Ukushintsha Kwezinombolo Zokuphathwa Kwedolobha

Ukuhlanganiswa kwezobuchwepheshe ekuqondiseni idolobha kuye kwadlulela ngalé kokulawula idolobha. Ohulumeni bakamasipala manje basebenzisa isayensi yezokusebenza eyinkimbinkimbi ethinta zonke izici zokuphila kwasemadolobheni.

Isisekelo sokuphatha amadolobha anamuhla sisemthonjeni. Izimiso zokwaziswa ze-GOOgraphic (GIS) bezisetshenziswa amashumi eminyaka, kodwa ukwanda kwezinzwa, amakhamera, nemishini ehlangeneyo manje kudala inqwaba yokwaziswa okungokoqobo okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili. Abaphathi bedolobha bangahlola izinga lomoya, ukuminyana kwezimoto, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye nokuphepha komphakathi emabhodini ahlanganisa imizuzwana embalwa. Le mininingwane imemezela ngezinqumo zokuhlelwa kwemali, ukusabela okuphuthuma, nokuhlelwa kwezindawo ezinde zasedolobheni. Ngokwesibonelo, idolobha laseChicago isebenzisa izinhlu zezinzwa ezibonisa imigwaqo esendaweni ephakeme, ivumela amaqembu ezisebenzi ukuba athumele imishini ekhithilofini ekhithini elithutha iqhwa lapho kanye nalapho kudingeka khona futhi lapho kudingeka kakhulu.

Ukwenza Isinqumo Semininingwane

Amapulatifomu asebenza ngokuhlola abaphathi bedolobha aseyimishini ebalulekile. Ngokuhlaziya imiklamo engokomlando, i-algorithism ingabikezela lapho imigodi ingenzeka khona, leyo ezindaweni ezizothola ukukhula ngemitshingo engu-911, noma lapho imfuno yomphakathi izodlondlobala. Lokhu kuqondisisa kuvumela ukuhlelwa kwemithombo yemali kunokulawulwa kwezinkinga. AmaDolopo anjengo Los Angeles athathe izithombe ezingokomlando, nakuba izinhlelo ezinjalo zilokhu ziphikisana ngenxa yokukhathalela ubandlululo nenkululeko yomphakathi. Ukusetshenziswa okuningi okuthandwayo kuhlanganisa ukubikezela isidingo samandla okusebenza ngokunenzuzo ekwandishinisela phambili noma ukuhlukanisa izindawo ezisengozini yokukhuphuculwa kwezindawo zokulungisa izakhiwo.

Ukushintshela ekubuseni ukwaziswa kudinga izisebenzi ezinekhono lokuchaza izibalo nokusebenzisa i-software yokubona. Izisebenzi zasedolobheni kumelwe zithathele ngaphandle kokuhlaziya iprograma elula ukuze zisebenze ngemitapo eyinkimbinkimbi nangalokho okutholakele kubantu abaphethe amaza emishini ehlukahlukene. Lokhu kushintshwa kokuncintisana kungokunye kokuthuthukisa okukhulu kwentuthuko yezisebenzi ohulumeni bamasipala.

Izimiso Ezihlakaniphile Ne - Internet

Izakhiwo ezihlakaniphile zidlulela ngalé kwemisebenzi yomphakathi engokwesiko. Izimpawu zomgwaqo ezihlakaniphile zixhumana ukuze kuhlanganiswe izibani futhi kuncitshiswe ukuminyana. Abashayeli abasebenza ngokupaka baqondise amachashaza ukuba bawathole, banciphise ukujikeleza nokukhipha igesi. Izimiso zamanzi ezihlonyiswe ngemishini evuzayo zisindisa izigidi zamalitha minyaka yonke. Lezi zimiso zincike ku-inthanethi yezinto ezihlangene nezishukumisayo eziqoqa ukwaziswa. Ukusebenzisa i-IoT projectal kudinga amakhono ezokulungisa i-mgamu yokwaziswa, ukulondeka kokwaziswa, kanye nokulungisa imishini okwakungadingenzeki kakhulu ukuba kusebenze ishumi leminyaka edlule.

Ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo oluhlakaniphile lwamadolobha aseBarcelona luhlanganisa izibani zomphakathi, ukuphatha imfucumfucu, nokupaka izimoto. Imishini ehlakaniphile yaleli dolobha ibika amazinga okugcwalisa indlela yokuqoqa iminikelo, ukunciphisa amamayela nezindleko zezisebenzi. Abaqashi abaphethe lezi zimiso kumelwe baqonde ukuhlelwa kwemisebe yezinzwa, imithetho yemininingwane yokwaziswa, kanye nokuhlola okuyisisekelo okungekho yingxenye yezindlela zomsebenzi ezingokwesiko zikamasipala. Ngakho amadolobheni afaka imali e - IoT kumelwe abophe isibopho sokuqeqeshelwa izisebenzi zezobuchwepheshe, ngokuvamile abasebenza nabathengisi noma amakholiji obuchwepheshe bendawo ukuze baqalise inqubo yesikole.

Ukuhlanganyela Nendawo Yezakhamuzi

Ama-odac platifomu ashintshe indlela izakhamuzi ezisebenzelana ngayo nohulumeni bazo bendawo. Ama-applet avumela izakhamuzi ukuba zibike imigodi, imvume yokusebenza, intela, futhi zihlanganyele ekuhloleni komphakathi kuma-software azo. Ama-Online drigboard enza imininingwane yendlela yokuhlela izinhlelo zemali ibe sobala futhi itholakale. Imishini yezezokuxhumana ilungisa izinhlelo zangempela ngesikhathi esiphuthumayo. Lamathuluzi andisa ukulandisa nokunika izakhamuzi imvume, kodwa futhi afaka nezicelo ezintsha kuzisebenzi zikamasipala okulawula izingxoxo zamanani, ukusabela ezixhunyaniswa nezokuxhumana nomsebenzisi.

Intuthuko yamandla ezisebenzi kulendawo igxile emakhonweni okufunda nokubhala nawamakhasimende alungiselelwe ama-tem-tem system. Abaqashwa badinga ukuqeqeshwa ngezimiso zokuqondisa okuqukethwe yi-tem, izinhlelo ezingcono kakhulu zezokuxhumana, nezimiso zokusebenza zokwaziswa. Amanye amadolobha amise amaqembu emisebenzi yezemishini anikezelwe adwetshwe ngemishini alingisa imisebenzi yanamuhla, abese eqeqesha eminye iminyango. Ngokwesibonelo, idolobha lase Austin, eTexas, lakha iHofisi yokuzimela nokuthumela i-Pregion esebenzisa imishini esheshayo esemthethweni kahulumeni, asakaza amakhono emishini ezindaweni ezithile.

Ithonya Entuthukweni Yamandla

Ukuguqulwa kobuchwepheshe bokuphatha idolobha ngokuqondiswe ngokuqondile abasebenzi abasebenzayo. Izindima zenkonzo zomphakathi ezingokwesiko ziyashintsha, futhi kuvela izikhundla ezintsha ezihlanganisa ukuphatha komphakathi nobuchwepheshe bobuchwepheshe. Abahlaziyi bezolwazi, ochwepheshe bezokusebenza kwe-inthaneti, ochwepheshe be-IoT, kanye nabaqondisi bezokuxhumana bamanani manje bavamile emadolobheni amakhulu. Ngisho nezindima ezingokwesiko zenza umsebenzi wokwakha noma izikhulu zokushaya umthetho zidinga induduzo ngezibhebhe, iqoqo lemininingwane yemininingwane yezokwaziswa, kanye nezimiso zokubika ngobuchwepheshe.

Lezi zinguquko zidala inselele: ukuheha isiphiwo esisha ngamakhono obuchwepheshe athuthukile kuyilapho bebulala izisebenzi ezikhona ezingase zintule amandla amanani aphezulu. Ohulumeni bakamasipala bavame ukuncintisana namaholo azimele emishini yezobuchwepheshe, okwenza kube nzima ukujoyina izisebenzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izisebenzi ezisezindlini ezithathe isikhathi eside ziletha ulwazi olubalulekile lwezinhlangano okumelwe lugcinwe. Ngakho izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa umsebenzi kumelwe zilinganisele ukubulala ngokuqasha imishini esemthethweni, ngokuvamile zidala imizila yemisebenzi evumela izisebenzi zamanje ukuba zishintshele ezinkonzweni zezobuchwepheshe.

Amakhono Adingekayo Emsebenzini Wanamuhla Wasedolobheni

  • Ukuhlaziya amadrama kanye nencazelo: ikhono lokukhipha ukuqonda emifanekisweni emikhulu yemininingwane, sebenzisa amathuluzi okubala, futhi unikeze amaphuzu afinyelelwe abenzi besinqumo.
  • [[I-FLT:0] Imithetho eyisisekelo ye-Cybersecurity: Ukuqonda ama-vector asongelayo, ukuphatha kokwaziswa okulondekile, kanye nokusabela kwezehlakalo ukuze kuvikelwe ulwazi lwesakhamuzi oluzwelayo.
  • Ukuxhumana okungalawuleki: ubandlululo ekuqondiseni imithombo yezokuxhumana, ukudweba okuse-inthanethi okucacile, nokufaka izakhamuzi ngemikhondo ye-inthanethi.
  • Ukuphathwa kwesisekelo sohlelo : ukujwayelana nemishini ye-IoT, izinxobo zezinzwa, kanye ne-software yokuphatha amathuluzi.
  • Ukuphathwa komsebenzi wokwakha : Uhlelo lokuthuthukisa i-inter kanye nokusebenza kweqembu elisebenza ngokunqamleza ukuhambisa izinkonzo zamanani ngokushesha.
  • iklanywe nge-USC [: ikhono lokwakha izilinganiso zobuchwepheshe be-biody withromes ezenza izinkonzo zikahulumeni zifinyeleleke kubantu abahlukahlukene.

Lamakhono awagcini. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bushintsha, ukufunda okuqhubekayo kuba okubalulekile. Amadolobha amaningi manje adinga izisebenzi ukuba ziqede amahora okuqeqesha aminyaka yonke emincintiswaneni yamanani. Amanye asungule “amakilasi” anikeza izifundo ezisukela ekusunguleni kwe-Pythory Python ukuya ekuhlolweni okuphambili kwe-GIS. Idolobha laseSan Francisco, ngeqembu lalo I-Digatal Services [, linikeza ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo ezinsini eziphesheya kweminyango, ligcizelela ukuklanywa komklamo nokwenza izinqumo ze-data.

Izinhlelo Zokuqeqesha Nezokufundisa

Ukuze baqede igebe lamakhono, omasipala bafaka imali eningi ekuqeqesheni izakhiwo zezemisebenzi. Izinhlangano zamayunivesithi, amakolishi omphakathi, kanye ne-Intanethi yokufunda i-plugit yandisa ukungenela komsebenzi ofanele. Ngokwesibonelo, i- National League of Cities[ inikeza imithombo yemisebenzi kanye nezinhlangano zontanga zokufundela umsebenzi. Amanye amadolobha anikeza impatho esemthethweni, njengalawo avela ku- I-Teantactal ne-Administration yolwazi , ukuxhasa izinhlelo zezokusebenza zobuchwepheshe zomsebenzi wodwa nezakhamuzi.

Imikhumbi yezokuhloma kanye nezinhlelo zokujikeleza zithola inzuzo. Kunokuba zincike kuphela ekufundiseni kwekilasi, okuhlangenwe nakho kwezandla ngobuchwepheshe obusha kwakha ukuqiniseka nekhono. Iqembu le-Seattle’s Information ne-Modeficial, ngokwesibonelo, abahlaziyi be-data phakathi kweminyango ye-migqa emide emizileni yezinyanga eziyisithupha, ezivumela ukuba zikwazi ukusingatha izinkinga zangempela lapho zidlulisela amakhono ezisebenzini ezihlala njalo. Lesibonelo sithuthukisa ukutholwa ngenxa yokuthi ukufunda kwenzeka ngomongomongo, kuhambisana nemisebenzi yangempela.

Enye indlela ephumelelayo ukwakhiwa “kwesikole sama-actal” esinikezelwe phakathi kukahulumeni wedolobha. IMiami-Dade County yamisa inyathelo likahulumeni likahulumeni wobuSmart [ elihlanganisa isici sokuqeqesha izisebenzi ngemininingwane, ukwehlukanisa i-inthanethi, nokuklama kwezezinkonzo zobuchwepheshe. Lezi zikole zivame ukuqinisekisa izisebenzi ezikoleni ezithile ezithi zingene ezikoleni ezithile, ziveze intuthuko ecacile yemisebenzi. Zibuye zithuthukise isiko lokuthuthukisa intuthuko lapho intuthuko eqhubekayo iba inqubo yezobuchwepheshe ye-inthaneti, futhi ingabi yinqubo ehlukile.

Ukuhlola izenzakalo: Amadolobha ahola ubuchwepheshe-Driven Workworth

Ukusondela Kwedolobha Elihlakaniphile Elinobugodi EBarcelona

I-Barcelona, eSpain, ivame ukubizwa njengomholi wembulunga yonke ezithathelweni zedolobha ezihlakaniphile. Isu layo elibanzi lokuhlanganisa i-IoT, ulwazi oluvulekile, kanye nenhlalo yezakhamuzi. Uhlelo lwedolobha Digital City [[ alugcizeleli nje kuphela ukusetshenziswa kwezobuchwepheshe kodwa futhi nentuthuko yomsebenzi. I-Barcelona namayunivesithi endawo ukunikeza amadegree akhethekile kubaphathi bedolobha abahlakaniphile. Izisebenzi ezikhona zingathatha izifundo eziphansi zesayensi, izimemezelo zedolobha, nokulawula kwezimiso zezemisebe. Idolobha futhi ligcizelela “ikhono lokusebenza elisanda kuthweswa iziqu zamalungu asemagunyeni amabili, eziwayakhela ngeminyango ehlukene ukuze zabaphathi bedolobha.

Lokhu kutshala inzuzo. Ikhono leBarcelona lokugcina nokuguqula izimiso zalo ezihlakaniphile lixhomeke ezisebenzini eziqonda kokubili isilinganiso sobuchwepheshe nesimiso. Idolobha liye lagwema ugibe oluvamile lokuthenga ubuchwepheshe ngaphandle kokwakha amandla angaphakathi okubulawula. Kunalokho, libheka ukuthuthuka kwabasebenzi njengokubaluleke kakhulu, liyihlanganisa ibe yiyo yonke imisebenzi emisha kusukela ekuqaleni.

Ukuhlelwa Kwezisebenzi Ezineziqu ZaseSingapore

I-Smart Nation’s Smart Stutter ingenye yezinhlelo zikahulumeni zemishini eziphambili emhlabeni. Idolobha-lithumele izinzwa namakhamera esiqhingi ukunqamula ukuze kuhlolwe yonke into kusukela enhlanzekweni kuya ekuxhumekeni kwabantu. Kodwa kuyamangalisa ngokufanayo ukufinyelela kwayo ekuthuthukiseni umsebenzi. Isimiso se-Government Technology Agency (Govtech) [FLT] inikeza iziyalezo ezibanzi zezikhulu zezisebenzi, kuhlanganise ne-crectivetics, i-ixastecurity, i-metic, nentuthuko esheshayo. Uhlelo “I-Digatalicle `Implatel'''' luqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izisebenzi zinemfundo eqinile yobuchwepheshe yobuchwepheshe, kuyilapho imikhondo ephambili ilungiselela ukuvela kwemisebe enjengeyo ephumayo enjenge-micudia.

I-Singapore futhi isebenzisa ukwaziswa ekubikezeleni ukuthi ikhono lesikhathi esizayo lidingani. Ngokuhlaziya amazinga okutholwa kwabantwana abangochwepheshe kanye nezimo zokuzalana kwabantu, uhulumeni ulindele ukuthi iziphi izindima eziyokhula futhi iziphi ezizoncipha. Lokhu kuvumela ukubulala ngokuqhubekayo kunokuba kubangele ukuthatheka. Izinyunyana zomphakathi zisebenza ngokuseduze nokuqondisa ukuklama ukuvikela umsebenzi kuyilapho ukukhushulwa kuwumsebenzi ozivumelanisa ngokuqhubekayo, kanye nokuzivumelanisa okuphansi nokuziphatha okuphakeme.

Izinselele Nokucabangela

Ukwehlukana Kwezinombolo Nokwehlukahluka Kwamacala

Ukutholwa kwezobuchwepheshe kubaphathi bedolobha kungathuthukisa ukungalingani okukhona uma kungasetshenziswa ngokucabangela. Izindawo ezingenisa imali ephansi ngokuvamile azikwazi ukufinyelela i-internet ephezulu nemishini ye-minustry, okusho ukuthi amapulatifomu asebenza nge-evernance kungenzeka awasebenzi zonke izakhamuzi ngokulingana. Izisebenzi zasedolobheni kumelwe ziqeqeshelwe ukuklama izinkonzo ezihlanganisa ezinye − ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ezinye izinkonzo, ukusekela ezinye izibuyekezo zezilimi, kanye nezinhlelo ezifinyekayo kubantu abakhubazekile. Izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa umsebenzi kumele zihlanganise ama-smodyation asss-sed nomphakathi oxter ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwemiphakathi akuzishiyeli emuva.

Ukungavikeleki Nezingozi Zokuba Wedwa

Njengoba amadolobha eqoqa ukwaziswa okwengeziwe, aba izisulu ezikhangayo zokuhlasela nge-inthanethi. Izenzakalo eziye zahlasela ohulumeni bakamasipala ziye zanda eminyakeni yamuva, ziphazamisa izinkonzo futhi zihlehlisa ulwazi olusheshayo. Ukuthuthuka kwezemisebenzi kumelwe kubeke phambili ukuqapha i-inthanethi kuzo zonke izilinganiso. Abaqashwa badinga ukuqaphela imizamo yokuphanga, ukulandela izinhlelo ezilondekile zokusingatha izinqubo, nokuqonda izenzakalo zokulandisa. Ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo kwezisebenzi ze-IT, ukuvimbela ukutholwa, nokululama kwenhlekelele. Idolobha elinjengo-Atlanta na-Baltimorence, ngemva kokuhlaselwa okukhulu, kuye kwafaka kakhulu ekuqeqesheni inqubo yokulondoloza inzuzo ye-inthaneti njengengxenye yemizamo yazo yokululama.

Ukumelana Nenhlangano Nokushintsha Kwesiko

Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha ngokuvamile kuhlangabezana nokumelana nezisebenzi ezijwayelene nezinqubo ezingokwefa. Uvalo lokuthathelwa imisebenzi, nokungazethembi ngamathuluzi emishini kungavimbela ukutholwa. Ukuthuthuka kwezisebenzi kudinga ukuqondisa uhlangothi lomuntu lwenguquko. Umholi kufanele adlulisele umbono ocacile wokuthi ubuchwepheshe buzoyithuthukisa kanjani imisebenzi, hhayi ukuyiqeda. Ukuqondisa izinhlelo zontanga, lapho izisebenzi ezifundisa ubuchwepheshe, lapho izisebenzi ezisebenza ngobuchwepheshe zinganciphisa khona ushintsho. Ukuwina nokuqaphela izisebenzi ezinamakhono amasha kusiza ekwakheni amandla. Amanye amadolobha afaka ulwazi lwemishini yobuchwepheshe ukuze ahlole ukusebenza, ukusungula ikhono lokusebenza.

Ikusasa Lentuthuko Yamabutho Asemadolobheni

Izindlela Zobuchwepheshe Ezixubile Ezisemkhathini

Ukuhlakanipha kokwenza, ukufunda omshini, nokusebenza ngemishini ezenzekelayo kuzokuguqula futhi ukuphatha idolobha. I-Al ingavumela imisebenzi engokwenqubo ezenzekelayo njengokubukeza noma ukuzuza izihlola zemali, ukukhulula izisebenzi emsebenzini wenani eliphakeme. Ama-alytic azakuhlelwa ngoku yinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, enze kube nokunakekelwa kwezakhi kanye nezinkonzo zezakhamuzi ezizimele. Nokho, le misebenzi yobuchwepheshe iphakamisa imibuzo engokokuziphatha ngobandlululo, ukuba sobala, nokuziphendulela. Izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa umsebenzi kumelwe zihlanganise ukuqeqeshwa kwezimiso zobuphini kanye nokusetshenziswa kwekhono.

Ubuchwepheshe be-btchain bungaguqula ukugcinwa kwezincwadi zezihloko zempahla, amalayisense ebhizinisi, kanye nokuvota. Nakuba ukutholwa komntwana kuhlala kusekhona, amanye amadolobha alawula izimiso ezisekelwe ku-blockchain ukuze abhalise amapulani. Abaqashwa bazodinga ukuqonda ukusakazwa kwemiqondo yabaholi nesivumelwano esihlakaniphile. Iqiniso lingasiza izisebenzi zasensimini, njengabahloli abakwazi ukufaka amapulani awezinto ezingokoqobo. Ukulungiselela le mishini kudinga ukuhlelwa kolwazi lwesayensi oluphilayo nokuvumelana nezimo.

Ukutuswa Kwemithetho Kubaholi Bakahulumeni

  • Imisebenzi ethuthukiswayo ithuthukiswa yinoma yiliphi ipulani lobuchwepheshe nokusetshenziswa kwemisebenzi. Kudingeka abathengisi baqeqeshe izisebenzi zasedolobheni njengengxenye yezivumelwano.
  • Yakhani isikhwama semisebenzi yobuchwepheshe enikezelwe, esisekelwa ingxenye ethile yobuchwepheshe ebiza imali egciniwe, ukuze nikhokhele ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo nokugunyazwa.
  • Yenzani amasitebhisi okusebenza aqaphela imishini yokuncintisana ngemishini, avumele izisebenzi ukuba zithuthuke ngaphandle kokuphoqelela ukuba ziqondise izintambo.
  • Shayelana nezinhlangano zemfundo ukuze wakhe izitifiketi ezinqwabelene − izifundo ezimfushane ezakhela emadigirini noma ezitifiketi.
  • Njalo lapho uhlola izisebenzi, ungakuvumeli ukuba kuqale ubuchwepheshe obuvamile futhi uhlele izinto eziza kuqala.
  • Ukukhuthaza ukubambisana okudidayo, ukuqeda imingcele yekhono lokuhlanganyela nokusungula.

Isiphetho

Ubuchwepheshe abulona nje ithuluzi abaphathi bedolobha abangakhetha ukulisebenzisa; bulungisa yona kanye indwangu yokubusa kwasemadolobheni. Izingcingo, izimo ezizihambelayo, namapulatifomu amanani anikeza amathuba angenakulinganiswa okuthuthukisa impumelelo, ukulinganisela, nokuthembisana kwezakhamuzi. Kodwa lezinzuzo zitholakala kuphela uma izisebenzi zizimisele ukuzisebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo. Ukuthuthuka komsebenzi kumelwe kusuke kusuka ku-HR kuqhubekele phambili, ukuthola ukunakekelwa, ukunakekelwa kobuholi, nokusetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo.

Amadolobha aphumelela kuyoba lawo aphatha izisebenzi zawo njengezisekelo zawo ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokufaka imali emakhonweni obuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana, ukuthuthukisa impucuko yemfundo, nokubhekana nokungalingani nokungalingani kwe-inthanethi ne-commus, ohulumeni bamasipala bangakha izisebenzi ezilungele ikusasa. Ukushintsha sekuya kuqala. Inkinga ayikhona ukuthi ubuchwepheshe buyoshintsha idolobha, kodwa ukuthi abaholi bamadolobha bazotshala imali kubantu abenza lezo zinguquko zibe nokwenzeka. Impendulo izakunquma izinga lokuphila kwasemadolobheni amashumi eminyaka azayo.