi olwanele. Amanye amazwe adinga ukuhlolwa kwezakhamuzi ezibhaliwe ngaphezu kokubuza ngomlomo.

Izinselele Ezivamile Zengxoxo

Imingcele yolimi ingadala izinkinga ngisho nakulabo abafaka isicelo abahlangabezana nezimfuneko ezingokomthetho zokuhlola. Ukwehluka kolimi kanye nokungafani kolimi ngezinye izikhathi kuholela ekungaqondini kahle. Abaphathi baqeqeshelwa ukuphinda imibuzo futhi bacacise lapho kudingeka. Akumelwe bangabaze ukucela ukuphindaphindwa noma ukuphindwa.

Ukungavumelani kwedokhumende kungabambezela ukumiswa. Abaphathi bahlola ngokucophelela amabhukwana asekelayo mayelana nokwaziswa okusebenzayo. Izinsuku, amakheli, nezenzakalo zokuhamba kumele zihambelane kuzo zonke izinto ezifakiwe. Ukulungisa iphakethe lebhukwana elihlelwe kahle kuvimbela ukudideka phakathi nengxoxo.

Izindaba eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuhlala zidinga incazelo ecacile. Izicelo ezithatha izithuba eziningi zamazwe ngamazwe, izabelo zemisebenzi ezengeziwe kwamanye amazwe, noma uhambo oluvamile kufanele zilungiselele ukufingqa okufingqiwe komlando wazo wokuhlala. Ukunikeza le mibhalo ngokulandelana komsebenzi kungavala inqubo yengxoxo.

Ukuqondisa Isimiso Sokusebenza

Ukuhlongozwa kwezakhamuzi kuhilela izikhathi eziphawulekayo zokulungisa ezihlukahluka ngokwezwe nezimo. Ukuhlela kusengaphambili kunciphisa ukucindezeleka futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi abafaka isicelo bangahlangabezana nezimfuneko phakathi nesikhathi sokufaneleka kwesilinganiso sokuhlolwa kolimi.

Ukulungisa izifanekiso zesikhathi

I-opera i-athomu ye-opera i-application isukela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya kwezimbili. I-United States ilinganisela izinyanga eziyi-8 kuya kwezingu-14 kusukela ekufunyanisweni kwesicelo somcimbi. I-Canada ibika inkathi yokulungisa izinhlelo yezinyanga ezingaba ngu-12 kuya kwezingu-18. I-Australia ihlela izinhlelo eziningi phakathi nezinyanga eziyi-12 kuya kwezingu-16. Amazwe aseYurophu abonisa ukuhlukahlukahluka okukhulu, kanti ezinye ziqeda phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha kanti ezinye zithatha iminyaka eminingana.

Ukuhlolwa kolimi ngokuvamile kunezinsuku zokuphelelwa isikhathi ezithinta isikhathi sokusebenza. Amazwe amaningi amukela inani elisebenza iminyaka emibili kusukela kusuku lokuhlola. Abacwaningi kufanele bahlele ukuhlola ulimi ukuze luhlale lusebenza esikhathini esilindelekile.

Ukusikisela Okuhlelekile

Ukwakha amakhono olimi kancane kancane eminyakeni eminingana kuveza imiphumela enamandla kunokuminyana ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Ukungenela emakilasini olimi lomphakathi kubonisa futhi imizamo yokuhlanganisa iziphathimandla ezithuthayo.

Hlola izinsuku zakho ezingokoqobo kusukela ekuqaleni kobukho bakho. Gcina iprogram elandelanayo noma usebenzise izinhlelo zokulandelela ukuze ubhale lonke uhambo. Lokhu kuvimbela izimangaliso zokugcina uma ubala izinsuku zokuba khona.

Butha amafaksi ezincwadi ezisekelayo phakathi nesikhathi sakho sokuhlala kunokulinda kuze kube isikhathi sokufaka isicelo. Gcina amafayela ahleliwe emali yentela, amarekhodi emisebenzi, izivumelwano zokuqasha, namanye amaphepha asemthethweni. Lenhlangano ivumela inqubo yohlelo futhi inciphise ukucindezeleka kokuthola idokhumende.

Bheka izincwadi zesiqondiso ezingokomthetho nemithombo yabafuduki uqala ukuhlela. Amawebhusayithi kahulumeni anikeza ukwaziswa okuningiliziwe ngezimfuneko zamanje. Imithombo yesithathu enjenge-Sited .org eCanada noma e-USA Srosw ye-United States inikeza isiqondiso esiwusizo ngezilimi eziningi.

Sebenzela abameleli abagunyaziwe bezokufuduka uma indaba yakho ihilela ukuba yinkimbinkimbi. Isiqondiso sochwepheshe sibaluleke kakhulu kubafaki bezicelo ezinendlela engavamile yokuhlala, amarekhodi obugebengu, noma ezinye izici ezingase zidinge incazelo.