Kanye ngonyaka, emkhosini obhalwe ngokucophelela njenganoma yimuphi umkhiqizo weBroadway, abantu abanamandla kakhulu kuhulumeni waseMelika bahlangana egumbini le House yengubo isifunda sekheli le-Union. UMongameli ungena ehlombenini elidumayo, enyakazisa izandla ezihlalweni eziphakathini eziyaziwa ngokuthi "i-"grip negrain". Izinkantolo eziphezulu zeNkantolo zihlala ngokushelela ezingubeni zazo. Amakhosi empi afunda ukungathathi hlangothi ngeyunifomu egcwele. Amalungu eSishayamthetho aculanea acula futhi ashaya inkundla yemidlalo yemidlalo yezentengiselwano ehlome noma ahlala ehlome ahlome ahlome ngetshe kuye ngomugqa neqembu lawo. Futhi kulo lonke izwe lesizwe, izigidi zesizwe saseMelika, i-soshane, i-demodemodeism.

I- Isimo sekheli le-Union sisuka kuThomas Jefferson] imibiko ebhaliwe edluliselwe yisithunywa semibukiso yanamuhla ephelele izivakashi ezikhethekile, ekwazini ukubheka amaqiniso, nezikhathi zovirus. Lokhu kuguqulwa akubonisi nje ukushintsha kobuchwepheshe kodwa ukushintshwa kwendlela omongameli abasebenzisa ngayo amandla, indlela amaMelika asebenzisa ngayo ezombangazwe, kanye nalokho esikulindele kuholi lwentando yentando yeningi. Ukuqonda umlando nenjongo yalenhlangano ekhethekile kwembula kakhulu ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwaseMelika njenganoma yimuphi umthetho wentando yeningi noma ukuguqulwa kwezombangazwe.

Kodwa kukho konke ukubukisa nokuma kwayo, iZwe le-Union lihlala lisekelwe kwimfuneko elula yomthetho-sisekelo abaphathi abazisa ngayo uKhongolozeli ngesimo sesizwe. Indlela lomsebenzi ophansi owaba ngayo inkundla yezezombangazwe yesikhathi esiphambili(ne) futhi noma le nkolelo iqinisa noma inciphisa ukubusa kwentando yeningi (-"ifuna ukuhlolwa okucophelelayo). Ikheli ngesikhathi sinye lihlanganisa amandla amakhulu kakhulu entando yeningi nemfuno ekhathaza kakhulu yaseMelika, lisebenza njengesikhumbuzo saminyaka yonke samandla esizwe sethu kanye nokwehlukana kwethu kwezombangazwe.

Imvelaphi Yomthetho - sisekelo Nezincazelo Zokuqala

Amafelemu ahlosile

Imfuneko yoMthetho-sisekelo yokubika umongameli ibonakala cishe njengendlela yokucabanga ngemva kwe Article II, Ingxenye 3: "Uzonika ngezikhathi ezithile u-Congress Information of the State, futhi akhuthaze ukuba bacabangele izilinganiso ezinjalo ngendlela azakuhlulela ngayo ngokudingekile nangokusheshayo." Lomyalo omfushane, ohlanganisiwe phakathi kwamandla kamongameli ukumisa amaKhomishane nokwamukela amanxusa, onganikezi mininingwane yefomende, noma okungaphakathi.

Ulimi olungacacile", ngezikhathi ezithile" .lubonisa ukungaqiniseki kobuhlobo be-Framers ngobuhlobo be-atlansitive mayelana nobudlelwane besikhulu esisesimisweni sabo esisha. Ukulahla kokubili ukuhlanganiswa kwemithetho yephalamende nokuhlukaniswa okumsulwa, bakha izindawo ezingaqondakali lapho amagatsha angazinza khona ubuhlobo ngokusebenza. ISigorime semfuneko ye-Union[ ivezela lendlela: amongameli kumelwe bazise i-Congress, kodwa ukuthi angenza kanjani kanjalo kuncike emithethweni ehambisana nezidingo zezombangazwe.

Ilungiselelo lafeza izinjongo eziningi kumklamo wabasunguli. Laqinisekisa ukuqashelwa kwemithetho yezenzo zezikhulu nezindawo zesizwe, livimbela ukuzihlukanisa okuphazamisa ukubusa. Lanika amongameli indlela engokomthetho yokuveza umthetho, ukuvuma indima yabo yokuhlela izinhlelo naphezu kwamandla omthetho kaKhongoloshe. Okubaluleke kakhulu, lalidinga ukuxhumana ngezikhathi ezithile phakathi kwamagatsha angase akhukhuleke ngokuhlukana noma ngokuzondana.

Izingxoxo eMhlanganweni woMthetho-sisekelo zembula ingxoxo encane ngalelilungiselelo, isikisela ukuthi ukulifaka kwakungekhona okungavumelani. AmaFrame athathwa ezibonelweni zamakoloni nakuhulumeni lapho ababusi babekhuluma njalo nezishayamthetho. Futhi babesazi isiko leNgilandi le iSikhangiso seNkosi esivela eThrone[[FLT] [FLT] evula iPhalamende, nakuba ngokuqinisekile babefuna ukugwema izinxulumano zombuso nanoma yimuphi umkhuba owenziwayo.

Isiqalo seWashington

George Washington, eqaphela ukuthi yonke imisebenzi yakhe yabeka imizekelo, wanikeza umyalezo wokuqala waminyaka yonke eMkhandlwini ikanye ngo-January 8, 1790. Inkulumo yakhe emfushane edlula nje 1 000 (ibhalwe ngo-"inkulumo] kuphela) ehlanganisa ubuhlobo bangaphandle, izindaba zezempi, ukubongwa umphakathi, nemfundo. Iphimbo le-Washington elingokomthetho nezindlela ezibanzi ezalandelwa amakhulu amaningi eminyaka: ikheli njengendlela ecacile yokuhlola izimo zesizwe kunokuba kube yimpikiswano ephikisanayo.

Umkhosi ophathelene nekheli le Washington elibolewe ephalamendeni laseBrithani ngesikhathi sisekela ushintsho lwezempucuthe. uShahington waya eKhonseleni kunokubiza izishayamthetho kuye, ukuvuma ukubusa kwemithetho elandelanayo. Zombili izindlu zazilungiselela ukusabela okungokomthetho ekhelini, zidala ingxoxo phakathi kwamagatsha. Lezi zimo, nakuba zihloniphekile, zasungula ukuthi uMkhandlu wawungeke nje wamukele isiqondiso sesikhulu kodwa uthathe ngamabomu futhi uphendule ngokuzibophanga.

Isinqumo sikaWashington sokunikeza ikheli minyaka yonke, nakuba kungafuneki ngokomthetho, sabeka isiqalo esihlala njalo. Amakheli aminyaka yonke adala izigqi zokuxhumana ezivamile phakathi kwamagatsha futhi anikeza isikhathi esilindelekile sokuhlola kwesizwe. Lokhu kulandelana kwasiza ekuhleleni uhulumeni osemusha futhi kwadala amathemba omphakathi omholi nowokulandisa.

Amakheli okuqala asungula futhi umkhuba wokusebenzisa lesi senzakalo ukuze kucaciswe ukubona okukhulu kwesizwe ngaphandle kwezimiso ezicatshangelwe ngokushesha. IWashington yagcizelela ubunye besizwe, ukwethembeka komthetho-sisekelo, nobuhle be-riphabliki .Izihloko ezadlula ukutusa okukhethekile komthetho. lomsebenzi . [i-[FLT:] [i-act:] [1] [1] u-xhunyiwe umbuso wamakheli e-Union kuwo wonke umlando waseMelika.

Ukuvuleka kwenguquko ka Jefferson

Isinqumo sikaThomas Jefferson sokuhambisa isigijimi sakhe sokuqala saminyaka yonke ngokubhala kunokusihambisa ngokwakhe saphawula iqhekeka lomthetho womthetho wobuFederal. UJefferson wakholelwa ukuthi amakheli angokomthetho ka-Washington no-Adam ayefana kakhulu nenkulumo yenkosi yaseBrithani esesihlalo sobukhosi. Imiyalezo ebhalwe, waphikisa, wabonisa ukuba lula kobuzwe futhi wagwema ukuphakamisa umongameli ngaphezu kweSishaya-Mbende.

Ngaphezu kokufanekisa, indlela kaJefferson yabonisa izinkolelo ezihlukene zamandla kamongameli kanye nobudlelwane bomthetho. Lapho abaqondisi bezwe babona ukuhola kukamongameli njengokubalulekile kuhulumeni onamandla, Jeffersonian Republican yagcizelela ukuphakama kwemithetho ye-[ namandla alinganiselwe. Imiyalezo elotshiwe yavuma lesigaba sobumongameli kunokuba ibonakale phambi kwaso njengesikhulu esilinganayo noma esiphakeme.

Isigijimi esibhaliwe sasibonisa ukuthi izombangazwe ziwusizo. Naphezu kwekhono lakhe elikhulu, uJefferson wayengesona isikhulumi sasobala esinamandla. Izwi lakhe elincane nokungakhululeki komphakathi kwenza ukuxhumana okubhaliwe kwaphumelela kakhulu. Lokhu kulinganiselwa komuntu siqu, okushintshwe kwaba isimiso soburiphabliki, kwakuzobusa inqubo yeminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, ebonisa indlela ubuntu bomuntu obuthuthukisa ngayo izinhlangano.

Imiyalezo ebhaliwe kaJefferson yayifundwa ngokuzwakalayo omabhalane endlini ngayinye, begcina izimpawu ezithile zesiko kuyilapho besusa ukuba khona komongameli. Lokhu kufunda ngokuvamile kwabangela ukusabela okusheshayo kwemithetho, namakomiti akhelwe ukunikeza iziphakamiso zikamongameli. Lomkhuba walondoloza ukuxhumana kwezikhulu nomphathi kuyilapho unciphisa ukuhlobana kwemifantu yenkosi uJefferson kwatholakala kungathandeki.

Ukuziphendukela Kwekheli Lanamuhla

Ukuvuselelwa KukaWilson Nezinkinga Zakho

Isinqumo sikaWoodrow Wilson sokunikeza isigijimi sakhe saminyaka yonke ngo-1913 saguqula iZwe loMbuso futhi sabonakalisa izinguquko ezinkulu emandleni kamongameli. Isazi sezombangazwe esake sasekela ukuhola kukamongameli okunamandla kakhulu, Wilson sabona ukubukeka komuntu siqu njengokubalulekile [[[ ukukhuthaza umbono womphakathi nokucindezela iSishaya-Mkhandlu. Ukufika kwakhe okuphawulekayo eCapitol, ukubonakala komongameli wokuqala lapho ngenxa yesigijimi saminyaka engu-11, kwabonisa inkathi entsha yesenzo sikamongameli.

Wilson wavuselelwa ekudluliseleni umlomo kwaqondana nokwanda kweNkathi kahulumeni kwezinkinga zezomnotho nezezenhlalo. Njengoba uhulumeni esingatha izinkinga zezomnotho nezezenhlalo eziyinkimbinkimbi, abaphathi babedinga amathuluzi okwakha ukusekela komphakathi ezimisweni eziphambili. Amakheli omphakathi avumela amongameli ukuba bakhulume ngokuqondile nabantu enhloko yoMkhandlu, baguqulela umbiko kumthetho wesizwe ukuba ube yingxoxo.

Ukusabela ekwakhekeni kukaWilson kwakuxubene. Abaxhasi bancoma amandla nokubekwa komuntu siqu kobuholi okwanikezwa. Abagxeki babona ukudlondlobala okuyingozi kwamandla kamongameli nokwephulwa kwamasiko eriphabliki. Abanye abahleli balulaza ikheli, bebheka ukubukeka komuntu siqu njengendelelo ehloniphekile ekwakheni umthetho. Le mpikiswano ephathelene nokuba khona komongameli yayiyophinda iphinde iphinde iphindeke phakathi nekhulu lama-20 leminyaka njengoba amandla omphathi eyanda.

Abalandeli bakaWilson ekuqaleni babehluka endleleni yabo. Ukubeletha noCoolidge kwaqhubeka nokubeletha komuntu siqu, kodwa ikheli likaCalvin Coolidge' lika 1923 laba ikheli lokuqala ukusakaza emsakazweni[, ukwenezela ububanzi obusha kulelisiko. Herbert Hoover, engakhululekile ngokukhuluma obala, ebuye wathumela imiyalezo ebhaliwe. Kungaze ku-Franklin Rooselt isithethe somlomo sasingamiswa ngokuqinile.

Ukuguqula FDR

Franklin Roosevelt waguqula iZwe le-Union laba yisimo salo sanamuhla kokubili ngendlela nangendlela yayo. Amakheli akhe, anikezwa ngokuqiniseka okuphawulekayo nangekhono, aba yizenzakalo ezinkulu zezombangazwe ezaguqula ingxoxo yesizwe. FDR waqonda ukuthi radio wavumela amongameli ukuba bakhulume ngokuqondile nezakhamuzi [, benza ikheli libe yithuluzi lokukhuthaza umbono womphakathi kunokuba nje bazise iSishaya-Hulumeni.

Ikheli likaRoosevelt phakathi noKuwohloka Kwezomnotho neMpi Yezwe II labonisa amandla okukhuluma kukamongameli okukhuthaza nokuqinisekisa phakathi nenhlekelele. Ikheli lakhe lika-1941 "Inkululeko Yethu" liyinhloso yempi ecacile eyathinta umhlaba wonke. U-1944 wabiza u-"Economic Bill of Rights" wachaza umbono onamandla wangemva kwempi. Lezinkulumo zabonisa indlela iZwe lamakheli e-Union elingayiguqula ngayo imibono ehlukile ngaphandle kwezimiso eziphoqeqeshiwe.

Izindawo eziphambili namakheli eRooosevelt amisa izenzakalo ezintsha. Wahlanganisa izikhangiso zomuntu siqu kanye nokunxusa okungokomzwelo kanye nezingxoxo zezimiso. Wavuma izimenywa ezikhethekile e-gallery, ezinikeza izimiso ezingekho ngqiqweni. Wasebenzisa ulimi olulula, olucacile olufinyelelwayo kubantu abalalele imisakazo. Lemiklamo yenza ikheli lezesiteji libe yinkundla yemidlalo futhi litholakale, uma ingahloniphekile.

FDR futhi yasungula umkhuba wokusebenzisa ikheli ukuze libonge ukufezwa ngempumelelo kuyilapho lisola uKhongolose ngokuhluleka. Lo mphetho, nakuba ungemusha ngokuphelele, wabalula kakhulu ngaphansi kwe-Roosevelt. kleader yaba inkulumo yomkhankaso [ eyanikezwa ezindaweni zesikhulumi esihlonipheke kakhulu sesizwe, ukubeka izindlela ezizokhula emashumini eminyaka alandelayo.

Ithelevishini Nobubonisi Obubonakalayo

UHarry Truman ka-1947 State of the Union waba ikheli lokuqala eliqoshiwe, nakuba babembalwa abantu baseMelika ababenethelevishini. Ngobumongameli bukaEisenhower, ithelevishini yayisakazeke kangangokuba izinto ezibonakala ekhelini zaqala ukubaluleka. Lyndon Johnson washukumisela ikheli eliya esikhathini sokuqala ngo-1965, efaka isaziso sezilaleli zethelevishini futhi eyiguqula yaba ukuzijabulisa kwakusihlwa njengokuxhumana kwezombangazwe.

Ithelevishini yashintsha kakhulu ubuntu bekheli. Izimpawu ezibukekayo .Izimo zikamongameli, ukushukuma komzimba, nokusebenzelana kwakhe, kwaqala ukubaluleka njengamazwi. Ukusabela kwezilaleli, ikakhulukazi ukushaya ucingo olunomklamo noma ukuhlala okuqondile, kwaba yingxenye yombukiso. Ukuba khona kwezivakashi ezikhethekile e-gallery kwanezela izindaba zesithakazelo kubantu ezingxoxweni zezimiso. Ikheli laba inkundla yemidlalo yezombangazwe lapho umsebenzi wawubaluleke kakhulu njengasemkhakheni wezindaba.

Ronald Reagan wawazi kahle umboniso-sithombe-Sizwe se-Union, esebenzisa ukuqeqeshwa kukadokotela wakhe ukuze anikeze imisebenzi ekhumbulekayo. Ukusungulwa kwakhe [[FLT: 0] [ukwamukela "izigebengu e-gallery" [1] , amaMelika avamile anezigcawu zemithetho ekhomba i-Union. uLenny Skutnik, owasindisa owesifazane ominzayo ngemva kokuphahlazeka kwendiza, waba isivakashi sokuqala ngo1982, waboleka igama lakhe kubo bonke ababezomela i-gadio.

Inkathi yethelevishini yaqinisa futhi ukuhlukanisa kwezindawo. AmaDemocrates namaRepublicans ngokuqhubekayo ahlanganisa izimpendulo zawo − ukuma, ukuhlala, ukushaya ihlombe, noma ukuhlala buthule kanyekanye. Lokhu kubonakaliswa okubonakalayo kokusekela noma ukuphikiswa kwaba ingxenye yomyalezo, ebonisa izigaba zezombangazwe zezwe ezibukele ithelevishini ezihlongozweni zomongameli. Ikheli laba ukubuka iSishaya-Mkhandlu njengokulalela umongameli.

Isifundazwe Samanje Sale Nhlangano

Ukushintsha Kwenkathi Yezinombolo

I-Internet nezokuxhumana ziye zaguqula iZwe le-Union laba yi- i-multimedia, izenzakalo eziningi ze-platform zidlulela kude kakhulu kunenkulumo engokoqobo. I House yeWhite seyikhipha izinguqulo ezithuthukisiwe ngemidwebo, yenza kube nezikhathi zezokuxhumana, futhi inikeza amabala kanye nezinto ezisekelanayo kuyi-inthanethi. Ikheli liba eliqukethe ama-teethit, ama-meet, namavidiyo, ahlukanisa futhi afaka isigijimi sawo ngezindlela ezingakazeki.

Ukuphila okuhlolayo kuye kwaba ukulandisa okufanayo nekheli ngokwalo. Izinhlangano zezindaba namaqembu asekela anikeza ukuhlaziywa kwangempela kwamazwi kamongameli, kudala izincazelo eziphikisanayo ngisho nanjengoba umongameli ekhuluma. ] i-Social shop ahlaziya izinto zezindaba [[ ibangela ukuphicothaniswa kokusabela okungasibekela ikheli langempela. Isikhathi esihlangene sezizwe zenkathi yangaphambili siye sahlukana, sasetshenziswa ngokwehlukana.

Abaholi manje bakhuluma ngezemisebenzi yezobuchwepheshe becabanga ngezokuxhumana, kuhlanganise namagama amafushane, akhumbulekayo nezikhathi ezikhumbulekayo eziklanyelwe ukuba zingene emagameni. Izinhlu eziphumelela kakhulu yilezo ezisebenza njengalokhu kokubili abakhi bomsindo wethelevishini nezokuxhumana. Lokhu kucindezela kwezikhathi zobuthi kungabangela ukuxakeka ngokweqile noma ukuthatheka okuthathelwanayo ngezingxoxo zezimiso ezicatshangelwe.

Ukuthembisana ngemishini kuvumela nokuhlanganyela komphakathi okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili. Izakhamuzi zingasabela ngokushesha, zihlanganyele, futhi zihlele izimpikiswano eziphakanyiswe ekhelini. IWhite House ingathola ukusabela ngesikhathi sangempela futhi ilungise ukuthumelelana imiyalezo ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kwenza ikheli libe nentando yeningi ngezindlela ezithile kodwa futhi likwazi kakhulu ukuxhaphaza nokuqamba amanga.

Ukuphikiswa Kusabela Emfundisweni Yezimo

Umkhuba wokusabela okungokomthetho kokuphikiswa waqala ngempendulo kaRepublicans kuLyndon Johnson ngo-1966, ubhekisa ekuphikiseni okulandela ngokushesha ngemva kwekheli lomongameli. Lempendulo inikeza ukulinganisela kodwa futhi iqinisa ukuhlukana kwe-Republication, ifaka iZwe le-Union njengempi yezombangazwe kunokuba ihlolwe isizwe.

Inselele yokusabela ekhelini likamongameli elingenalutho, ngaphandle kwesehlo esiyinhloko, iye yaveza ukwehluleka okuningi okukhumbulekayo. Isikhathi esinzima sika-Marco Rubio sokuthola amanzi ngo-2013 no-Bobby Jindal ka-2009 siveza ubunzima bobukhulu obufanayo bobumongameli. Lokhu kusabela kuvame ukuthola ukunakwa kakhulu ngamagaffe kunokuba inzuzo, kuba yisikwele esingokomba sobupolitiki kunokuba kube ithuba.

Ukusabela okuhlukahlukene kuye kwanda njengoba amaqembu ahlukene efuna ukuveza imibono yawo. Ngaphezu kokusabela okungokomthetho kokuphikiswa, kungase kube nokusabela kwe-Tea Party, ukusabela okuqhubekayo, ukusabela kolimi lwe-Spanish, nokusabela kwezenhlalo. Lokhu kuphindaphindwa kwamazwi kubonisa ukuhlukana kwezombangazwe kodwa kululaza ithonya lanoma yikuphi ukusabela okukodwa.

Ukusabela kokuphikiswa kwenza isimo sokwahlukanisa salokho okwake kwaba yisenzakalo esihlanganisa kakhulu. Ngokukhipha ngokushesha umyalezo kamongameli ngelens expand, lamazwi asabelayo avimbela ngisho nokucatshangelwa kwesikhashana [ kwezihlongozo ezivumelanayo. Baguqula iZwe Lombuso Le-Union ekudluliseni ukwaziswa libe yimpikiswano yokuqala ngonyaka wonke.

Inkundla yemidlalo nezimpawu

Izwe elikhona ngenkathi yethuba le-Union seliye laba inkundla yemidlalo yezezombangazwe enezilinganiso ezingokomfanekiso. Ukungena kukamongameli, ukunqoba ngokwesiko, izimpawu zamandla noma ubuthakathaka ezisekelwe ekuhlahleni kwehlombe. Ukukhetha ukuthi ubani ohlala lapho cishe ilungu leKhabhinethi lihlala kude ukuze liqhubeke lihamba kuhulumeni, izivakashi ezihlala nemiyalezo yezombangazwe yoQonda.

Ukuziphatha kobukhoma phakathi nekheli sekuye kwaba nokuhlupha okukhulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi kwaba nokungahloniphi. Joe Wilson's "Uqamba amanga!" ukuqhuma phakathi nekheli lobudokotela lika-Obama lika 2009 nekheli likaNancy Pelosi elivusa amadlingozi lokukhuluma ngemva kwekheli likaTrump's 2020 libonisa ukuwohloka kwesiko. Lezikhathi, nakuba zishaqisa kwabanye, isisekelo seze yandisa futhi iveze amathuba okukhokha imali.

Ukufakwa kwe-bipartisan meters jjprief lapho kokubili amaqembu emi khona futhi eshaya ihlombe, kuseyizibalo zezombangazwe. Abameli bahlanganisa ngamabomu imigqa eklanyelwe ukuphoqelela ukuma kokuphikiswa, izenze zibonakale ziphazamisa uma zihlala. Lezi zikhathi ezikhiqizwayo zokuhlangana zifihla ukuhlukana okujulile kuyilapho zinikeza ukuvumelana kwethelevishini okusobala kwesizwe.

Izivakashi ezikhethekile ziye zasuka kumaqhawe kaReagan zaba izisekeli zezombangazwe eziphambili. Manje abameli bamema izivakashi ezihlanganisa zonke iziphakamiso, zidala izimpikiswano ezingokomzwelo ezidlula ukuhlolwa kwe-alytical. Amaqembu okuphikiswa aletha izivakashi zawo siqu ukuze aphikise ukulandisa komongameli. I-galaji iba umbukiso ophikisanayo wezindaba zaseMelika, uhlangothi ngalunye luzisholo ukuthi lumelela izindinganiso zesizwe.

Umthetho - sisekelo Nezinjongo Zentando Yeningi

Ukuguqula Isizwe

Phakathi nendawo, iZwe le-Union lifeza injongo eyisisekelo yentando yeningi ye eguqula izakhamuzi ngesimo sikahulumeni wazo nesiqondiso. Enkathini yokugcwala kokwaziswa okukhulu, ikheli linikeza isikhathi esikhethekile lapho umongameli engafuna ukunakwa kwesizwe ukuze axoxe ngezindaba eziningi. Le misebenzi yokwaziswa, nakuba ishintshwa yimithombo yezindaba yanamuhla, ihlala ibalulekile ekulandiseni ngentando yeningi.

Ukuhlanganisa okulindelekile kwe-State of the Union kuqinisekisa ukuthi amongameli abanakuzishaya indiva izindaba eziphazamisayo noma bagxile kuphela emandleni. Isiko lokuhlanganisa imithetho yangaphandle neyomkhaya, izindaba zezomnotho nezenhlalo, lidala ukucindezela kokulinganisela okulinganiselwe. Nakuba amongameli begcizelela impumelelo ngokungenakugwenywa, ukuhlelwa kudinga ukuqaphela izinselele ezihlanganyelwe kakhulu uhulumeni.

Omongameli banamuhla basebenzisa ikheli ukufundisa umphakathi ngezindaba eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingatholi ukunakekela okuqhubekayo. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, izidingo zezakhiwo, noma ukunikezwa imvume yokuguqula isimo kungathola ingxoxo eningiliziwe eSifundeni se-Union abangeke bamukele emijikelezweni yezindaba evamile. lomsebenzi wemfundo [ usiza ekubangeleni izakhamuzi ezifundile ezikwazi ukungenela idemokrati.

Nokho, isimo sokuhlukanisa amakheli akhona manje sivumelana nokubaluleka kokwaziswa kwawo. Uma konke okushiwoyo kuphikiswa futhi kuphenyelwa, lapho ukusabela kokuphikiswa kuvumelana ngokushesha, izakhamuzi zamukela ukulandisa okuphikisanayo kunokuba zihlangane nokwaziswa. Ikheli lingase lazise, kodwa futhi lidida, lishiye izakhamuzi zihlele iqiniso zingalifuni.

Ukumisa I - Agenda

Izwe lomsebenzi osebenza kakhulu lihlanganisa ukumisa-engamele unyaka ozayo[. Abameli basebenzisa ikheli ekuhleleni izinto ngokulandelana, ukuveza umthetho, nokuthatha izikhundla zokuhlela. Loluhlelo lwamandla luhlela amakhalenda okuhlela, ukuhlanganisa imithombo yezindaba, nengxoxo yomphakathi izinyanga eziningi ngemva kwalokho.

Amandla ekheli lokuhlela akhula njengoba amongameli beye baba abashayamthetho abakhulu. Omongameli banamuhla bafika neziphakamiso zezimiso ezinemininingwane, umthetho ohlelayo, nezicelo eziqondile zesenzo sobuhlanga. Uhlu lokugeza izingubo ezibonisa amakheli anamuhla abonisa indima yomongameli njengoqala umthetho kunokuba nje umsunguli wentando ye-communigation.

Kodwa ukuhlobana phakathi kwezihlongozo ze-Hulumeni nempumelelo yangempela kuhlala kungubukhazikhazi. Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi amongameli bafeza ingxenye encane kakhulu yezicelo zikaHulumeni we-Union, ikakhulukazi kuhulumeni ohlukene phakathi. Ikheli lingase limise uhlelo, kodwa aliqiniseki ukuthi liyothatha isinyathelo. Leligebe phakathi kokukhuluma ngomongameli nempumelelo yempumelelo linezela ekugxekeni umphakathi ngokuphumelela kukahulumeni.

Ukwanda kwezihlongozo emakhelini anamuhla cishe ngezinye izikhathi inqwaba yezinto ezithile kanye nemiphumela. Uma yonke into ibalulekile, akukho okubalulekile. Omongameli abanobuhlakani basebenzisa ikheli [[ ngokuqhubekayo ukuqokomisa izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezinkulu kunokuhlela izinhlu zezincwadi ezibanzi, beqaphela ukuthi leyomiyalezo egxiliswe ngokuphumelelayo.

Ukuphikisa Umbono Womphakathi

Abaholi basebenzisa iZwe le-Union ngokwandayo ukunikeza umbono womphakathi [ ngokuhlela kwabo. Ngokukhuluma ngokuqondile nesizwe, amongameli bangacindezela uMkhandlu, balungise impikiswano yomphakathi, futhi bakhe amandla okuqala kwabo. Le "ukuhamba komphakathi" ikhuluma ngekheli njengokuvulwa komkhankaso wokunqoba kwenqubo.

Ukuphumelela kwezicelo zikamongameli kuyahluka ngokuthandwa komongameli, ukuphakanyiswa, nomongo wezombangazwe. Omongameli abadumile abakhuluma ngezindaba ezihlangene bangabangela ukucindezela okukhulu eKhonseleni. Omongameli abangathandwa ababhekene nokuphikiswa okungaqiniseki bathola ukuthi ukunxusa kwabo akunasiqinisekiso. Ikheli linikeza ipulatifomu, kodwa aliqinisekisi ukunxenxwa.

Imithombo yezokuxhumana ithuthukisa amathuba okubuthwa komphakathi kodwa futhi idiliza izilaleli. Abameli ngeke baphinde bacabange ukuthi amaMelika amaningi abuka ikheli eliphelele noma athole umyalezo walo ongakhangisiwe. Kunalokho, kumelwe abhale imiyalezo esebenza ezitejini eziningi futhi iqhubeke ichazwa ngokulandelana. Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kwenza ukuba umbono uqine naphezu kobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obuthuthukisiwe.

Isimo sesikhashana seState of the Union sithonya imingcele yamandla aso okuzilungiselela. Ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi amakheli angaphambili aveza umbono omfushane "umqondo" osheshayo ukuphendulwa. Ngaphandle kokulandela ngokuqhubekayo, iState of the Union icela ukuba kungavezi ushintsho oluhlala njalo. Ikheli lingase liqale izingxoxo kodwa lingaphelise kancane.

Umphumela Olinganiswayo Nokuphumelela

Ukuphumelela Kwezimiso

Ukulandelela ubuhlobo phakathi kwezihlongozo ze-Union nempumelelo yenqubo elandelayo kwembula amazinga empumelelo kamongameli. Ukuhlola kusikisela ukuba amongameli bafinyelele cishe amaphesenti angu-40-50 eSizwe sabo esikhethekile se-Union izicelo[[, ngempumelelo ehlukahluka ngokwemongo yezombangazwe, indawo yohlelo, nekhono lobumongameli.

Uhulumeni ohlangene uthuthukisa impumelelo kamongameli, ngezinye izikhathi edlula amaphesenti angu-70 ngenxa yezihlongozo ezinkulu. Uhulumeni ohlukene unciphisa impumelelo ibe ngu-20-30%, futhi okuningi okufeziwe okuhlanganisa ukuvumelana kwe-bipartisan. Lokhu kuveza indlela ukuphumelela kwekheli elixhomeke ngayo esimisweni sezombangazwe kunokuba kuncike emandleni okufuna ukwazi ukuphendula.

Iziphakamiso zemithetho yamazwe angaphandle zivame ukufinyelela amazinga empumelelo ephakeme kunezindawo ezithathwa ekhaya, ziveza igunya elikhulu lomongameli ezindabeni zomhlaba wonke. Impumelelo yezomnotho ixhomeke kakhulu ezimweni − ama-crisis adala amathuba okuthatha isinyathelo esiphawulekayo kuyilapho ukuchuma kubangela ukunganaki. Izihlongozo zezimiso zomphakathi zibhekene nobunzima obukhulu, ukumiswa kwazo okungaqondakali nokusetshenziswa okuyinkimbinkimbi.

Inkathi yeziphakamiso ezisemibhalweni kamongameli ithinta impumelelo yazo. Amakheli onyaka wokuqala avame ukufinyelela okwengeziwe njengoba omongameli bejabulela inkathi yomshado wangemva komshado kanye nemithetho egunyaziwe. Iminyaka ethatha ikheli iba yizimposiso ezifinyelelwe [[ enamathuba amancane okuphumelela lapho ukunaka kushintsha. Amakheli aphakathi-makheli kumelwe asebenzise amandla ashintshwe ngemva kokhetho lwe-costation.

Imiphumela Yombono Womphakathi

Izwe lamakheli e-Union liveza imiphumela engenakulinganiswa kodwa elinganiselwe embonweni womphakathi. Izilinganiso zemvume kamongameli zivame ukwandisa amaphuzu amabili-3 ngemva kwamakheli, nakuba le mpumelelo ivame ukunyamalala phakathi namasonto. Inhlangano yombono wobuProthelish' eqonde ngqo[[ ingcono kakhulu, ayivamile ukudlula amaphuzu amahlanu kunoma imuphi umbango.

Amakheli aphumelela kakhulu ekuthatheni umbono anezici ezithile: ukugxila ngokucacile olwazini olulodwa noma ezimbili, iziphakamiso ezicacile kunezimiso ezingabonakali, kanye nokuhlobana nezenzakalo zamanje noma izinhlekelele. Ihlakazekile, amakheli ohlu lwezingubo aveza ushintsho oluncane lwemibono njengoba izibukeli zizama ukulungisa imiyalezo eminingi.

Ukuhlanganisa isigaba esiphakathi kwezindawo kuya kulinganisela amandla okuthonya amakheli. AmaDemocrates namaRepublicans achaza ikheli elifanayo ngokuhluke kakhulu, nesigijimi esikhungathekisayo. Abameleli, abakholisayo, ngokucatshangelwayo, bayazilahla ngokuphelele izinkulumo zezombangazwe. Umkhathi wezibukeli ongase uthonye izimpawu uyancipha unyaka ngamunye.

Izindaba nencazelo zibaluleke kakhulu kunekheli ngokwalo lombono womphakathi. Indlela izinhlangano zezindaba eziyihlela ngayo inkulumo, izikhathi eziziqokomisayo, kanye nokuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ezinikeza ukwamukela umphakathi ngaphezu kwamagama kamongameli. Abaholi ngokuqhubekayo abanakukwazi ukulawula umyalezo wabo [[ uma nje ingena emvelweni yezokuxhumana yanamuhla.

Ifa Elingokomlando

Amanye amakheli e-Union afinyelela ukubaluleka okuhlala njalo komlando kuyilapho amaningi engaziwa. Amakheli akhumbulekayo ahlanganisa ukuphuma kwenqubo, ukusabela kwenhlekelele, noma izinqubo ezidinga impendulo ezidlulela ngalé komongo wazo oseduze.

I-FDR's "Inkululeko Yethu" yekheli elicaciwe elilolonga uhlelo lwezizwe ngemuva kwempi. Ngo-1944 ikheli le-LBJ liqala iMpi Yobumpofu ikhangisa izinhlelo ezikhona namuhla. Ngo-1982, ikheli likaReagan ukungenisa amaqhawe e-gallery layishintsha unomphela ifomende. La makheli afinyelela ithonya elihlala njalo ngokubona, ngesikhathi, noma ngokusungulwa kabusha.

Nokho, amakheli amaningi acishe alitshalwe ngokushesha. Izinhlu ezinde zezihlongozo, ukulungisa okuqhubekayo, namaphuzu okukhuluma aphawula amakheli avamile azishiya ziwumphumela ohlala njalo. Ngisho nomongameli bazama ukukhumbula iSizwe sabo siqu se - Union kusukela eminyakeni edlule.

Indida kaHulumeni wanamuhla we-Union ukuthi ukukhulumisana kwamandla kamongameli kunciphisa ithonya elilodwa lekheli. Uma omongameli bekhuluma, amazwi abo ayenesisisindo esikhethekile. Manje, ngezimemezelo zomongameli zansuku zonke, amakheli amasonto onke, nemithombo yezokuxhumana engapheli, i- isimo se-Union iba enye inkulumo [[, kanye ne-i-allbate.

Ukugxekwa Nezinguquko

Inkinga Yohlu Lwama - lastry

Izwe lamuva lamakheli e-Union liye laphenduka laba amaqoqo amade ezihlongozo ezithinta yonke impikiswano ecatshangelwayo. Isilinganiso samuva samakheli angaphezu kuka-6 000 nangemva kwehora, ukuhlola ukunakwa nokugxilisa ingqondo kwezilaleli. " loluhlu oluhlanganisayo" lubonisa ukucindezela kwezombangazwe ukuvuma noma yikuphi ukuphumelela nempikiswano kodwa lululaza ukuphumelela kwekheli.

Izinhlelo zohlu lwezingubo zavela ezicini eziningana. Amaqembu anesithakazelo alindele ukuqashelwa kwezinto eziza kuqala. Amalungu e-Congress afuna ukuba kushiwo iziphakamiso zawo zomthetho. Izicelo zemishini zokuqashelwa kwezinhlelo. Abameli besaba ukuthi ukukhipha noma iziphi izimpawu zokulahla izingxoxo. Lokhu kucindezela kwakha amakheli agcwele anelise izimfashini kuyilapho zibangela izibukeli eziyisicefe.

Abagxeki baphikisa ngokubuyela kumakheli amafushane, agxiliswe ahlaziya amehlo amakhulu kunokusikisela okuningiliziwe. Umongameli angasebenzisa kangcono idemokrasi ngokuchaza ngokucacile izinyathelo ezimbili noma ezintathu ezinkulu kunokusho ngokukha phezulu imiyalezo eminingi. ingaba inkumbulo ekhumbulekayo, ethatha isinyathelo, futhi ethembekile mayelana nezinto eziza kuqala kumongameli.

Kodwa amaqiniso ezombangazwe enza kube nzima. Zonke izimpikiswano ezingahoxiswanga ziba yisici esincane ekumelaneni okuthile. Amaqembu aphikisayo asebenzisa iziphakamiso njengobufakazi bokunganaki kukamongameli. Ikheli elibanzi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi aliqondi, linikeza isembozo sezombangazwe ngisho nanjengoba lilulaza ukuphumelela kokuxhumana.

Inkinga Yenkundla Yemidlalo YasePartisan

Ukwanda kokwahlukana kwezwe lamakheli e-Union kululaza amathuba abo okuhlanganisa. Umbukwane [[FLT: 0] ka-Democrats noRepublicans uthatha ukuma nokuhlala [, ukusabela okusheshayo kokuphikiswa, nokulwisana kwezenhlalo kuguqula lokho okungaba isikhathi sobuzwe kube yimpi yokulwa.

Abanye basikisela izinguquko ukuze banciphise izinkundla zemidlalo yeshashalazi: izihlalo ezixubile esikhundleni sezinhlangothi ezihlukene, ukumisa izigijimi, noma ukubuyela ezigijimeni ezibhaliwe.

Indima yemithombo yezindaba ekukhuliseni izingxabano zombango idinga ukuhlolwa. I-fluga igxila kwabanqobi bezombangazwe nabahluliwe, izimpi eziyiqiniso, nezikhathi zemidlalo yaseshashalazini kunengxoxo ephansi yesimiso. Lokhu kugcizelela ukuphikisana okuqukethwe yilokhu okuhilelekile kuthuthukisa ukuziphatha okuhlukanisayo.

Kodwa ubandlululo lubonisa futhi ukuhlukana kwangempela kwezombangazwe okungavunyelwe ukubhalwa phansi. Ubunye obuhloselwe ukubulalela bukhona uma bungafezeki injongo yentando yeningi. Mhlawumbe ukubonakaliswa kokwethembeka kwehlukana yezombangazwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ayithandeki, kungcono kakhulu kusebenzela idemokrasi kunokuvumelana kwamanga.

Ezinye Izifanekiso Nezici Ezivelayo

Kucelwe noma kwazanywa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ezithathelwa iZwe elivamile le-Union. Abanye basikisela i-mulple amakheli abhekiswe phambili [ phakathi nonyaka kunaleyo eyodwa yenkulumo ebanzi. Abanye bahlongoza amafomethi okuxoxa lapho amongameli bephendula khona imibuzo evela ku-Congress noma izakhamuzi.

Izifekethiso zomhlaba wonke zinikeza ukuqhathanisa okuthakazelisayo. Imibuzo kaNdunankulu waseBrithani inikeza ukulandisa okuvamile, okuhambisana nokuxabana. Amakheli kaMongameli waseFrance angavamile ePhalamende agcina amandla akhethekile adonsela phansi. Imibiko yezetechnocrate yaseJalimane engcono igwema inkundla yemidlalo yase-Melika yesiteshi.

Ubuchwepheshe busiza ukuba kube namasu amasha. Iqiniso elingokoqobo lingavumela izakhamuzi ukuba "zifake ikheli". Izici ze-internet zinganikeza ububanzi obungakholeki ezintshumeni. Ukuhlakanipha kokwenziwa kungasiza izigijimi ezihlukene. Lezi zici zingathuthukisa ukuhlanganyela kwentando yeningi noma ezinye izingxenyana zolwazi ezihlanganyelwe.

Abanye amongameli baye bazama ukusungula izinto ezintsha. Ikheli lika-Clinton lika1997 laliyikheli lokuqala ukusakazwa kuyi-intanethi. I-obama yaphayona ithuthukisa izinguqulo zohlelo lwezinombolo. Ikheli lika-Trump' lika-2019 lalinde kunawo wonke emashumini eminyaka. [i-Biden's 2021's umqedazwelo wekheli[ ukubonisa ukuthi isiko lingavumelana nezimo.

Isimo Salo Mhlangano Ezikhathini Ezinzima

Impi Nokulondeka Kuyawohloka

Izwe lamakheli e-Union phakathi nezikhathi zempi noma zezokuphepha lithwala ubunzima obukhethekile futhi lifeza imisebenzi ekhethekile. La makheli kumele alinganise ukubonakala kahle nokulondeka, ukusekela kokusekela ngaphandle kwendlela yokwembula, futhi alondoloze izinselele uma kuvunyelwa izinselele.

Amakheli e-FDR esikhathi sempi asingatha lengxabano ngobuciko. Ikheli lakhe lika-1942, elanikezwa ngemva kwamasonto ePearl Harbor, lahlanganisa ukubheka izinselele zezempi okungokoqobo nokuqiniseka ukuthi unqoba ngokuphelele. Ukulinganisela kwakhe ngeqiniso nokuphefumulelwa kwasiza ukuba agcine indawo yasekhaya icacile phakathi nezikhathi zobumnyama.

George W. Bush's wangemva kuka-9/11 waguqula isimiso saseMelika sangaphandle nokulondeka kwasekhaya. U-2002 "indlela yokulungisa ububi" wabumba ubuhlobo bomhlaba wonke iminyaka eminingi. La makheli abonisa indlela omongameli abangasebenzisa ngayo ukulimala kwesizwe ukuze bakhe ukusekela izinguquko ezinkulu zenqubo, kube ngcono noma okubi kakhulu.

Inselele yamakheli esikhathi sempi ihilela ukulondoloza ukulandisa kwentando yeningi kuyilapho kuvikelwa ukulondeka kokusebenza. Omongameli kumelwe bazise iSishaya-mthetho nomphakathi ngaphandle kokusiza izitha. Lokhu kucindezeleka kuye kwaholela ekutheni kuphikwe impikiswano yokubekwa kwelungelo lokubusa nokuhlelwa kwesimiso sobudemokrasi okulinganisela ukuphatha ngentando yeningi.

Ubunzima Bezomnotho

Amakheli ezomnotho abhekene nezinselele ezihlukene: ukuchaza izindaba zezimali eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukulondoloza ukuqiniseka lapho uvuma izinkinga, kanye nokusekela kwamakhambi abuhlungu avame ukuvela . La makheli kumelwe afinyelele izibukeli eziningi(amasheke, izakhamuzi, kanye nabantu abahlala ndawonye emhlabeni wonke) kanye nemiyalezo engqubuzanayo ngezinye izikhathi.

Amakheli e-FDR's Depression-era asungulwe ama-templatentis ezokuxhumana nenkinga yezomnotho. Ukuhlanganisa kwakhe ukuqaphela izinselele ngokungagunci ngokuqiniseka nokugomela amakhambi kwasiza ekubuyiseleni ukuthemba umphakathi. Ukusebenzisa kwakhe izingathekiso ezilula nezibonelo eziqinile kwenza ukuba izindaba zezomnotho zibe lula ezakhamuzini ezivamile.

Inkulumo ka-Obama ka-2009 phakathi noBuyiseko olukhulu yabhekana nenselele yokuchaza ukungenela okungakaze kubonwe emphakathini obangabazayo. Umzamo wakhe wokulinganisela ukuvunywa kwentukuthelo yomphakathi kanye nokuvikelwa kwezinyathelo ezidingekile kodwa ezingathandwayo wabonisa ubunzima bezombangazwe bokuphatha izinhlekelele ngezikhathi ezihlukene.

Ubunkimbinkimbi bezentengiselwano zezomnotho zanamuhla zivivinya amakhono omongameli okukhulumisana. Omongameli bangakuchaza kanjani ukushintshana kokuthenga ngesikweleti, ukunciphiswa kwenani, noma ukuthengwa kwezindawo ezitholakalayo ngezindlela ezifinyele? ISigodi se-Union , kanye nesikhathi sayo esinqabile nenkundla yezezombangazwe, kungafanelana ngokungafaneleki ngemisebenzi enjalo yemfundo.

Ukugula Kwempilo Yomphakathi Ne - pandemic

Isifo se-COVOID-19 sadala izinselele ezingakaze zibonwe eMbusweni we-Union. Ikheli likaBiden lika-2021 eMkhandlwini ozimele ophakathi kwabantu ophethe isibopho sokufihla inhlekelele ngokubona kuyilapho isigijimi sakhe silinganisela ithemba lokugoma ngezidingo eziqhubekayo.

Izinkinga zempilo yomphakathi zidinga amongameli [[FLT: 0] ukuba badlulisele ukungaqiniseki kwesayensi [ ngesikhathi belondoloza ukuthemba komphakathi. Kumelwe bakhuthaze ukuhambisana nezinyathelo zempilo yomphakathi ngaphandle kokwethuka. Kumelwe balinganisele ukukhathazeka okungokomnotho nokungokwempilo okuvame ukuphikisana. Lemiyalezo eyinkimbinkimbi icindezela uHulumeni wendlela ye-Union.

Lapho izinyathelo eziyisisekelo zezempilo zomphakathi ziba izimpawu zezombangazwe, amakheli kamongameli ngeke akhe ukuvumelana. iSifundazwe Se - Union siba enye yezimpi ezimpini zamasiko kunokuba sihlanganise isiqondiso sesizwe.

Ikusasa Lezwe Lobunye

Amathuba Obuchwepheshe

Ubuchwepheshe obuhlanganisayo bungaguqula iZwe lolwazi lwe-Union. Iqiniso elingokoqobo nelinezelwe [ lingavumela izakhamuzi ukuba "ziyenze" ekamelweni lendlu noma ekuhlolweni kwezimiso zokuhlola. Ukuhlakanipha kokwenza izinto kunganikeza ukuqondisa okungokomuntu siqu nokuhlaziya okusekelwe ezithakazelweni nasemazingeni olwazini ngamanye.

Ukuhlola kwangempela kanye nokuhlola imizwa kungavumela omongameli ukuba balungise imiyalezo phakathi nokuhanjiswa, benze amakheli anamandla kunakhona. I-Blockchain ingasiza ukuvota okulondekile, okubonisayo ezihlongozweni zikamongameli, kuguqule ukubuka unganaki kube yizingxenye ezisebenzayo. Izimpawu ze-neral zingavumela ukulawulwa kwentando yeningi ukuba kuvunyelwe ngokuhlola okukhulu.

Kodwa ubuchwepheshe bungabuye buhlukane nokuhlangenwe nakho kwezwe okufanayo. Uma wonke umuntu ethola izinguqulo zekheli elizimele, ingabe siyalahlekelwa yisizathu sokuhlobana kwentando yeningi? Uma cishe inani labakhona lithatha indawo yokuba khona ngokoqobo, ingabe lesi senzakalo siyalahlekelwa amandla aso? Ubuchwepheshe benza kube nokwenzeka, kodwa izindinganiso zentando yeningi kumelwe ziqondise ukukhetha.

Inselele ihilela ukugcina iZwe lentando yeningi le-Union lisebenza ngenkathi lizivumelanisa noshintsho lwezobuchwepheshe. Ukulungisa kufanele kuthuthukise kunokuba kuthathe indawo ye ukwahlulela komuntu, ukuzimisela, nokulandisa okufunwa yidemokhrasi.

Ukuziphendukela Kwemvelo Okungokweziqu

Ikusasa le-State of the Union ngokwengxenye lixhomeke ekuziphendukeleni kwezindawo ezibanzi embusweni wentando yeningi yaseMelika. Uma i-Congress iqinisekisa kabusha amalungelo ayo omthetho-sisekelo, ikheli lingase libuyele ekubeni umbiko kundlu yomthetho kunokuba lidlulise ikhanda layo. Uma ukuhlalisana kwezindawo, lingase libe yinkundla yemidlalo yemidlalo ehlukanisayo engenawo amacebo okuzishaya iso-omgano.

Kungavela amanye amalungiselelo. Izikhathi zobumongameli obuvamile ngaphambi kokuba iSishaya-mthetho sithayisele noma sithathe indawo yamakheli aminyaka yonke. Uhulumeni weKhabhinethi ungasakaza imithwalo yemfanelo yokuxhumana. Izimiso zentando yeningi [ zingadlula izinhlangano ezimelela i-aces.

Ubuhlobo phakathi kwamandla kahulumeni nombuso bungabuyisela ukusebenza kwekheli. Uma imibuso iba abasunguli abaqalayo, izinqumo zomongameli azilutho. Uma amandla kahulumeni eqhubeka akhula, inzuzo yekheli. Lokhu shintsho lokwakha lungaguqula i-State of the Union.

Ingabe kungaba khona izinkulumo ezihlanganisa izifunda ezihlangene nemibuso ehlangene nemibuso ehlangene?

Isiphetho: Injongo YoMbuso Wekheli Le - Union

I-State yekheli le-Union isivele kuThomas Jefferson's imibiko ebhaliwe yanamuhla yemibukiso eminingi yezokuxhumana, nokho umsebenzi wayo obalulekile wentando yeningi uyaqhubeka: ukwakha isikhathi lapho umphathi omkhulu wezwe kumelwe alandise obala ngokubusa nokuveza iziqondiso zesikhathi esizayo. Lemfuneko yomthetho-sisekelo, nakuba ishintshwa ubuchwepheshe nezombangazwe, ilondoloza ukuhlobana okubalulekile phakathi kwabaholi nezakhamuzi, phakathi kwamagatsha kahulumeni, naphakathi kwe-Melika esikhathini esidlule nekusasa.

Inkulumo ihlanganisa izingxabano ezibangelwa ukubusa kwentando yeningi. Kumelwe yazise kuyilapho ukukholisa, ukuhlanganisa kuyilapho kuvuma ukuhlukana, kukhuthaza kuyilapho kuhlala kuneqiniso. Isiza izibukeli eziningi ezinezithakazelo eziphikisanayo − iConrever nezakhamuzi, izakhamuzi zasekhaya nezizwe, abasekeli nabaphikisi. Lokhu kucindezeleka akunakulungiswa kodwa kumelwe kuxazululwe, futhi indlela esizilawula ngayo yembula ubuntu bethu bentando yeningi.

Ukugxekwa kwangesikhathi kuHulumeni we-Union (indawo ephakeme), ukuhlukanisa, nokudlala imidlalo yaseshashalazini − kuveza ukukhathazeka okubanzi ngempilo yedemokrasi yaseMelika. Uma ikheli liba ukulwa okuhlukanisayo kunokuba kube yingxoxo yesizwe, liveza ukungahleleki kwezombangazwe okujule kakhulu. Nokho ukuphikelela kwalelisiko ngempi yangaphakathi, ukucindezeleka, nokuguquguquka kwezenhlalo kusikisela ukuqina okudlula izikhathi ezithile zezombangazwe.

IState of the Union ayibalulekile ngoba noma iyiphi ikheli elilodwa ishintsha umlando − kodwa ngenxa yokuthi ukunqwabelana kwalezikhathi zaminyaka yonke kwakha ingxoxo eqhubekayo phakathi kwabaholi nezakhamuzi ezibalulekile ekubusweni kwentando yeningi. Ngisho namakheli amaphutha asebenzisa idemokrati ngokuphoqelela omongameli ukuba bachaze imibono, uMkhandlu ukuba baphendule, nezakhamuzi ukuba zihlanganyele nesiqondiso sikahulumeni.

Uma ubheka phambili, iZwe le-Union lizoqhubeka lihambisana nentando yeningi yaseMelika ngokwayo. Ubuchwepheshe obusha buzoguqula ukuvela nokusetshenziswa kwalo. Ukushintsha kwenani labantu nokuhlelwa kwezombangazwe kuzoshintsha okukuqukethe nokukuhlanganisa. Izinselele zezizwe ngezizwe zizoshintsha ukugxila kwazo nokubaluleka kwazo. Ngalezinguquko, imfuneko eyisisekelo yentando yeningi, ukuthi abaholi kumelwe bazichaze njalo kubantu.

Isilinganiso sempumelelo kaHulumeni we-Union asiwona amagebe ethelevishini noma amaphutha ahlolwayo kodwa ukuthi ilondoloza ukulandisa okunenjongo kwentando yeningi ezikhathini ezishintshayo. Ingabe iphoqelela amongameli ukuba balwe nezinkinga ezinzima? Ingabe inikeza izakhamuzi ulwazi oludingekayo ekuthatheni isinyathelo sentando yeningi? Ingabe idala indawo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imfishane futhi ayiphelele, ukuze icabange ngezinselele ezivamile? Lemibuzo ibaluleke kakhulu kunenani elikhona lomkhiqizo noma impumelelo.

Izakhamuzi, iState of the Union inikeza ithuba laminyaka yonke lokungahloli ukusebenza komongameli kuphela kodwa impilo yedemokrasi. Ikheli lembula ukuthi yiziphi izimpikiswano ezinakwayo, amazwi azo azwakalayo, nendlela impucuko yezombangazwe eguquka ngayo. Ukubuka ngokunzulu(/) nokuvuma iziphakamiso zikamongameli ngokungazigxeki noma ukuzilahla ngokuzenzakalelayo noma ukuvivinya izicubu zedemokhrasi okubalulekile ukuze umuntu azilawulele ngokwakhe.

Umlando wezwe le-Union ufundisa ukuthi amasiko entando yeningi kumelwe alinganisele ukuqhubekeka noshintsho. Imfuneko yomthetho-sisekelo iyaqhubeka, kodwa ukuzwana kwayo kuvumelana nezimo ezintsha. Lokhu kuvumelana akuvumelani nezingcindezi zanamuhla kodwa ukuvumelana okubalulekile kwentando yeningi. Ngokuqonda lomlando nangokuhlanganyela kulelisiko elishintshayo, izakhamuzi zihlanganyela emsebenzini oqhubekayo wokubusa kwentando yeningi ukuthi uHulumeni we-Uni, ngokungcono kakhulu, uhlanganisa.

Uma nje idemokrasi yaseMelika isaqhubeka, amongameli kuyodingeka bazichazele i-Congress nabantu. Indlela abayokwenza ngayo lokho iyoqhubeka ixazulula, kodwa isimiso sentando yeningi sokulandisa komphakathi njalo, sihlala sikhona. iZwe loMbuso we-Union, kuwo wonke amaphutha nokukhungatheka kwalo, lilondoloza lokhu kuhlobana okubalulekile phakathi kwemibono yaseMelika kanye neqiniso lezombangazwe, phakathi kwezimfuneko zomthetho ngokomthetho kanye nezinhloso zentando yeningi, phakathi kukahulumeni esinawo kanye nalowo esilwela ukuwenza njalo.

Imithombo Yengcebo Eyengeziwe

Kulabo abanesithakazelo ekuhloleni iZwe lomlando we-Union nokuhlaziya kuqhubeke, inikeza imibhalo ephelele ye-American Preference Project yonke ikheli le-Union kanye nokwaziswa okubanzi ngokuthunyelwa nokwamukela kwazo. [ Izinqolobane zesizwe [[ zinikeza umongo ongokomlando kanye nevidiyo ekhethiwe eqoshiwe ebonisa ukuziphendukela kwalelisiko elibalulekile lentando yeningi elivela kwimibiko yezindaba yanamuhla.

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